以前已經介紹了OpenStack Swift集羣和Keystone的安裝部署,最後來說一講Swift集羣與Keystone的整合使用吧。php
本文檔描述了Keystone與Swift集羣的整合使用方法,即Swift經過Keystone完成用戶的身份認證與權限控制,而不是採用自帶的TempAuth。本文檔假定以下前提條件:html
爲了可以讓Swift經過Keystone完成用戶的身份認證與權限控制,咱們須要在完成Keystone與Swift集羣部署的基礎上,稍做修改。前端
|
PC 1python |
PC 2linux |
PC 3git |
機器類型:github |
PC物理機sql |
PC物理機數據庫 |
PC物理機json |
操做系統: |
Ubuntu-12.04-desktop (64位) |
Ubuntu-12.04-desktop (64位) |
Ubuntu-12.04-desktop (64位) |
用戶類型: |
root |
root |
root |
數據庫: |
sqlite3 |
sqlite3 |
sqlite3 |
IP地址: |
192.168.3.67(局域網) |
192.168.3.52(局域網) |
192.168.3.53(局域網) |
Keystone: |
是 |
|
|
Proxy Server: |
|
是 |
是 |
Storage Server: |
|
是 |
是 |
Auth: |
|
Keystone |
Keystone |
Token緩存: |
|
memcached |
memcached |
可參照文檔《Keystone安裝部署流程》和《Swift集羣部署流程》。Swift須要調用python-keystoneclient中的組件來訪問Keystone,所以須要爲其安裝python-keystoneclient(可採用安裝Keystone依賴項的方式)。所以,請務必確保各處安裝的Keystone與python-keystoneclient的版本統一,不然可能出現版本兼容性問題(我就曾遇到Swift中安裝的python-keystoneclient和PC1上的Keystone服務的版本不統一,致使的版本兼容性問題,沒法經過驗證,最後從新下載安裝全部的python-keystoneclient與Keystone才予以解決)。
PC1上已經按照文檔《Keystone安裝部署流程》部署了Keystone,在整合使用過程當中無需進行修改。爲完整演示Keystone與Swift集羣的整合使用過程,咱們須要清空Keystone的記錄的數據。先刪除存儲Keystone數據的DB文件,而後同步數據庫schema並啓動Keystone服務便可。
# rm -f ~/keystone.db # keystone-manage db_sync # keystone-all |
PC2和PC3上已經按照文檔《Swift集羣部署流程》部署了Swift集羣,爲了使其能經過Keystone完成用戶的身份認證與權限控制,須要對PC2和PC3做出必定的修改。如下操做同時應用於PC2和PC3。
1. 停掉Swift的全部服務。
# stopall |
2. Swift須要調用python-keystoneclient中的組件來訪問Keystone,所以須要爲其安裝python-keystoneclient。爲了不版本兼容性問題,推薦採用安裝Keystone依賴項的方式,固然你也能夠獨立地去下載安裝python-keystoneclient。我從git上獲取最新的Keystone Service代碼,安裝Keystone的依賴項,並將Keystone安裝到Python的package裏。這裏只安裝依賴項中的tools/pip-requires便可,該依賴項中包含了python-keystoneclient。若是安裝了tools/test-requires則會覆蓋掉已安裝的Swift,你就須要本身從新安裝Swift了,這在文檔《Keystone安裝部署流程》中已詳細說明。
# cd ~ # git clone https://github.com/openstack/keystone.git # cd ~/keystone # pip install -r tools/pip-requires # python setup.py install |
3. 修改Swift中的proxy-server配置文件/etc/swift/proxy-server.conf。在其中添加authtoken與keystoneauth組件,並將pipeline中的tempauth改成authtoken與keystoneauth,表示採用Keystone而不是TempAuth來完成用戶身份認證和權限控制。authtoken是python-keystoneclient中的組件,用於訪問Keystone;keystoneauth是Swift中的組件,用於一些附加的條件設置。
[DEFAULT] bind_port = 8080 user = root workers = 8 log_facility = LOG_LOCAL1
[pipeline:main] pipeline = healthcheck cache authtoken keystoneauth proxy-logging proxy-server
[app:proxy-server] use = egg:swift#proxy allow_account_management = true account_autocreate = true
[filter:tempauth] use = egg:swift#tempauth user_admin_admin = admin .admin .reseller_admin user_test_tester = testing .admin user_test2_tester2 = testing2 .admin user_test_tester3 = testing3 reseller_prefix = AUTH token_life = 86400
[filter:authtoken] paste.filter_factory = keystoneclient.middleware.auth_token:filter_factory # 如下各項是根據Keystone配置文件中的參數及其所在PC來設置的。 auth_host = 192.168.3.67 # Keystone提供的認證受權、系統管理服務的IP地址,一般爲內網。 auth_port = 35357 # Keystone提供的認證受權、系統管理服務監聽的端口,一般爲內網。 auth_protocol = http # 訪問Keystone所使用的協議,http或https service_host = 192.168.3.67 # Keystone提供的認證受權服務的IP地址,一般爲公網(外網),也能夠是內網 service_port = 5000 # Keystone提供的認證受權服務監聽的端口,一般爲公網(外網),也能夠是內網。 admin_token = ADMIN # admin_token參數是用來訪問Keystone服務的,即Keystone服務的Token。可使用該Token訪問Keystone服務、查看信息、建立其餘服務等。
[filter:keystoneauth] use = egg:swift#keystoneauth operator_roles = adminRole, swiftoperator # 容許訪問並使用Swift的角色 reseller_prefix = AUTH_ # account的命名前綴,注意此處必須加「_」。 # 例如http://192.168.3.52:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5
