小型機IBM P550 AIX 更換硬盤步驟 操做LVM及文件系統

一、列出系統上全部硬盤

# lspv
hdisk0          00f6ee8a7017d102                   rootvg          active


二、插入2塊新硬盤，再次查看

lspv 查看設備上全部的硬盤，顯示是否有ID，屬於哪一個VG，是否激活

# lspv
hdisk0          00f6ee8a7017d102                    rootvg          active
hdisk1          None                                None
hdisk2          None                                None

三、新硬盤換上去是none，須要啓用此硬盤（分配ID），且加入卷組（加入卷組才能被文件系統使用）
# chdev -l hdisk1 -a pv=yes

hdisk1 changed

# lspv
hdisk0          00f6ee8a7017d102                    rootvg          active
hdisk1          00f6ee8a7374ce47                    None           
hdisk2          00cc10bdfb23ea2a            None

四、建立VG，把硬盤加入到VG
# smit vg

                                                      Volume Groups

Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.

  List All Volume Groups
  Add a Volume Group
  Set Characteristics of a Volume Group
  List Contents of a Volume Group
  Remove a Volume Group
  Activate a Volume Group
  Deactivate a Volume Group
  Import a Volume Group
  Export a Volume Group
  Mirror a Volume Group
  Unmirror a Volume Group
  Synchronize LVM Mirrors
  Back Up a Volume Group
  Remake a Volume Group
  Preview Information about a Backup
  Verify the Readability of a Backup (Tape only)
  View the Backup Log
  List Files in a Volume Group Backup
  Restore Files in a Volume Group Backup





                                 
F1=Help                       F2=Refresh                     F3=Cancel                     Esc+8=Image
Esc+9=Shell                   Esc+0=Exit                     Enter=Do









                                                    Add a Volume Group

Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.

  Add an Original Volume Group
  Add a Big Volume Group
  Add a Scalable Volume Group





# smit vg

                                               Add an Original Volume Group

Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
 
                                                        [Entry Fields]
  VOLUME GROUP name                                  []
  Physical partition SIZE in megabytes                                                                                 +
* PHYSICAL VOLUME names                              []                                                                +
  Force the creation of a volume group?               no                                                               +
  Activate volume group AUTOMATICALLY                 yes                                                              +
    at system restart?
  Volume Group MAJOR NUMBER                          []                                                                +#
  Create VG Concurrent Capable?                       no

第一行填寫VG名稱
第二行填寫VG的PP大小，未填寫則使用默認值
第三回選擇（esc+4）使用哪一個pv來建立VG


建立完成查看VG
# lsvg
rootvg
testvg

五、有了VG，能夠建立LV、建立fs、掛載fs

# smit lv

                                                   Add a Logical Volume

Type or select a value for the entry field.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
 
                                                        [Entry Fields]
* VOLUME GROUP name                                  [testvg]

選擇要建立lv的vg，開始建立

                                                   Add a Logical Volume

Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
 
[TOP]                                                   [Entry Fields]
  Logical volume NAME                                []
* VOLUME GROUP name                                   testvg
* Number of LOGICAL PARTITIONS                       []                                                                 #
  PHYSICAL VOLUME names                              []                                                                +
  Logical volume TYPE                                []                                                                +
  POSITION on physical volume                         middle                                                           +
  RANGE of physical volumes                           minimum                                                          +
  MAXIMUM NUMBER of PHYSICAL VOLUMES                 []                                                                 #
    to use for allocation
  Number of COPIES of each logical                    1                                                                +
    partition
  Mirror Write Consistency?                           active                                                           +
  Allocate each logical partition copy                yes                                                              +
    on a SEPARATE physical volume?
  RELOCATE the logical volume during                  yes                                                              +
    reorganization?
  Logical volume LABEL                               []
  MAXIMUM NUMBER of LOGICAL PARTITIONS               [512]                                                              #
  Enable BAD BLOCK relocation?                        yes                                                              +
  SCHEDULING POLICY for reading/writing               parallel                                                         +
[MORE...5]


輸入lv的name
能夠使用的lp數量
使用的pv
lv type，文件系統類型   jfs2爲日誌文件系統


建立完成便可建立文件系統，掛載文件系統
                                                       File Systems

Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.

