C++中vector和set都是很是方便的容器,ios
sort方法是algorithm頭文件裏的一個標準函數,能進行高效的排序,默認是按元素從小到大排序算法
將sort方法用到vector和set中能實現多種符合本身需求的排序數組
首先sort方法能夠對靜態的數組進行排序函數
1 #include<iostream> 2 using namespace std; 3 int main(){ 4 int a[10] = { 9, 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 4, 5, 100, 10 }; 5 sort(a, a +10); 6 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 7 cout << a[i] << endl; 8 return 0; 9 }
運行結果:spa
這裏能夠看到是sort(a,a+10),可是數組a一共只有9個元素,爲何是a+10而不是a+9呢?指針
由於sort方法實際上最後一位地址對應的數是不取的,code
並且vector,set,map這些容器的end()取出來的值實際上並非最後一個值,而end的前一個纔是最後一個值!blog
須要用prev(xxx.end()),才能取出容器中最後一個元素。排序
對vector使用sort函數:ci
第一種情形:基本類型,如vector<int>,vector<double>,vector<string>也是能夠的
1 #include<iostream> 2 #include<vector> 3 #include<algorithm> 4 using namespace std; 5 int main(){ 6 vector<int> a; 7 int n = 5; 8 while (n--){ 9 int score; 10 cin >> score; 11 a.push_back(score); 12 } 13 //cout <<" a.end()"<< *a.end() << endl; 執行這句話會報錯! 14 cout << " prev(a.end)" << *prev(a.end()) << endl; 15 sort(a.begin(), a.end()); 16 for (vector<int>::iterator it = a.begin(); it != a.end(); it++){ 17 cout << *it << endl; 18 } 19 return 0; 20 }
執行結果:
看到了嗎,實際上end的前一個指針指向的元素纔是插入時的最後一個值!
排序後從小大大。
第二種情形:用自定義的結構體進行sort算法,
這時候須要本身定義個比較函數,由於sort算法是基於容器中的元素是能夠兩兩比較的,而後從小到大排序,因此要自定義怎麼樣纔是小於('<')
1 #include<iostream> 2 #include<vector> 3 #include<set> 4 #include<string> 5 #include<algorithm> 6 using namespace std; 7 struct student{ 8 char name[10]; 9 int score; 10 }; 11 //自定義「小於」 12 bool comp(const student &a, const student &b){ 13 return a.score < b.score; 14 } 15 int main(){ 16 vector<student> vectorStudents; 17 int n = 5; 18 while (n--){ 19 student oneStudent; 20 string name; 21 int score; 22 cin >> name >> score; 23 strcpy(oneStudent.name, name.c_str()); 24 oneStudent.score = score; 25 vectorStudents.push_back(oneStudent); 26 } 27 cout << "===========排序前================" << endl; 28 for (vector<student>::iterator it = vectorStudents.begin(); it != vectorStudents.end(); it++){ 29 cout << "name: " << it->name << " score: " << it->score << endl; 30 } 31 sort(vectorStudents.begin(),vectorStudents.end(),comp); 32 cout << "===========排序後================" << endl; 33 for (vector<student>::iterator it = vectorStudents.begin(); it != vectorStudents.end(); it++){ 34 cout << "name: " << it->name << " score: " << it->score << endl; 35 } 36 return 0; 37 }
運行結果:
不過有時候一個排序條件不夠,好比要求學生按分數從高到低排序,若是分數相同,則按照年齡從大到小排序
就須要在comp自定義函數裏面修改一下判斷了,原來是直接return a.score < b.score
如今就須要判斷
if (a.score > b.score)
return true; else if (a.score == b.score && a.age > b.age)
return true; else return false;
這裏必定要記得else return false!!!有一次比賽的時候寫到這個函數,有三個判斷條件,結果忘了這茬,老是報錯,
到後來有點着急了就本身手動實現了一下寫了三個比較函數,調用了三次sort函數!!!!!
1 #include<iostream> 2 #include<vector> 3 #include<set> 4 #include<string> 5 #include<algorithm> 6 using namespace std; 7 struct student{ 8 char name[10]; 9 int score; 10 int age; 11 }; 12 //自定義「小於」 13 bool comp(const student &a, const student &b){ 14 if (a.score > b.score) 15 return true; 16 else if (a.score == b.score && a.age > b.age) 17 return true; 18 else ///這裏的else return false很是重要!!!!! 19 return false; 20 } 21 int main(){ 22 vector<student> vectorStudents; 23 /*set<student> setStudents;*/ 24 //int n = 5; 25 int n = 6; 26 while (n--){ 27 student oneStudent; 28 string name; 29 int score; 30 int age; 31 cin >> name >> score>>age; 32 strcpy(oneStudent.name, name.c_str()); 33 oneStudent.score = score; 34 oneStudent.age = age; 35 vectorStudents.push_back(oneStudent); 36 } 37 cout << "===========排序前================" << endl; 38 for (vector<student>::iterator it = vectorStudents.begin(); it != vectorStudents.end(); it++){ 39 cout << "name: " << it->name << " score: " << it->score << " age: "<<it->age<<endl; 40 } 41 sort(vectorStudents.begin(), vectorStudents.end(), comp); 42 //sort(setStudents.begin(), setStudents.end()); 43 cout << "===========排序後================" << endl; 44 for (vector<student>::iterator it = vectorStudents.begin(); it != vectorStudents.end(); it++){ 45 cout << "name: " << it->name << " score: " << it->score << " age: " << it->age << endl; 46 } 47 return 0; 48 }
運行結果以下:
接下來,對於set作相似的操做。
set是一個集合,內部的元素不會重複,同時它會自動進行排序,也是從小到大
並且set的insert方法沒有insert(a,cmp)這種重載,因此若是要把結構體插入set中,咱們就要重載'<'運算符。
set方法在插入的時候也是從小到大的,那麼咱們重載一下<運算符讓它從大到小排序
1 #include<iostream> 2 #include<vector> 3 #include<set> 4 #include<string> 5 #include<algorithm> 6 using namespace std; 7 struct student{ 8 char name[10]; 9 int score; 10 }; 11 //自定義「小於」 12 bool comp(const student &a, const student &b){ 13 return a.score < b.score; 14 } 15 bool operator < (const student & stu1,const student &stu2){ 16 return stu1.score > stu2.score; 17 } 18 int main(){ 19 //vector<student> vectorStudents; 20 set<student> setStudents; 21 //int n = 5; 22 int n = 6; 23 while (n--){ 24 student oneStudent; 25 string name; 26 int score; 27 cin >> name >> score; 28 strcpy(oneStudent.name, name.c_str()); 29 oneStudent.score = score; 30 setStudents.insert(oneStudent); 31 } 32 cout << "===========排序前================" << endl; 33 for (set<student>::iterator it = setStudents.begin(); it != setStudents.end(); it++){ 34 cout << "name: " << it->name << " score: " << it->score << endl; 35 } 36 //sort(setStudents.begin(), setStudents.end(), comp); 37 //cout << "===========排序後================" << endl; 38 //for (set<student>::iterator it = setStudents.begin(); it != setStudents.end(); it++){ 39 // cout << "name: " << it->name << " score: " << it->score << endl; 40 //} 41 return 0; 42 }
運行結果:
咱們能夠看到,set內元素不會重複,並且它按照它所認爲的「從小到大」進行了排序