[filter:healthcheck] use = egg:swift#healthcheck
[filter:cache] use = egg:swift#memcache memcache_servers = 192.168.3.52:11211,192.168.3.53:11211
[filter:proxy-logging] use = egg:swift#proxy_logging |
4. 至此,咱們已經完成了對Swift的修改。如今能夠啓動Swift服務了
# startmain 或 # startall |
咱們將建立名稱爲adminTenant的Tenant(租戶)、名稱爲admin的User(用戶)以及名稱爲adminRole的Role(角色),並將它們關聯起來。最終的結果表現爲:一個名叫admin的用戶,擁有名爲adminRole的角色身份,而且可以使用名爲adminTennant的租戶。須要說明的是:2.4節中配置文件裏的「operator_roles = adminRole, swiftoperator」項代表,角色爲adminRole或swiftoperator的用戶才能訪問Swift,因此此處才選擇建立adminRole角色。
1. 建立Tenant,租戶名爲adminTenant,描述信息爲Admin Tenant。請記住該命令生成的Tenant id,下面添加User時須要用到。
# keystone tenant-create --name adminTenant --description "Admin Tenant" --enabled true |
+-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | Admin Tenant | | enabled | True | | id | 54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 | | name | adminTenant | +-------------+----------------------------------+ |
2. 建立User,用戶名爲admin,密碼爲openstack。請記住該命令生成的User id,下面的關聯命令須要用到。
# keystone user-create --tenant_id 54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 --name admin --pass openstack --enabled true |
+----------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+----------------------------------+ | email | | | enabled | True | | id | b14c99dbaad14a78a37aa7361201062f | | name | admin | | tenantId | 54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 | +----------+----------------------------------+ |
3. 建立Role,角色名爲adminRole。請記住該命令生成的Role id,下面的關聯命令須要用到。
# keystone role-create --name adminRole |
+----------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+----------------------------------+ | id | 1bf9a3ac155d4fd4abe5646abcc0de7a | | name | adminRole | +----------+----------------------------------+ |
4. 至此,咱們已經建立了一個Ttenant,一個Uuser以及一個Rrole,它們的id分別是:
tenant_id:54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 user_id:b14c99dbaad14a78a37aa7361201062f role_id:1bf9a3ac155d4fd4abe5646abcc0de7a |
5. 最後,咱們要使用上述三個id,並經過下面的命令來將三者關聯起來。
# keystone user-role-add --user-id b14c99dbaad14a78a37aa7361201062f --tenant-id 54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 --role-id 1bf9a3ac155d4fd4abe5646abcc0de7a |
此時,讓咱們再使用list命令查看一下Tenant、User和Role的信息。
# keystone tenant-list |
+----------------------------------+-------------+---------+ | id | name | enabled | +----------------------------------+-------------+---------+ | 54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 | adminTenant | True | +----------------------------------+-------------+---------+ |
# keystone user-list |
+----------------------------------+-------+---------+-------+ | id | name | enabled | email | +----------------------------------+-------+---------+-------+ | b14c99dbaad14a78a37aa7361201062f | admin | True | | +----------------------------------+-------+---------+-------+ |
注:「_member_」角色是Keystone預設的,彷佛會和每一個用戶關聯。這是新版本Keystone中出現的,目的暫時不明。
# keystone role-list |
+----------------------------------+-----------+ | id | name | +----------------------------------+-----------+ | 9fe2ff9ee4384b1894a90878d3e92bab | _member_ | | 1bf9a3ac155d4fd4abe5646abcc0de7a | adminRole | +----------------------------------+-----------+ |
爲了讓上面建立的用戶可以使用Swift存儲服務,咱們將建立名稱爲Swift的Service(服務),而後根據現有Swift集羣的狀況爲租戶添加Endpoint(端點,服務入口),而後用戶就可以訪問Endpoint來使用Swift存儲服務了。須要說明的是:服務和租戶關聯後成爲Endpoint,即該租戶可以使用該服務,不一樣服務和不一樣租戶的組合會產生不一樣的Endpoint;同時,用戶又會和租戶相關聯,代表用戶可以使用該租戶;因而,只要用戶所屬的角色被容許訪問Swift,那麼該用戶就能真正地訪問並使用Swift了;