  List All File Systems
  List All Mounted File Systems
  Add / Change / Show / Delete File Systems
  Mount a File System
  Mount a Group of File Systems
  Unmount a File System
  Unmount a Group of File Systems
  Verify a File System
  Backup a File System
  Restore a File System
  List Contents of a Backup
  Create and back up a snapshot


# smit fs

                                          Add an Enhanced Journaled File System

Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
 
                                                        [Entry Fields]
  Volume group name                                   testvg
  SIZE of file system
          Unit Size                                   Megabytes                                                        +
*         Number of units                            []                                                                 #
* MOUNT POINT                                        []
  Mount AUTOMATICALLY at system restart?              no                                                               +
  PERMISSIONS                                         read/write                                                       +
  Mount OPTIONS                                      []                                                                +
  Block Size (bytes)                                  4096                                                             +
  Logical Volume for Log                                                                                               +
  Inline Log size (MBytes)                           []                                                                 #
  Extended Attribute Format                           Version 1                                                        +
  ENABLE Quota Management?  

填寫此文件系統使用多少個M
選擇掛載點

完成後掛載此文件系統便可

                                                   Mount a File System

Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
 
                                                        [Entry Fields]
  FILE SYSTEM name                                   []                                                                +
  DIRECTORY over which to mount                      []                                                                +
  TYPE of file system                                                                                                  +
  FORCE the mount?                                    no                                                               +
  REMOTE NODE containing the file system             []
    to mount
  Mount as a REMOVABLE file system?                   no                                                               +
  Mount as a READ-ONLY system?                        no                                                               +
  Disallow DEVICE access via this mount?              no                                                               +
  Disallow execution of SUID and sgid programs        no                                                               +
    in this file system?

而後查看vg中的lv是否被建立（這裏每一個LP都對應有1個PV，說明此vg沒有作鏡像raid1.
若是有鏡像，則會顯示每一個LP（邏輯分區）對應兩倍的PP（物理分區），也就是PP是LP的兩倍）
# lsvg -l testvg
testvg:
LV NAME             TYPE       LPs   PPs   PVs  LV STATE      MOUNT POINT
testlv1             jfs        2     2     2    closed/syncd  N/A
loglv00             jfs2log    1     1     2    open/syncd    N/A
fslv01              jfs2       16    16    2    open/syncd    /dir2
#

再查看hdisk2裏面是否存在lv和文件系統
# lspv -l hdisk2
hdisk2:
LV NAME               LPs   PPs   DISTRIBUTION          MOUNT POINT
loglv00               1     1     00..01..00..00..00    N/A
fslv01                16    16    00..16..00..00..00    /dir2
testlv1               2     2     00..02..00..00..00    N/A
#

# df -m
Filesystem    MB blocks      Free %Used    Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4         128.00    116.51    9%     1610     6% /
/dev/hd2        1280.00    110.46   92%    27968    51% /usr
/dev/hd9var      128.00    119.88    7%      348     2% /var
/dev/hd3        1152.00   1148.43    1%       63     1% /tmp
/dev/fwdump      384.00    319.45   17%        5     1% /var/adm/ras/platform
/dev/hd1         128.00    127.61    1%       11     1% /home
/proc                 -         -    -         -     -  /proc
/dev/hd10opt     128.00     55.39   57%     2320    16% /opt
/dev/fslv01     2048.00   2047.36    1%        5     1% /dir2
# mount
  node       mounted        mounted over    vfs       date        options      
-------- ---------------  ---------------  ------ ------------ ---------------
         /dev/hd4         /                jfs2   Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /dev/hd2         /usr             jfs2   Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /dev/hd9var      /var             jfs2   Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /dev/hd3         /tmp             jfs2   Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /dev/fwdump      /var/adm/ras/platform jfs2   Jan 01 22:40 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /dev/hd1         /home            jfs2   Jan 01 22:40 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /proc            /proc            procfs Jan 01 22:40 rw              
         /dev/hd10opt     /opt             jfs2   Jan 01 22:40 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /dev/fslv01      /dir2            jfs2   Jan 01 23:26 rw,log=/dev/loglv00
#


