數據塊損壞恢復總結

數據塊恢復總結

1、說明

1.一、壞塊故障現象

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 7, block # 19846)

ORA-01110: data file 7: '+DATA/orcl/datafile/jxc1.270.1010446343’ 

1.二、壞塊類型

• 數據壞塊   

• 索引壞塊   

• 其它損壞   

 

1.三、檢驗壞塊的方式

$dbv file=/opt/oracle/oradata/mycdb/system01.dbf

RMAN> validate database|datefile xx;

1.四、壞塊處理

如有有效的rman備份則恢復語句以下：

   recover datafile 7 block 19846;

   recover corruption list; validate 檢測後可用該語句進行恢復

若僅有數據泵備份，則從數據泵恢復該表數據到備份的狀態。

   impdp  directory=dump dumpfile=bfapp20.dump SCHEMAS=BFAPP20 include=table:"\=\'T_OBJ\'"

   impdp  directory=dump dumpfile=bfapp20.dump tables=BFAPP20.T_OBJ

 無備份，屏蔽掉壞塊，拯救部分數據。

   啓用10231內部事件      alter system set events='10231 trace name context forever,level 10’;

   關閉10231內部事件      alter system set events='10231 trace name context off’;

    

2、實戰演練

2.一、構造數據損壞壞塊

 一、建立表插入數據

create table t as select object_id,object_name from dba_objects;

insert into t select * from t;

create index t_obj_id on t (object_id);

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('ZX1','T',CASCADE=>TRUE);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

2.二、查詢表佔用塊相關信息

SQL> select owner,segment_name,header_file,header_block,blocks from dba_segments where owner='ZX1' and segment_name='T';

OWNER       SEGMENT_NAME      HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK   BLOCKS

--------------- -------------------- ----------- ------------ ----------

ZX1              T          54        130      1024

SQL> select rowid,

    dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) rel_fno,

    dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) blockno,

    dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno

    from T WHERE ROWNUM<=10; 

ROWID       REL_FNO BLOCKNO      ROWNO

------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------

AAAR88AA2AAAACDAAA    54      131   0

AAAR88AA2AAAACDAAB    54      131   1

AAAR88AA2AAAACDAAC    54      131   2

AAAR88AA2AAAACDAAD    54      131   3

AAAR88AA2AAAACDAAE    54      131   4

AAAR88AA2AAAACDAAF    54      131   5

AAAR88AA2AAAACDAAG    54      131   6

AAAR88AA2AAAACDAAH    54      131   7

AAAR88AA2AAAACDAAI    54      131   8

AAAR88AA2AAAACDAAJ    54      131   9

10 rows selected.

2.三、查詢索引所在的塊

SQL> select owner,segment_name,header_file,header_block,blocks from dba_segments where owner='ZX1' and segment_name='T_OBJ_ID';

OWNER         SEGMENT_NAME             HEADER_FILE  HEADER_BLOCK     BLOCKS

--------------- ------------------------------ -----------   ------------   ----------

ZX1            T_OBJ_ID              54        1154          384

2.四、建立數據壞塊

[oracle@oracle18c1 ~]$ rman target sys/Pa44w0rd@192.168.5.40:1521/mypdb1

Recovery Manager: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Jun 5 14:19:25 2020

Version 18.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: MYCDB:MYPDB1 (DBID=2302914177)

RMAN> blockrecover datafile 54 block 131 clear;

Starting recover at 05-JUN-20

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=209 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2

channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=204 device type=DISK

Finished recover at 05-JUN-20

2.五、建立索引壞塊

RMAN> blockrecover datafile 54 block 1159 clear;

Starting recover at 05-JUN-20

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2

channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=147 device type=DISK

Finished recover at 05-JUN-20

2.六、查詢觸發數據壞塊

SQL> select count(*) from zx1.t;

select count(*) from zx1.t

       *

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 54, block # 131)

ORA-01110: data file 54: '/opt/oracle/oradata/mycdb/mypdb1/jxc.dbf'

2.七、查詢觸發索引壞塊

SQL> select count(*) from zx1.t where object_id<=10000;

select count(*) from zx1.t where object_id<=10000

       *

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 54, block # 1159)

ORA-01110: data file 54: '/opt/oracle/oradata/mycdb/mypdb1/jxc.dbf'

2.八、使用dbv工具檢驗壞塊信息

[oracle@oracle18c1 ~]$ dbv file=/opt/oracle/oradata/mycdb/mypdb1/jxc.dbf

DBVERIFY: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Jun 5 15:48:49 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /opt/oracle/oradata/mycdb/mypdb1/jxc.dbf

Page 131 is marked corrupt

Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0d800083 (file 54, block 131)

Bad check value found during dbv: 