1. 建立Service,服務名爲Swift,服務類型爲object-store,描述信息爲Swift Object Store Service。請記住該命令生成的Service id,下面添加Endpoint時須要用到。
# keystone service-create --name=Swift --type=object-store --description="Swift Object Store Service" |
+-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | Swift Object Store Service | | id | cab139be777545a893d1bd26a03730c9 | | name | Swift | | type | object-store | +-------------+----------------------------------+ |
2. 因爲咱們的Swift是集羣,而且有兩個Proxy Server,若是Swift前端存在某種負載均衡設備,那麼該負載均衡設備就是惟一的Endpoint(服務入口),用戶經過Keystone的認證後,得到的就是這個負載均衡設備的訪問地址;然而,咱們沒有負載均衡設備,這就意味着Swift存在兩個Endpoint(服務入口),分別爲PC2和PC3,用戶經過Keystone的認證後,應該能夠同時得到這兩個Endpoint,而後隨意選取一個來訪問。所以,咱們須要爲租戶添加兩個Endpoint,分別對應PC2和PC3。
#keystone endpoint-create --region RegionOne --service_id cab139be777545a893d1bd26a03730c9 --publicurl http://192.168.3.52:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 --adminurl http://192.168.3.52:8080 --internalurl http://192.168.3.52:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | adminurl | http://192.168.3.52:8080 | | id | 6f12e2e82ca44c789c18bdb9d4bbd0dc | | internalurl | http://192.168.3.52:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 | | publicurl | http://192.168.3.52:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 | | region | RegionOne | | service_id | cab139be777545a893d1bd26a03730c9 | +-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
# keystone endpoint-create --region RegionTwo --service_id cab139be777545a893d1bd26a03730c9 --publicurl http://192.168.3.53:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 --adminurl http://192.168.3.53:8080 --internalurl http://192.168.3.53:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | adminurl | http://192.168.3.53:8080 | | id | 2722feff369b4c2d99fca9e4414276b4 | | internalurl | http://192.168.3.53:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 | | publicurl | http://192.168.3.53:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 | | region | RegionTwo | | service_id | cab139be777545a893d1bd26a03730c9 | +-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
這裏解釋一下上面的命令:region表示域,本來同一個服務和同一個租戶關聯產生的Endpoint是惟一的,爲使其能支持多個Endpoint(如上文中的PC2和PC3),便加入了域的概念,即同一個服務和同一個租戶能夠關聯產生多個Endpoint,每一個Endpoint用region來標示加以區別,如上面的RegionOne和RegionTwo;publicurl表示該Endpoint的公網(外網)服務入口(普通服務);adminurl表示該Endpoint的管理員服務入口,通常爲內網;internalurl表示該Endpoint的內網服務入口(普通服務);本文檔的前提環境爲局域網,所以publicurl和internalurl能夠設置爲相同的;192.168.3.52和192.168.3.53分別是PC2和PC3的IP地址;AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5是「AUTH_」前綴加租戶ID,「AUTH_」前綴在2.4節中已有介紹,而租戶ID則代表這些Endpoint是由某個特定的租戶和Service關聯產生的。
最後,讓咱們再使用list命令查看一下Service和Endpoint的信息。
# keystone endpoint-list |
+----------------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+ | id | region | publicurl | internalurl | adminurl | service_id | +----------------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+ | 2722feff369b4c2d99fca9e4414276b4 | RegionTwo | http://192.168.3.53:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 | http://192.168.3.53:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 | http://192.168.3.53:8080 | cab139be777545a893d1bd26a03730c9 | | 6f12e2e82ca44c789c18bdb9d4bbd0dc | RegionOne | http://192.168.3.52:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 | http://192.168.3.52:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 | http://192.168.3.52:8080 | cab139be777545a893d1bd26a03730c9 | +----------------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+----------------------------------+ |
