最近有同窗和網友私信我,問我MongoDB方面的問題;這裏我整理一篇博客來贅述下MongoDB供你們學習參考,博客的目錄內容以下:html
本篇文章是基於MongoDB集羣(Sharding+Replica Sets)上演示的,故操做的內容都是集羣層面的,因此有些命令和單獨的使用MongoDB庫有異樣。具體集羣搭建能夠參考我寫的《高可用的MongoDB集羣》。java
經常使用的 Shell 命令以下所示:mysql
db.help() # 數據庫幫助
db.collections.help() # 集合幫助
rs.help() # help on replica set
show dbs # 展現數據庫名
show collections # 展現collections在當前庫
use db_name # 選擇數據庫
查看集合基本信息,內容以下所示:sql
#查看幫助 db.yourColl.help(); #查詢當前集合的數據條數 db.yourColl.count(); #查看數據空間大小 db.userInfo.dataSize(); #獲得當前彙集集合所在的 db db.userInfo.getDB(); #獲得當前彙集的狀態 db.userInfo.stats(); #獲得彙集集合總大小 db.userInfo.totalSize(); #彙集集合儲存空間大小 db.userInfo.storageSize(); #Shard版本信息 db.userInfo.getShardVersion() #彙集集合重命名,將userInfo重命名爲users db.userInfo.renameCollection("users"); #刪除當前彙集集合 db.userInfo.drop();
在集羣中,咱們增長一個 friends 庫,命令以下所示:mongodb
db.runCommand({enablesharding:"friends"});
在庫新建後,咱們在該庫下建立一個user分片,命令以下:shell
db.runCommand( { shardcollection : "friends. user"});
在MongoDB中,save和insert都能達到新增的效果。可是這二者是有區別的,在save函數中,若是原來的對象不存在,那他們均可以向collection裏插入數據;若是已經存在,save會調用update更新裏面的記錄,而insert則會忽略操做。數據庫
另外,在insert中能夠一次性插敘一個列表,而不用遍歷,效率高,save則須要遍歷列表,一個個插入,下面咱們能夠看下兩個函數的原型,經過函數原型咱們能夠看出,對於遠程調用來講,是一次性將整個列表post過來讓MongoDB去處理,效率會高些。框架
Save函數原型以下所示:dom
Insert函數原型(部分代碼)以下所示:socket
db. user.find();
默認每頁顯示20條記錄,當顯示不下的狀況下,能夠用it迭代命令查詢下一頁數據。注意:鍵入it命令不能帶「;」 可是你能夠設置每頁顯示數據的大小,用DBQuery.shellBatchSize= 50;這樣每頁就顯示50條記錄了。
db. user.distinct("name"); #會過濾掉name中的相同數據 至關於: select distict name from user;
db.user.find({"age": 24});
#至關於: select * from user where age = 24;
db.user.find({age: {$gt: 24}}); # 至關於: select * from user where age >24;
db.user.find({age: {$lt: 24}}); #至關於: select * from user where age < 24;
db.user.find({age: {$gte: 24}}); #至關於: select * from user where age >= 24;
db.user.find({age: {$lte: 24}}); #至關於: select * from user where age <= 24;
db.user.find({age: {$gte: 23, $lte: 26}}); #至關於 select * from user where age >=23 and age <= 26;
db.user.find({$or: [{age: 22}, {age: 25}]}); #至關於: select * from user where age = 22 or age = 25;
db.user.find({name: /mongo/}); #至關於%% select * from user where name like '%mongo%';
db.user.find({name: /^mongo/});
# 與SQL中得like語法相似 select * from user where name like 'mongo%';
db.user.find({}, {name: 1, age: 1}); #至關於: select name, age from user;
固然name也能夠用true或false,當用ture的狀況下和name:1效果同樣,若是用false就是排除name,顯示name之外的列信息。
db.user.find({age: {$gt: 25}}, {name: 1, age: 1}); #至關於: select name, age from user where age > 25;
db.user.find({name: 'zhangsan', age: 22});
#至關於:
select * from user where name = 'zhangsan' and age = 22;
#升序:
db.user.find().sort({age: 1});
#降序:
db.user.find().sort({age: -1});
db.user.find().limit(5); #至關於: select * from user limit 5;
db.user.find().skip(10); #至關於: select * from user where id not in ( select * from user limit 5 );
#查詢在5~10之間的數據
db.user.find().limit(10).skip(5);
可用於分頁,limit是pageSize,skip是第幾頁*pageSize。
db.user.find({age: {$gte: 25}}).count(); #至關於: select count(*) from user where age >= 20;
db.userInfo.find({sex: {$exists: true}}).sort();
db.user.find({sex: {$ne: null}}) #至關於: select * from user where sex not null;
建立索引,並指定主鍵字段,命令內容以下所示:
db.epd_favorites_folder.ensureIndex({"id":1},{"unique":true,"dropDups":true}) db.epd_focus.ensureIndex({"id":1},{"unique":true,"dropDups":true})
update命令格式,以下所示:
db.collection.update(criteria,objNew,upsert,multi)
參數說明: criteria:
查詢條件 objNew:update對象和一些更新操做符
upsert:若是不存在update的記錄,是否插入objNew這個新的文檔,true爲插入,默認爲false,不插入。
multi:默認是false,只更新找到的第一條記錄。若是爲true,把按條件查詢出來的記錄所有更新。
下面給出一個示例,更新id爲 1 中 price 的值,內容以下所示:
db. user.update({id: 1},{$set:{price:2}}); #至關於: update user set price=2 where id=1;
db. user. remove( { id:1 } ); #至關於: delete from user where id=1;
db. user. remove( { } ); #至關於: delete from user;
db. user. drop(); #至關於: drop table user;
MongoDB中的 MapReduce 是編寫JavaScript腳本,而後由MongoDB去解析執行對應的腳本,下面給出 Java API 操做MR。代碼以下所示:
MongdbManager類,用來初始化MongoDB:
package cn.mongo.util; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import com.mongodb.DB; import com.mongodb.Mongo; import com.mongodb.MongoOptions; /** * @Date Mar 3, 2015 * * @author dengjie * * @Note mongodb manager */ public class MongdbManager { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MongdbManager.class); private static Mongo mongo = null; private static String tag = SystemConfig.getProperty("dev.tag"); private MongdbManager() { } static { initClient(); } // get DB object public static DB getDB(String dbName) { return mongo.getDB(dbName); } // get DB object without param public static DB getDB() { String dbName = SystemConfig.getProperty(String.format("%s.mongodb.dbname", tag)); return mongo.getDB(dbName); } // init mongodb pool private static void initClient() { try { String[] hosts = SystemConfig.getProperty(String.format("%s.mongodb.host", tag)).split(","); for (int i = 0; i < hosts.length; i++) { try { String host = hosts[i].split(":")[0]; int port = Integer.parseInt(hosts[i].split(":")[1]); mongo = new Mongo(host, port); if (mongo.getDatabaseNames().size() > 0) { logger.info(String.format("connection success,host=[%s],port=[%d]", host, port)); break; } } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); logger.error(String.format("create connection has error,msg is %s", ex.getMessage())); } } // 設置鏈接池的信息 MongoOptions opt = mongo.getMongoOptions(); opt.connectionsPerHost = SystemConfig.getIntProperty(String.format("%s.mongodb.poolsize", tag));// poolsize opt.threadsAllowedToBlockForConnectionMultiplier = SystemConfig.getIntProperty(String.format( "%s.mongodb.blocksize", tag));// blocksize opt.socketKeepAlive = true; opt.autoConnectRetry = true; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
MongoDBFactory類,用來封裝操做業務代碼,具體內容以下所示:
package cn.mongo.util; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import cn.diexun.domain.MGDCustomerSchema; import com.mongodb.BasicDBList; import com.mongodb.DB; import com.mongodb.DBCollection; import com.mongodb.DBObject; import com.mongodb.util.JSON; /** * @Date Mar 3, 2015 * * @Author dengjie */ public class MongoDBFactory { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MongoDBFactory.class); // save data to mongodb public static void save(MGDCustomerSchema mgs, String collName) { DB db = null; try { db = MongdbManager.getDB(); DBCollection coll = db.getCollection(collName); DBObject dbo = (DBObject) JSON.parse(mgs.toString()); coll.insert(dbo); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); logger.error(String.format("save object to mongodb has error,msg is %s", ex.getMessage())); } finally { if (db != null) { db.requestDone(); db = null; } } } // batch insert public static void save(List<?> mgsList, String collName) { DB db = null; try { db = MongdbManager.getDB(); DBCollection coll = db.getCollection(collName); BasicDBList data = (BasicDBList) JSON.parse(mgsList.toString()); List<DBObject> list = new ArrayList<DBObject>(); int commitSize = SystemConfig.getIntProperty("mongo.commit.size"); int rowCount = 0; long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (Object dbo : data) { rowCount++; list.add((DBObject) dbo); if (rowCount % commitSize == 0) { try { coll.insert(list); list.clear(); logger.info(String.format("current commit rowCount = [%d],commit spent time = [%s]s", rowCount, (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) / 1000.0)); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); logger.error(String.format("batch commit data to mongodb has error,msg is %s", ex.getMessage())); } } } if (rowCount % commitSize != 0) { try { coll.insert(list); logger.info(String.format("insert data to mongo has spent total time = [%s]s", (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) / 1000.0)); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); logger.error(String.format("commit end has error,msg is %s", ex.getMessage())); } } } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); logger.error(String.format("save object list to mongodb has error,msg is %s", ex.getMessage())); } finally { if (db != null) { db.requestDone(); db = null; } } } }