文件系統是否存在且已經掛載

# df -m
Filesystem    MB blocks      Free %Used    Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4         128.00    116.51    9%     1610     6% /
/dev/hd2        1280.00    110.46   92%    27968    51% /usr
/dev/hd9var      128.00    119.88    7%      348     2% /var
/dev/hd3        1152.00   1148.43    1%       63     1% /tmp
/dev/fwdump      384.00    319.45   17%        5     1% /var/adm/ras/platform
/dev/hd1         128.00    127.61    1%       11     1% /home
/proc                 -         -    -         -     -  /proc
/dev/hd10opt     128.00     55.39   57%     2320    16% /opt
/dev/fslv01     2048.00   2047.36    1%        5     1% /dir2
# mount
  node       mounted        mounted over    vfs       date        options      
-------- ---------------  ---------------  ------ ------------ ---------------
         /dev/hd4         /                jfs2   Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /dev/hd2         /usr             jfs2   Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /dev/hd9var      /var             jfs2   Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /dev/hd3         /tmp             jfs2   Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /dev/fwdump      /var/adm/ras/platform jfs2   Jan 01 22:40 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /dev/hd1         /home            jfs2   Jan 01 22:40 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /proc            /proc            procfs Jan 01 22:40 rw              
         /dev/hd10opt     /opt             jfs2   Jan 01 22:40 rw,log=/dev/hd8
         /dev/fslv01      /dir2            jfs2   Jan 01 23:26 rw,log=/dev/loglv00
#


/dev/fslv01就是我建立的大小爲2G，掛載到/dir2目錄下的文件系統




六、建立lvm鏡像，保護文件系統，至關於raid1

把第三塊盤hdisk2也加入到testvg，硬盤只有在同一個VG中才能相互作鏡像

extendvg testvg hdisk2

查看下
# lspv
hdisk0          00cb5c8e000ce37c                    rootvg          active
hdisk1          00cb5c8e0014cf4b                    testvg          active
hdisk2          00cc10bdfb23ea2a                    testvg          active

開始作鏡像
# smit mirrorvg

                                                  Mirror a Volume Group

Type or select a value for the entry field.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.

                                                        [Entry Fields]
* VOLUME GROUP name                                  [testvg]





                                                  Mirror a Volume Group

Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.

                                                        [Entry Fields]
* VOLUME GROUP name                                   testvg
  Mirror sync mode                                   [Foreground]                                                      +
  PHYSICAL VOLUME names                              []                                                                +
  Number of COPIES of each logical                    2                                                                +
    partition
  Keep Quorum Checking On?                            no                                                               +
  Create Exact LV Mapping?                            no                                                               +

完成之後再次查看vg詳情

# lsvg -l testvg
testvg:
LV NAME             TYPE       LPs   PPs   PVs  LV STATE      MOUNT POINT
testlv1             jfs        2     4     2    closed/syncd  N/A
loglv00             jfs2log    1     2     2    open/syncd    N/A
fslv01              jfs2       16    32    2    open/syncd    /dir2
#

如今每一個LP已經對應了兩個PP，說明testvg已經存在副本（copies），已經作了raid1鏡像。
這樣，hdisk1或者hdisk2任意一個pv壞掉，都不影響數據訪問。



七、實驗：假設hdisk1壞掉，hdisk，/dir2中的file是否還存在。如何更換新硬盤，重建raid1

# lspv
hdisk0          00cb5c8e000ce37c                    rootvg          active
hdisk1          00cb5c8e0014cf4b                    testvg          active
hdisk2          00cc10bdfb23ea2a                    testvg          active
           
# lsvg -p testvg
testvg:
PV_NAME           PV STATE          TOTAL PPs   FREE PPs    FREE DISTRIBUTION
hdisk1            active            546         527         110..90..109..109..109
hdisk2            active            546         527         110..90..109..109..109
#

拔掉hdisk1
# lspv
hdisk0          00cb5c8e000ce37c                    rootvg          active
hdisk1          00cb5c8e0014cf4b                    testvg          active
hdisk2          00cc10bdfb23ea2a                    testvg          active
           
# lsvg -p testvg
testvg:
PV_NAME           PV STATE          TOTAL PPs   FREE PPs    FREE DISTRIBUTION
hdisk1            active            546         527         110..90..109..109..109
hdisk2            active            546         527         110..90..109..109..109
#
lvm中顯示hdisk2還在。

# cat /dir2/file2

hi you
#

文件系統正常（由於已經在hdisk3中作了備份）

查看系統錯誤日誌errpt

# errpt
IDENTIFIER TIMESTAMP  T C RESOURCE_NAME  DESCRIPTION
8647C4E2   0102004170 P H hdisk2         DISK OPERATION ERROR
8647C4E2   0102004170 P H hdisk2         DISK OPERATION ERROR
8647C4E2   0102004170 P H hdisk2         DISK OPERATION ERROR
8647C4E2   0102004170 P H hdisk2         DISK OPERATION ERROR