Data in bad block:

 type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x0d800083

 last change scn: 0x0000.0000.003a64ed seq: 0x2 flg: 0x04

 spare3: 0x0

 consistency value in tail: 0x64ed0602

 check value in block header: 0xf584

 computed block checksum: 0x6100

Page 1159 is marked corrupt

Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0d800487 (file 54, block 1159)

Bad check value found during dbv: 

Data in bad block:

 type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x0d800487

 last change scn: 0x4700.0000.003a651a seq: 0x2 flg: 0x04

 spare3: 0x0

 consistency value in tail: 0x651a0602

 check value in block header: 0x2fe7

 computed block checksum: 0x4700

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Pages Examined         : 128000

Total Pages Processed (Data) : 937

Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0

Total Pages Processed (Index): 322

Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0

Total Pages Processed (Other): 165

Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0

Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0

Total Pages Empty            : 126574

Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 2

Total Pages Influx           : 0

Total Pages Encrypted        : 0

Highest block SCN            : 3827002 (0.3827002)

2.9 validate 命令驗證

[oracle@oracle18c1 ~]$ rman target sys/Pa44w0rd@192.168.5.40/mypdb1

Recovery Manager: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Jun 5 15:50:21 2020

Version 18.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: MYCDB:MYPDB1 (DBID=2302914177)

RMAN> validate datafile 54;

Starting validate at 05-JUN-20

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=213 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2

channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=10 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) for validation

input datafile file number=00054 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/mycdb/mypdb1/jxc.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

List of Datafiles

=================

File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN

---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------

54   FAILED 0              126574       128000          3827002   

  File Name: /opt/oracle/oradata/mycdb/mypdb1/jxc.dbf

  Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed

  ---------- -------------- ----------------

  Data        1               938             

  Index       1               323             

  Other       0               165             

validate found one or more corrupt blocks

See trace file /opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/mycdb/mycdb/trace/mycdb_ora_18140.trc for details

Finished validate at 05-JUN-20

注意：該視圖的更新須要執行validate命令。

SQL> select * from V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION;

     FILE#     BLOCK#   BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO   CON_ID

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ --------- ----------

54       131        1     3826925          CHECKSUM        3

54      1159        1   5.1161E+18         CHECKSUM        3

2.十、索引壞塊修復

SQL> alter index ZX1.T_OBJ_ID rebuild online;

Index altered.

SQL> select * from V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION;

FILE#     BLOCK#   BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE#    CORRUPTIO    CON_ID

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------  ---------    ----------

54        131        1      3826925      CHECKSUM      3

54       1159        1      5.1161E+18    CHECKSUM      3

SQL> select count(*) from ZX1.T where object_id<=20000;

  COUNT(*)

----------

  39534

2.十一、數據壞塊修復

一、無備份時處理

SQL> select count(*) from ZX1.T;

select count(*) from ZX1.T

                         *

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 54, block # 131)

ORA-01110: data file 54: '/opt/oracle/oradata/mycdb/mypdb1/jxc.dbf'

SQL> alter system set events='10231 trace name context forever,level 10';

System altered.

SQL> select count(*) from ZX1.T;

  COUNT(*)

----------

    145362

二、有rman備份時處理

[oracle@oracle18c1 ~]$ rman target sys/Pa44w0rd@192.168.5.40/mypdb1

Recovery Manager: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Jun 5 16:19:30 2020

Version 18.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: MYCDB:MYPDB1 (DBID=2302914177)

RMAN> recover datafile 54 block 131;

Starting recover at 05-JUN-20

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=84 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2

channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=152 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s)

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying block(s) to restore from backup set

restoring blocks of datafile 00054

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /backup/fullbk.1qv1vvtp_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/backup/fullbk.1qv1vvtp_1_1 tag=TAG20200605T112752

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored block(s) from backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: block restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

starting media recovery

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished recover at 05-JUN-20

RMAN> select count(*) from ZX1.T;

    COUNT(*)

  ----------

    145700

3、只有數據泵備份時處理方式

方式1

[oracle@oracle ~]$ impdp  directory=dump dumpfile=bfapp20.dump SCHEMAS=BFAPP20 include=table:"\=\'T_OBJ\'"

Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Mar 25 19:47:03 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Username: / as sysdba

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining

and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  /******** AS SYSDBA directory=dump dumpfile=bfapp20.dump SCHEMAS=BFAPP20 include=table:\=\'T_OBJ\' 

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "BFAPP20"."T_OBJ"                           2.385 MB   74914 rows

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 19:47:10

方式2

[oracle@oracle ~]$ impdp  directory=dump dumpfile=bfapp20.dump tables=BFAPP20.T_OBJ 

Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Mar 25 19:47:35 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Username: / as sysdba

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining

and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":  /******** AS SYSDBA directory=dump dumpfile=bfapp20.dump tables=BFAPP20.T_OBJ 

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "BFAPP20"."T_OBJ"                           2.385 MB   74914 rows

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 19:47:42