LoginerAmountMR類,這是一個統計登陸用戶數的MapReduce計算類,代碼以下:
package cn.mongo.mapreduce; import java.sql.Timestamp; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import org.bson.BSONObject; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import cn.diexun.conf.ConfigureAPI.MR; import cn.diexun.conf.ConfigureAPI.PRECISION; import cn.diexun.domain.Kpi; import cn.diexun.util.CalendarUtil; import cn.diexun.util.MongdbManager; import cn.diexun.util.MysqlFactory; import com.mongodb.DB; import com.mongodb.DBCollection; import com.mongodb.DBCursor; import com.mongodb.DBObject; import com.mongodb.MapReduceOutput; import com.mongodb.ReadPreference; /** * @Date Mar 13, 2015 * * @Author dengjie * * @Note use mr jobs stats user login amount */ public class LoginerAmountMR { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoginerAmountMR.class);
// map 函數JS字符串拼接 private static String map() { String map = "function(){"; map += "if(this.userName != \"\"){"; map += "emit({" + "kpi_code:'login_times',username:this.userName," + "district_id:this.districtId,product_style:this.product_style," + "customer_property:this.customer_property},{count:1});"; map += "}"; map += "}"; return map; }
private static String reduce() { String reduce = "function(key,values){"; reduce += "var total = 0;"; reduce += "for(var i=0;i<values.length;i++){"; reduce += "total += values[i].count;}"; reduce += "return {count:total};"; reduce += "}"; return reduce; }
// reduce 函數字符串拼接 public static void main(String[] args) { loginNumbers("t_login_20150312"); } /** * login user amount * * @param collName */ public static void loginNumbers(String collName) { DB db = null; try { db = MongdbManager.getDB(); db.setReadPreference(ReadPreference.secondaryPreferred()); DBCollection coll = db.getCollection(collName); String result = MR.COLLNAME_TMP; long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); MapReduceOutput mapRed = coll.mapReduce(map(), reduce(), result, null); logger.info(String.format("mr run spent time=%ss", (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) / 1000.0)); start = System.currentTimeMillis(); DBCursor cursor = mapRed.getOutputCollection().find(); List<Kpi> list = new ArrayList<Kpi>(); while (cursor.hasNext()) { DBObject obj = cursor.next(); BSONObject key = (BSONObject) obj.get("_id"); BSONObject value = (BSONObject) obj.get("value"); Object kpiValue = value.get("count"); Object userName = key.get("username"); Object districtId = key.get("district_id"); Object customerProperty = key.get("customer_property"); Object productStyle = key.get("product_style"); Kpi kpi = new Kpi(); try { kpi.setUserName(userName == null ? "" : userName.toString()); kpi.setKpiCode(key.get("kpi_code").toString()); kpi.setKpiValue(Math.round(Double.parseDouble(kpiValue.toString()))); kpi.setCustomerProperty(customerProperty == null ? "" : customerProperty.toString()); kpi.setDistrictId(districtId == "" ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(districtId.toString())); kpi.setProductStyle(productStyle == null ? "" : productStyle.toString()); kpi.setCreateDate(collName.split("_")[2]); kpi.setUpdateDate(Timestamp.valueOf(CalendarUtil.formatMap.get(PRECISION.HOUR).format(new Date()))); list.add(kpi); } catch (Exception exx) { exx.printStackTrace(); logger.error(String.format("parse type or get value has error,msg is %s", exx.getMessage())); } } MysqlFactory.insert(list); logger.info(String.format("store mysql spent time is %ss", (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) / 1000.0)); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); logger.error(String.format("run map-reduce jobs has error,msg is %s", ex.getMessage())); } finally { if (db != null) { db.requestDone(); db = null; } } } }
在計算 MongoDB 的MapReduce計算的時候,拼接JavaScript字符串時須要謹慎當心,很容易出錯,上面給出的代碼只是一部分代碼,供參考學習使用;另外,如果要作MapReduce任務計算,推薦使用Hadoop的MapReduce計算框架,MongoDB的MapReduce框架這裏僅作介紹學習瞭解。
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