前幾天和朋友閒聊,說遇到了一個ConcurrentHashMap死循環問題,當時內心想這不科學呀?ConcurrentHashMap怎麼還有死循環呢,畢竟它已經解決HashMap中rehash中死循環問題了,可是隨着深刻的分析,發現事情並無以前想的那麼簡單~ (如下分析基於jdk版本:jdk1.8.0_171)node
保險起見,不能直接貼出出現問題的業務代碼,所以將該問題簡化成以下代碼:數組
ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Integer> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); // map默認capacity 16,當元素個數達到(capacity - capacity >> 2) = 12個時會觸發rehash for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) { map.put(i, i); } map.computeIfAbsent(12, (k) -> { // 這裏會致使死循環 :( map.put(100, 100); return k; }); // 其餘操做
感興趣的小夥伴能夠在電腦上運行下,話不說多,先說下問題緣由:當執行computeIfAbsent
時,若是key對應的slot爲空,此時會建立ReservationNode
對象(hash值爲RESERVED=-3
)放到當前slot位置,而後調用mappingFunction.apply(key)
生成value,根據value建立Node以後賦值到slow位置,此時完成computeIfAbsent
流程。可是上述代碼mappingFunction
中又對該map進行了一次put操做,而且觸發了rehash操做,在transfer
中遍歷slot數組時,依次判斷slot對應Node是否爲null、hash值是否爲MOVED=-一、hash值否大於0(list結構)、Node類型是不是TreeBin(紅黑樹結構),惟獨沒有判斷hash值爲RESERVED=-3
的狀況,所以致使了死循環問題。安全
問題分析到這裏,緣由已經很清楚了,當時咱們認爲,這多是jdk的「bug」
,所以咱們最後給出的解決方案是:併發
slot
節點類型是ReservationNode
,能夠給個提示,好比拋異常;mappingFunction
中不該該再對當前map進行更新操做了,可是jdk並無禁止不能這樣用,最好說明下。最後,另外一個朋友看了computeIfAbsent
的註釋:app
1 /** 2 * If the specified key is not already associated with a value, 3 * attempts to compute its value using the given mapping function 4 * and enters it into this map unless {@code null}. The entire 5 * method invocation is performed atomically, so the function is 6 * applied at most once per key. Some attempted update operations 7 * on this map by other threads may be blocked while computation 8 * is in progress, so the computation should be short and simple, 9 * and must not attempt to update any other mappings of this map. 10 */ 11 public V computeIfAbsent(K key, Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction)
咱們發現,其實人家已經知道了這個問題,還特地註釋說明了。。。咱們仍是too yong too simple
啊。至此,ConcurrentHashMap死循環問題告一段落,仍是要遵循編碼規範,不要在mappingFunction
中再對當前map進行更新操做。其實ConcurrentHashMap死循環不只僅出如今上述討論的場景中,如下場景也會觸發,緣由和上述討論的是同樣的,代碼以下,感興趣的小夥伴也能夠本地跑下:less
1 ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Integer> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); 2 map.computeIfAbsent(12, (k) -> { 3 map.put(k, k); 4 return k; 5 }); 6 7 System.out.println(map); 8 // 其餘操做
最後,一塊兒跟着computeIfAbsent源碼來分下上述死循環代碼的執行流程,限於篇幅,只分析下主要流程代碼:this
1 public V computeIfAbsent(K key, Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) { 2 if (key == null || mappingFunction == null) 3 throw new NullPointerException(); 4 int h = spread(key.hashCode()); 5 V val = null; 6 int binCount = 0; 7 for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) { 8 Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh; 9 if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) 10 tab = initTable(); 11 else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & h)) == null) { 12 Node<K,V> r = new ReservationNode<K,V>(); 13 synchronized (r) { 14 // 這裏使用synchronized針對局部對象意義不大,主要是下面的cas操做保證併發問題 15 if (casTabAt(tab, i, null, r)) { 16 binCount = 1; 17 Node<K,V> node = null; 18 try { 19 // 這裏的value返回可能爲null呦 20 if ((val = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) 21 node = new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null); 22 } finally { 23 setTabAt(tab, i, node); 24 } 25 } 26 } 27 if (binCount != 0) 28 break; 29 } 30 else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED) 31 tab = helpTransfer(tab, f); 32 else { 33 boolean added = false; 34 synchronized (f) { 35 // 僅僅判斷了node.hash >=0和node爲TreeBin類型狀況,未判斷`ReservationNode`類型 36 // 擴容時判斷和此處相似 37 if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) { 38 if (fh >= 0) { 39 binCount = 1; 40 for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) { 41 K ek; V ev; 42 if (e.hash == h && 43 ((ek = e.key) == key || 44 (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) { 45 val = e.val; 46 break; 47 } 48 Node<K,V> pred = e; 49 if ((e = e.next) == null) { 50 if ((val = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) { 51 added = true; 52 pred.next = new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null); 53 } 54 break; 55 } 56 } 57 } 58 else if (f instanceof TreeBin) { 59 binCount = 2; 60 TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f; 61 TreeNode<K,V> r, p; 62 if ((r = t.root) != null && 63 (p = r.findTreeNode(h, key, null)) != null) 64 val = p.val; 65 else if ((val = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) { 66 added = true; 67 t.putTreeVal(h, key, val); 68 } 69 } 70 } 71 } 72 if (binCount != 0) { 73 if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD) 74 treeifyBin(tab, i); 75 if (!added) 76 return val; 77 break; 78 } 79 } 80 } 81 if (val != null) 82 // 計數統計&閾值判斷+擴容操做 83 addCount(1L, binCount); 84 return val; 85 }
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