1. 上面已經完成了Tenant、User、Role、Service和Endpoint的建立,因而咱們就能夠訪問Keystone,來獲取Token和Endpoint了。咱們使用curl命令來訪問Keyston,該命令須要給定四個參數,即tenantName(租戶名,也可理解爲帳戶名)、username(用戶名)、password(用戶密碼)以及認證與受權申請的地址(http://192.168.3.67:35357/v2.0/tokens或http://192.168.3.67:5000/v2.0/tokens都可)。此外,返回信息會以json格式展示。返回信息比較全面,包括了token和不一樣region的Endpoint,以下所示:
# curl -d '{"auth": {"tenantName": "adminTenant", "passwordCredentials":{"username": "admin", "password": "openstack"}}}' -H "Content-type: application/json" http://192.168.3.67:5000/v2.0/tokens | python -mjson.tool |
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 1301 0 1192 100 109 19348 1769 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 19866 { "access": { "metadata": { "is_admin": 0, "roles": [ "9fe2ff9ee4384b1894a90878d3e92bab", "1bf9a3ac155d4fd4abe5646abcc0de7a" ] }, "serviceCatalog": [ { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://192.168.3.52:8080", "id": "482686e2d58644f99971733c3f53f480", "internalURL": "http://192.168.3.52:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5", "publicURL": "http://192.168.3.52:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5", "region": "RegionOne" }, { "adminURL": "http://192.168.3.53:8080", "id": "ec6489bafae448088f09c51ddacebeaf", "internalURL": "http://192.168.3.53:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5", "publicURL": "http://192.168.3.53:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5", "region": "RegionTwo" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "Swift", "type": "object-store" } ], "token": { "expires": "2013-04-09T13:51:07Z", "id": "c8d5d45c42484c7d81d6d2ddd1c1258b", "issued_at": "2013-04-08T13:51:07.553241", "tenant": { "description": "Admin Tenant", "enabled": true, "id": "54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5", "name": "adminTenant" } }, "user": { "id": "b14c99dbaad14a78a37aa7361201062f", "name": "admin", "roles": [ { "name": "_member_" }, { "name": "adminRole" } ], "roles_links": [], "username": "admin" } } } |
2. 接着就能夠用獲取到的token和Endpoint訪問Swift服務了。先用其中一個Endpoint(PC2)查看該Account的信息。
# curl -v -H 'X-Auth-Token: c8d5d45c42484c7d81d6d2ddd1c1258b' http://192.168.3.52:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 |
* About to connect() to 192.168.3.52 port 8080 (#0) * Trying 192.168.3.52... connected * Connected to 192.168.3.52 (192.168.3.52) port 8080 (#0) > GET /v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.21.6 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.21.6 OpenSSL/1.0.0e zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.22 librtmp/2.3 > Host: 192.168.3.52:8080 > Accept: */* > X-Auth-Token: c8d5d45c42484c7d81d6d2ddd1c1258b > < HTTP/1.1 204 No Content < Content-Length: 0 < Accept-Ranges: bytes < X-Timestamp: 1365429097.95942 < X-Account-Bytes-Used: 0 < X-Account-Container-Count: 0 < Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 < X-Account-Object-Count: 0 < Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2013 13:51:38 GMT < * Connection #0 to host 192.168.3.52 left intact * Closing connection #0 |