顯示hdisk2不可操做




從新掃描設備

# cfgmgr

再查看testvg
# lsvg -p testvg
0516-034 : Failed to open VG special file. Probable causeis the VG was forced offline. Execute the varyoffvg and varyonvgcommands to bring the VG online.#

vg已經掉線

# lspv
hdisk0          00cb5c8e000ce37c                    rootvg          active
hdisk1          00cb5c8e0014cf4b                    datevg          active
hdisk2          00cc10bdfb23ea2a                    testvg          
hdisk3          00cc10bd0015b0e6                    testvg          
hdisk4          00cc10bd001c1225                    None

此時testvg下的文件系統已經只可讀，不可寫。



直接拔掉硬盤致使vg掛掉。（這不是硬盤壞掉更換硬盤的步驟）
正常步驟先去掉鏡像，踢出vg再拔掉壞盤。

如今插回hdisk2，也已經沒法回覆vg了。

只有重啓以後，VG才自帶恢復正常。

再次測試更換1塊硬盤，hdisk2
lspv
lspv -l hdisk2
lsvg -l testvg
lspv -p hdisk3
rmlvcopy fslv01 1 hdisk2    去掉hdisk2中作了鏡像的lv及fs
rmlvcopy loglv00 1 hdisk2


查看是否已經去掉
# lslv -l fslv01
fslv01:/dir2
PV                COPIES        IN BAND       DISTRIBUTION  
hdisk3            016:000:000   100%          000:016:000:000:000
fslv01已經不存在hdisk2裏面了
lspv -l hdisk2    
lsvg -l testvg

已經去掉了，能夠把hdisk2踢出vg

reducevg testvg hdisk2

lsvg -l testvg

# lspv
hdisk0          00cb5c8e000ce37c                    rootvg          active
hdisk1          00cb5c8e0014cf4b                    datevg          active
hdisk2          00cc10bdfb23ea2a                    None            
hdisk3          00cc10bd0015b0e6                    testvg          active
          


再而後，從系統中刪除hdisk2的磁盤定義

# rmdev -dl hdisk2                     
hdisk2 deleted
# lspv
hdisk0          00cb5c8e000ce37c                    rootvg          active
hdisk1          00cb5c8e0014cf4b                    datevg          active
hdisk3          00cc10bd0015b0e6                    testvg          active
           
# lsdev -Cc disk
hdisk0 Available 08-08-00-4,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk1 Available 08-08-00-5,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk3 Available 08-08-01-5,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk4 Available 08-08-01-8,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive

如今，hdisk2能夠從設備中拔出來了。
更換上新硬盤

讓系統掃描設備，發現新硬盤

# cfgmgr -v
lspv
lsdev -Cc disk
就能夠看到新硬盤


加入vg，建立鏡像

extendvg testvg hdisk2
# mklvcopy loglv00 2 hdisk2
# lspv -l hdisk2
hdisk2:
LV NAME               LPs   PPs   DISTRIBUTION          MOUNT POINT
loglv00      

分別把testvg中全部的lv和fs都mklvcopy一下。

查看狀態，fslv01已經存在copies了，分別在hdisk2和hdisk3中
# lslv -l fslv01
fslv01:/dir2
PV                COPIES        IN BAND       DISTRIBUTION  
hdisk3            016:000:000   100%          000:016:000:000:000
hdisk2            016:000:000   100%          000:016:000:000:000
#



# lsvg -l testvg
testvg:
LV NAME             TYPE       LPs   PPs   PVs  LV STATE      MOUNT POINT
testlv1             jfs        2     4     2    closed/stale  N/A
loglv00             jfs2log    1     2     2    open/stale    N/A
fslv01              jfs2       16    32    2    open/stale    /dir2

此時LV state狀態是stale，非正常的已經同步狀態


接着須要同步lv鏡像

# syncvg -p hdisk2

查看狀態
# lsvg -l testvg
testvg:
LV NAME             TYPE       LPs   PPs   PVs  LV STATE      MOUNT POINT
testlv1             jfs        2     4     2    closed/syncd  N/A
loglv00             jfs2log    1     2     2    open/syncd    N/A
fslv01              jfs2       16    32    2    open/syncd    /dir2
#

此時已經VG中的LV已經恢復正常，同步完成。

到此更換硬盤的整個步驟以及完成。



other :
清除機器面板黃燈告警。
# /usr/lpp/diagnostics/bin/usysfault -s normal