如何把Spring Boot 項目變成一個XML配置的Spring項目

如今你們都追趕新的技術潮流,我來逆行一下。java

其實Spring Boot 隱藏了大量的細節,有大量的默認配置,其實經過xml配置的方式也能夠達到和Spring Boot同樣的效果。spring

Profile

在Spring Boot項目中咱們經過application.properties中的設置來配置使用哪一個配置文件application-dev.properties,application-prod.properties等等apache

spring.profiles.active=dev

Spring 3.0之後就包含了Profile功能,在xml中能夠這麼寫,不過全部的bean須要顯式的配置。須要弄清楚本身項目的依賴關係,在Spring中第三方包如何初始化。app

<beans profile="dev,test">
    <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="location" value="classpath:application-dev.properties" />
    </bean>
</beans>

<beans profile="prod">
    <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="location" value="classpath:application-prod.properties" />
    </bean>
</beans>

在Spring Boot中大量的Jave Bean都包含了默認初始化的功能,只須要配置預先設置好的屬性名稱,可是在xml中須要顯式的初始化Bean,而且能夠在初始化的時候用Placeholder來配置。maven

Environment

在 Spring Boot 項目中application.propertiesapplication-xxx.properties 中的變量會自動放到 Environment中,而且能夠經過@Value直接注入到變量中。ide

若是使用 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext 初始化項目,能夠看到源代碼裏 Environment 是一個 StandardEnvironment 實例,僅僅包含系統變量和環境變量,爲了把application-xxx.properties放到 Environment 當中咱們須要擴展一下 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext,下面是CustomApplicationContextCustomEnvironmentspring-boot

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;

public class CustomApplicationContext extends ClassPathXmlApplicationContext {

    public CustomApplicationContext(){
        super();
    }

    public CustomApplicationContext(String configLocation) {
        super(new String[]{configLocation}, true, null);
    }

    @Override
    public ConfigurableEnvironment createEnvironment() {
        return new CustomEnvironment();
    }
}
import org.springframework.core.env.MutablePropertySources;
import org.springframework.core.env.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment;
import org.springframework.core.io.DefaultResourceLoader;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePropertySource;

import java.io.IOException;

public class CustomEnvironment extends StandardEnvironment {

    private static final String APPCONFIG_PATH_PATTERN = "classpath:application-%s.properties";

    @Override
    protected void customizePropertySources(MutablePropertySources propertySources) {
        super.customizePropertySources(propertySources);
        try {
            propertySources.addLast(initResourcePropertySourceLocator());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.warn("failed to initialize application config environment", e);
        }
    }

    private PropertySource<?> initResourcePropertySourceLocator() throws IOException {
        String profile = System.getProperty("spring.profiles.active", "dev");
        String configPath = String.format(APPCONFIG_PATH_PATTERN, profile);
        System.out.println("Using application config: " + configPath);

        Resource resource = new DefaultResourceLoader(this.getClass().getClassLoader()).
                getResource(configPath);
        PropertySource resourcePropertySource = new ResourcePropertySource(resource);
        return resourcePropertySource;
    }
}

日誌配置

Spring Boot 默認使用的是logback,在logback-spring.xml 的配置文件中可使用Spring Profile,並且還有一個默認的CONSOLE Appender測試

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
<include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/base.xml" />
<springProfile name="dev,test">
    <logger name="org.springframework" level="DEBUG" additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
    </logger>
</springProfile>
<springProfile name="prod">
    <logger name="org.springframework" level="INFO" additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
    </logger>
</springProfile>
</configuration>

在沒有使用Spring Boot的狀況下,不能在logback的config中使用Spring Profile,只能分拆成多個文件,而後根據環境變量讀取不一樣的配置文件,須要添加依賴org.logback-extensionsui

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.logback-extensions</groupId>
    <artifactId>logback-ext-spring</artifactId>
    <version>0.1.4</version>
</dependency>

logback-dev.xmlthis

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <property name="CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN" value="${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN:-%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} ${LOG_LEVEL_PATTERN:-%5p} ${PID:- } --- [%15.15t] %-40.40logger{39} : %m%n}"/>
    <appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
            <charset>utf8</charset>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <logger name="org.springframework" level="DEBUG" additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
    </logger>
</configuration>

logback-prod.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <property name="CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN" value="${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN:-%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} ${LOG_LEVEL_PATTERN:-%5p} ${PID:- } --- [%15.15t] %-40.40logger{39} : %m%n}"/>
    <appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
            <charset>utf8</charset>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <logger name="org.springframework" level="INFO" additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
    </logger>
</configuration>

下面的代碼根據環境變量讀取不一樣的配置文件

private static final String LOGCONFIG_PATH_PATTERN = "classpath:logback-%s.xml";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, JoranException {
        String profile = System.getProperty("spring.profiles.active", "dev");
        System.setProperty("file.encoding", "utf-8");

        // logback config
        String logConfigPath = String.format(LOGCONFIG_PATH_PATTERN, profile);
        System.out.println("Using logback config: " + logConfigPath);
        LogbackConfigurer.initLogging(logConfigPath);
        SLF4JBridgeHandler.removeHandlersForRootLogger();
        SLF4JBridgeHandler.install();
        
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new CustomApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
    }

測試

有Spring Boot 的時候TestCase寫起來很方便,在類上添加兩行註解便可,在src\test\resources下的application.properties中設置spring.profiles.active=test便可指定Profile爲test

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class TestStockService {

    @Autowired
    StockService stockService;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() {
    }

    @Test
    public void testMissingBbTickerEN() {

    }
}

不使用Spring Boot的狀況下,須要指定好幾個配置。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
@ActiveProfiles(profiles = "test")
@TestPropertySource("classpath:application-test.properties")
public class TestStockService {

    @Autowired
    StockService stockService;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() {
    }

    @Test
    public void testMissingBbTickerEN() {
    }
}

打包

Spring Boot 會把項目和所依賴的 Jar 包打包成一個大 Jar 包,直接運行這個 Jar 包就能夠。這個功能是經過spring-boot-maven-plugin實現的。

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>

不使用Spring Boot 以後,咱們須要配置maven-jar-plugin,可是依賴包沒法像Spring Boot同樣打包成一個大的 Jar 包,須要咱們指定classpath。

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.6</version>
    <configuration>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <mainClass>com.exmaple.demo.DemoApplication</mainClass>
                <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
            </manifest>
        </archive>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

注意:

當用java -jar yourJarExe.jar來運行一個通過打包的應用程序的時候,你會發現如何設置-classpath參數應用程序都找不到相應的第三方類,報ClassNotFound錯誤。實際上這是因爲當使用-jar參數運行的時候,java VM會屏蔽全部的外部classpath,而只以自己yourJarExe.jar的內部class做爲類的尋找範圍。因此須要在jar包mainfest中添加classpath。

依賴包

使用下面的maven配置幫你把全部的依賴包複製到targetlib目錄下,方便咱們部署或者是測試時複製依賴包。

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>copy-dependencies</id>
            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <outputDirectory>target/lib</outputDirectory>
                <overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>
                <excludeGroupIds>
                    junit,org.hamcrest,org.mockito,org.powermock,${project.groupId}
                </excludeGroupIds>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
    <configuration>
        <verbose>true</verbose>
        <detail>true</detail>
        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

運行

運行時經過指定命令行參數 -Dspring.profiles.active=prod 來切換profile

java -jar -Dspring.profiles.active=prod demo.jar

總結

Spring Boot很大程度上方便了咱們的開發,可是隱藏了大量的細節,咱們使用xml配置spring能夠達到差很少一樣的效果,可是在結構和配置上更加清晰。

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