# curl -X HEAD -i -H 'X-Auth-Token: c8d5d45c42484c7d81d6d2ddd1c1258b' http://192.168.3.52:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 |
HTTP/1.1 204 No Content Content-Length: 0 Accept-Ranges: bytes X-Timestamp: 1365429097.95942 X-Account-Bytes-Used: 0 X-Account-Container-Count: 0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 X-Account-Object-Count: 0 Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2013 13:52:18 GMT |
3. 再嘗試另外一個Endpoint(PC3)查看該的Account信息。
# curl -v -H 'X-Auth-Token: c8d5d45c42484c7d81d6d2ddd1c1258b' http://192.168.3.53:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 |
* About to connect() to 192.168.3.53 port 8080 (#0) * Trying 192.168.3.53... connected * Connected to 192.168.3.53 (192.168.3.53) port 8080 (#0) > GET /v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.21.6 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.21.6 OpenSSL/1.0.0e zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.22 librtmp/2.3 > Host: 192.168.3.53:8080 > Accept: */* > X-Auth-Token: c8d5d45c42484c7d81d6d2ddd1c1258b > < HTTP/1.1 204 No Content < Content-Length: 0 < Accept-Ranges: bytes < X-Timestamp: 1365429097.95942 < X-Account-Bytes-Used: 0 < X-Account-Container-Count: 0 < Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 < X-Account-Object-Count: 0 < Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2013 13:53:07 GMT < * Connection #0 to host 192.168.3.53 left intact * Closing connection #0 |
4. 獲取該Account中的Container列表,因爲不曾建立Container,因此是空的。
# curl -X GET -H 'X-Auth-Token: c8d5d45c42484c7d81d6d2ddd1c1258b' http://192.168.3.53:8080/v1/AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 |
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1. 接着,咱們使用Swift客戶端進行測試。先查看該Account的信息,提交的參數是Keystone的訪問地址、租戶名、用戶名、用戶密碼。
# swift -V 2 -A http://192.168.3.67:5000/v2.0 -U adminTenant:admin -K openstack stat |
Account: AUTH_54d3db64adfc4731b5222cac974f8bc5 Containers: 0 Objects: 0 Bytes: 0 Accept-Ranges: bytes X-Timestamp: 1365429097.95942 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 |
2. 獲取該Account中的Container列表,因爲不曾建立Container,因此是空的。
# swift -V 2 -A http://192.168.3.67:5000/v2.0 -U adminTenant:admin -K openstack list |
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3. 在該Account中建立幾個Container。經過查看PC2和PC3上Storage Server的存儲目錄,能夠看到5個Container中有3個存儲在PC2上,2個存儲在PC3上。
# swift -V 2 -A http://192.168.3.67:5000/v2.0 -U adminTenant:admin -K openstack post myContainer1 # swift -V 2 -A http://192.168.3.67:5000/v2.0 -U adminTenant:admin -K openstack post myContainer2 # swift -V 2 -A http://192.168.3.67:5000/v2.0 -U adminTenant:admin -K openstack post myContainer3 # swift -V 2 -A http://192.168.3.67:5000/v2.0 -U adminTenant:admin -K openstack post myContainer4 # swift -V 2 -A http://192.168.3.67:5000/v2.0 -U adminTenant:admin -K openstack post myContainer5 |
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4. 再次獲取該Account中的Container列表。
# swift -V 2 -A http://192.168.3.67:5000/v2.0 -U adminTenant:admin -K openstack list |
myContainer1 myContainer2 myContainer3 myContainer4 myContainer5 |
上述使用實例闡述瞭如何用Keystone爲Swift集羣提供身份認證與權限控制。結果代表,Keystone正確地爲多Proxy Server的Swift集羣提供了身份認證與權限控制。至此,你應該已經完整地瞭解了Keystone和Swift集羣的整合使用。
http://docs.openstack.org/developer/keystone/middlewarearchitecture.html
https://bugs.launchpad.net/python-keystoneclient/+bug/1159911
http://liangbo.me/index.php/2012/03/29/openstack-hands-on-lab-2-swift-installation-with-keystone/
http://secstack.org/docs/swift_docs/swift.common.middleware.keystoneauth.KeystoneAuth-class.html