SignalR系列教程:服務器廣播與主動數據推送

本篇是本系列入門篇的最後一遍,因爲工做關係,接觸SignalR的時間不是不少。等下次有空的話我會寫一個利用「SignalR」開發一個在線聊天室的系列博文。近期的話我更偏向於更新框架設計相關的文章,到時候我會在文章中分享我在工做中開發的「日誌框架」、「緩存框架」,「分佈式下載框架」等。有興趣的朋友能夠關注我,一塊兒交流。html

本篇博文參考:https://www.asp.net/signalr/overview/getting-started/tutorial-server-broadcast-with-signalrjquery

本教程演示如何建立一個 web 應用程序使用 ASP.NET SignalR 2 提供的服務器廣播功能。服務器廣播意味着發送到客戶端的通訊由服務器啓動。咱們以前聊天室的項目是一個用戶提交數據後,服務器接收到消息,而後把消息廣播給當前全部的用戶。以下圖web

 

本教程所講的偏偏相反,咱們是由服務器自動把消息推送給當前全部用戶。如股票信息顯示:緩存

 

 

概述

在本教程中,咱們將會建立一個股票行情自動收錄的實時應用程序,在其中您想要按期"推"送數據,通知從服務器到全部鏈接的客戶端。在本教程的第一部分,你將從頭開始建立該應用程序的簡化的版本。在本教程的其他部分中,您會安裝 NuGet 包,其中包含額外的功能,並審查這些功能的代碼。安全

 

建立項目

咱們依然新建一個空項目,並使用「程序包管理控制檯」執行「Install-PackAge Microsoft.AspNet.SignaLR」安裝最新版本的SignaLR。服務器

安裝完成後會自動打開「readme.txt」文件,文中告訴咱們要新建一個Startup並註冊SignalR。原文以下app

To enable SignalR in your application, create a class called Startup with the following:

using Microsoft.Owin;
using Owin;
using MyWebApplication;

namespace MyWebApplication
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
        {
            app.MapSignalR();
        }
    }
} 

咱們按照它的來,新建一個Startup而後在Configuration中註冊SignalR路由。框架

 

建立代碼

咱們建立Stock用來存放股票詳細信息asp.net

public class Stock
    {
        private decimal _price;

        public string Symbol { get; set; }

        public decimal Price
        {
            get
            {
                return _price;
            }
            set
            {
                if (_price == value)
                {
                    return;
                }

                _price = value;

                if (DayOpen == 0)
                {
                    DayOpen = _price;
                }
            }
        }

        public decimal DayOpen { get; private set; }

        public decimal Change
        {
            get
            {
                return Price - DayOpen;
            }
        }

        public double PercentChange
        {
            get
            {
                return (double)Math.Round(Change / Price, 4);
            }
        }
    }

建立StockTicker和StockTickerHub的類

    咱們將在StockTickerHub類中定義和JS交互的代碼。咱們須要維護股票數據的更新和刪除,可是咱們不能在StockTickerHub類中進行操做,由於StockTickerHub類是不保存數據的,若是咱們把股票的CURD代碼放在StockTickerHub中可能會形成咱們的數據丟失。咱們利用VS添加新項選擇集線器V2,並替換成如下代碼dom

    [HubName("stockTickerMini")]
    public class StockTickerHub : Hub
    {
        private readonly StockTicker _stockTicker;

        public StockTickerHub() : this(StockTicker.Instance) { }

        public StockTickerHub(StockTicker stockTicker)
        {
            _stockTicker = stockTicker;
        }

        public IEnumerable<Stock> GetAllStocks()
        {
            return _stockTicker.GetAllStocks();
        }
    }

StockTickerHub類中,咱們公開了一個GetAllStocks的方法,當客戶端鏈接成功後咱們將調用「GetAllStocks」方法用來顯示股票信息。HubName標籤是一個別名,按照傳統咱們鏈接須要用StockTickerHub,可是咱們加了HubName後,前段就能夠經過stockTickerMini來建立鏈接。

咱們新建一個StockTicker類,把替換成如下代碼

 public class StockTicker
    {
        private static readonly Lazy<StockTicker> _instance = new Lazy<StockTicker>(() => new StockTicker(GlobalHost.ConnectionManager.GetHubContext<StockTickerHub>().Clients));

        /// <summary>
        /// ConcurrentDictionary 表示能夠由多個線程訪問的安全集合
        /// 用來存放股票代碼以及股票價格
        /// </summary>
        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, Stock> _stocks = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, Stock>();

        private readonly object _updateStockPricesLock = new object();

        //stock can go up or down by a percentage of this factor on each change
        private readonly double _rangePercent = .002;

        private readonly TimeSpan _updateInterval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(250);
        private readonly Random _updateOrNotRandom = new Random();

        private readonly Timer _timer;
        private volatile bool _updatingStockPrices = false;

        private StockTicker(IHubConnectionContext<dynamic> clients)
        {
            Clients = clients;

            _stocks.Clear();
            var stocks = new List<Stock>
            {
                new Stock { Symbol = "MSFT", Price = 30.31m },
                new Stock { Symbol = "APPL", Price = 578.18m },
                new Stock { Symbol = "GOOG", Price = 570.30m }
            };
            stocks.ForEach(stock => _stocks.TryAdd(stock.Symbol, stock));

            _timer = new Timer(UpdateStockPrices, null, _updateInterval, _updateInterval);

        }

        public static StockTicker Instance
        {
            get
            {
                return _instance.Value;
            }
        }

        private IHubConnectionContext<dynamic> Clients
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        public IEnumerable<Stock> GetAllStocks()
        {
            return _stocks.Values;
        }

        private void UpdateStockPrices(object state)
        {
            lock (_updateStockPricesLock)
            {
                if (!_updatingStockPrices)
                {
                    _updatingStockPrices = true;

                    foreach (var stock in _stocks.Values)
                    {
                        if (TryUpdateStockPrice(stock))
                        {
                            BroadcastStockPrice(stock);
                        }
                    }

                    _updatingStockPrices = false;
                }
            }
        }

        private bool TryUpdateStockPrice(Stock stock)
        {
            var r = _updateOrNotRandom.NextDouble();
            if (r > .1)
            {
                return false;
            }
            var random = new Random((int)Math.Floor(stock.Price));
            var percentChange = random.NextDouble() * _rangePercent;
            var pos = random.NextDouble() > .51;
            var change = Math.Round(stock.Price * (decimal)percentChange, 2);
            change = pos ? change : -change;

            stock.Price += change;
            return true;
        }

        private void BroadcastStockPrice(Stock stock)
        {
            Clients.All.updateStockPrice(stock);
        }

    }

因爲多個線程經過要訪問StockTicker,因此StockTicker必須是線程安全的。

好了,如今完成了基本的配置,咱們建立一個名爲index.html的文件並把它設置爲啓動項。index.html的代碼以下

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <title>ASP.NET SignalR Stock Ticker</title>
    <style>
        body {
            font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
            font-size: 16px;
        }

        #stockTable table {
            border-collapse: collapse;
        }

            #stockTable table th, #stockTable table td {
                padding: 2px 6px;
            }

            #stockTable table td {
                text-align: right;
            }

        #stockTable .loading td {
            text-align: left;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>ASP.NET SignalR Stock Ticker Sample</h1>

    <h2>Live Stock Table</h2>
    <div id="stockTable">
        <table border="1">
            <thead>
                <tr><th>Symbol</th><th>Price</th><th>Open</th><th>Change</th><th>%</th></tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
                <tr class="loading"><td colspan="5">loading...</td></tr>
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </div>
    <script src="Scripts/jquery-1.6.4.min.js"></script>
    <script src="Scripts/jquery.signalR-2.2.0.js"></script>
    <script src="/signalr/hubs"></script>
    <script src="StockTicker.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

在項目新建一個名爲StockTicker.js的文件,並用如下代碼替換

if (!String.prototype.supplant) {
    String.prototype.supplant = function (o) {
        return this.replace(/{([^{}]*)}/g,
            function (a, b) {
                var r = o[b];
                return typeof r === 'string' || typeof r === 'number' ? r : a;
            }
        );
    };
}

$(function () {

    var ticker = $.connection.stockTickerMini, 
        up = '▲',
        down = '▼',
        $stockTable = $('#stockTable'),
        $stockTableBody = $stockTable.find('tbody'),
        rowTemplate = '<tr data-symbol="{Symbol}"><td>{Symbol}</td><td>{Price}</td><td>{DayOpen}</td><td>{Direction} {Change}</td><td>{PercentChange}</td></tr>';

    function formatStock(stock) {
        return $.extend(stock, {
            Price: stock.Price.toFixed(2),
            PercentChange: (stock.PercentChange * 100).toFixed(2) + '%',
            Direction: stock.Change === 0 ? '' : stock.Change >= 0 ? up : down
        });
    }

    function init() {
        //創建鏈接成功後走的代碼
        ticker.server.getAllStocks().done(function (stocks) {
            $stockTableBody.empty();
            $.each(stocks, function () {
                var stock = formatStock(this);
                $stockTableBody.append(rowTemplate.supplant(stock));
            });
        });
    }

   
    ticker.client.updateStockPrice = function (stock) {
        var displayStock = formatStock(stock),
            $row = $(rowTemplate.supplant(displayStock));

        $stockTableBody.find('tr[data-symbol=' + stock.Symbol + ']')
            .replaceWith($row);
    }

    $.connection.hub.start().done(init);

});

$.connection是指SignalR的代理,StockTickerMiniStockTickerHubHubName所設置的別名。

在全部的變量和函數定義後,會在最後一行啓動SignalR鏈接,並進行初始化。運行起來便可看到效果

請你們注意一下StockTicker類中的BroadcastStockPrice方法,這個方法最終會獲取當前全部的鏈接用戶,並觸發updateStockPrice方法。在前兩章的時候咱們都是由客戶端主動調用Hub類的某一個方法,而後在由方法內部進行觸發前臺JS代碼。在本章中,咱們定義了一個定時器用來定時更新數據,每當數據發生修改時就會主動觸發updateStockPrice,這也是本章與前兩章不一樣的地方。

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