mysql linux安裝

1. 下載官網最新的帶glibc庫mysql社區版（目前是5.7.18）

shell> wget -P /usr/local https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2. 安裝依賴包

shell> yum install libaio (centos)
shell> apt-get install libaio1 (ubuntu)

3. 建立數據庫配置文件

shell> touch /etc/my.cnf
基本配置的內容以下：


[client]
port	=  10001
socket	=  /data/mysql/log/mysql.sock

[mysql]
prompt="\u@mysqldb  \R:\m:\s  [\d]>  "
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]
user	=  mysql
port	=  10001
basedir	=  /usr/local/mysql
datadir	=  /data/mysql/data
socket	=  /data/mysql/log/mysql.sock
pid-file  =  /data/mysql/log/mysql.pid
character-set-server  =  utf8
skip_name_resolve  =  1
open_files_limit        =  65535
back_log  =  1024
max_connections  =  512
max_connect_errors  =  1000000
table_open_cache  =  500
table_definition_cache  =  500
table_open_cache_instances  =  64
thread_stack  =  512K
external-locking  =  FALSE
max_allowed_packet  =  32M
sort_buffer_size  =  4M
join_buffer_size  =  4M
thread_cache_size  =  768
query_cache_size  =  0
query_cache_type  =  0
interactive_timeout  =  600
wait_timeout  =  600
tmp_table_size  =  32M
max_heap_table_size  =  32M
slow_query_log  =  1
slow_query_log_file  =  /data/mysql/log/slow.log
log-error  =  /data/mysql/log/error.log
long_query_time  =  1
server-id  =  10001
log-bin  =  /data/mysql/log/binlog
sync_binlog  =  1
binlog_cache_size  =  4M
max_binlog_cache_size  =  2G
max_binlog_size  =  1G
expire_logs_days  =  7
master_info_repository  =  TABLE
relay_log_info_repository  =  TABLE
gtid_mode  =  on
enforce_gtid_consistency  =  1
log_slave_updates
binlog_format  =  row
relay_log_recovery  =  1
relay-log-purge  =  1
key_buffer_size  =  32M
read_buffer_size  =  8M
read_rnd_buffer_size  =  4M
bulk_insert_buffer_size  =  64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size  =  128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size  =  10G
myisam_repair_threads  =  1
lock_wait_timeout  =  3600
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp  =  1
innodb_thread_concurrency  =  0
innodb_sync_spin_loops  =  100
innodb_spin_wait_delay  =  30

transaction_isolation  =  REPEATABLE-READ
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size  =  16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size  =  2048M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances  =  8
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup  =  1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown  =  1
innodb_data_file_path  =  ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit  =  1
innodb_log_buffer_size  =  32M
innodb_log_file_size  =  2G
innodb_log_files_in_group  =  2
innodb_max_undo_log_size  =  4G


innodb_io_capacity  =  4000
innodb_io_capacity_max  =  8000

innodb_write_io_threads  =  8
innodb_read_io_threads  =  8
innodb_purge_threads  =  4
innodb_page_cleaners  =  4
innodb_open_files  =  65535
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct  =  50
innodb_flush_method  =  O_DIRECT
innodb_lru_scan_depth  =  4000
innodb_checksum_algorithm  =  crc32
#innodb_file_format  =  Barracuda
#innodb_file_format_max  =  Barracuda
innodb_lock_wait_timeout  =  10
innodb_rollback_on_timeout  =  1
innodb_print_all_deadlocks  =  1
innodb_file_per_table  =  1
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size  =  4G
internal_tmp_disk_storage_engine  =  InnoDB
innodb_stats_on_metadata  =  0

innodb_status_file  =  1

innodb_status_output  =  0
innodb_status_output_locks  =  0

#performance_schema
performance_schema  =  1
performance_schema_instrument  =  '%=on'

#innodb  monitor
innodb_monitor_enable="module_innodb"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_server"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_dml"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_ddl"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_trx"
innodb_monitor

4. 搭建及初始化數據庫

shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql  （軟鏈接，方便使用及升級）
shell> cd mysql
shell> mkdir mysql-files logs
# (/data 是數據庫文件存放目錄)
shell> mkdir  /data  
shell> chmod 750 mysql-files
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data   # MySQL 5.7.5 and below
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data   # MySQL 5.7.6 and up
shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup              # MySQL 5.7.6 and up (生成 ssl 證書)
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql mysql-files logs /data

5. 查看默認root密碼

tail /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld.err
#找到相似以下的密碼，並記錄該root用戶的臨時密碼
[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Y;jA%jK=>7h2

6. 設置MySQL爲系統服務並啓動

shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# 更改服務啓動文件的mysql安裝目錄
shell> sed -i s:basedir=\s*$:basedir=/usr/local/mysql:g    /etc/init.d/mysqld  
# 更改服務啓動文件的mysql數據庫文件存放目錄
shell> sed -i s:datadir=\s*$:datadir=/data:g    /etc/init.d/mysqld
shell> chkconfig --add mysqld
shell> chkconfig mysqld on
#啓動mysql服務
shell> service mysqld start

7. 帳戶及密碼安全設置

shell> cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
shell> ./mysql_secure_installation
# follow the instruction step by step 根據提示一步步操做

8. 輸出MySQL操做命令目錄爲環境變量

for convinence 爲了操做命令的方便，輸出MySQL的bin目錄至PATH
shell> vi /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

mysql.sh 內容以下:
if ! echo $PATH | /bin/grep -q /usr/local/mysql/bin ; then
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin
fi
export PATH

shell>chmod +x /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh