實例:
後端
和客戶IDC機房拉了一條MSTP線路,接入到Cisco 3750x後端口燈不亮,更換了端口也是不亮,查看端口信息發現由於客戶端有環路致使咱們接口出現err-disable錯誤。bash
故障現象:app
線路不通,物理指示燈不亮,有的會顯示爲橙色(不一樣平臺指示燈狀態不一樣)ide
解決思路:oop
取消環路,將端口重啓spa
排錯過程:3d
一、查看接口狀態orm
GigabitEthernet1/0/8 is down, line protocol is down (err-disabled) 接口
C3750X-5F-I02-2-252#SHOw INTERfaces GIgabitEthernet 1/0/8 GigabitEthernet1/0/8 is down, line protocol is down (err-disabled) Hardware is Gigabit Ethernet, address is 00af.1fe0.63d0 (bia 00af.1fe0.63d0) Description: "HTZQ Network" Internet address is 165.16.241.174/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Auto-duplex, Auto-speed, media type is 10/100/1000BaseTX input flow-control is off, output flow-control is unsupported ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 16:07:19, output 16:07:19, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 42 packets input, 10117 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 33 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts) 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored 0 watchdog, 19 multicast, 0 pause input 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 77 packets output, 21350 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 9 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 PAUSE output 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out C3750X-5F-I02-2-252#SHOw INTERfaces GIgabitEthernet 1/0/8 STATUS Port Name Status Vlan Duplex Speed Type Gi1/0/8 "HTZQ Network" err-disabled routed auto auto 10/100/1000BaseTX C3750X-5F-I02-2-252#
二、查看致使接口err-disable的緣由ip
C3750X-5F-I02-2-252#show interfaces status err-disabled Port Name Status Reason Err-disabled Vlans Gi1/0/8 "HTZQ Network" err-disabled loopback Gi1/0/9 err-disabled loopback Gi1/0/10 err-disabled loopback Gi1/0/20 err-disabled loopback C3750X-5F-I02-2-252#
從圖中能夠看出致使接口err-disable的緣由是loopback,由於期間我更換過接口,由於環路致使了全部更換過的接口都是err-disable
看到哪些緣由會致使接口處於err-disable
C3750X-5F-I02-2-252#show errdisable detect ErrDisable Reason Detection Mode ----------------- --------- ---- arp-inspection Enabled port bpduguard Enabled port channel-misconfig (STP) Enabled port community-limit Enabled port dhcp-rate-limit Enabled port dtp-flap Enabled port gbic-invalid Enabled port inline-power Enabled port invalid-policy Enabled port l2ptguard Enabled port link-flap Enabled port loopback Enabled port lsgroup Enabled port mac-limit Enabled port pagp-flap Enabled port port-mode-failure Enabled port pppoe-ia-rate-limit Enabled port psecure-violation Enabled port/vlan security-violation Enabled port sfp-config-mismatch Enabled port small-frame Enabled port storm-control Enabled port udld Enabled port vmps Enabled port C3750X-5F-I02-2-252#
從列表中,咱們能夠看出常見的緣由有udld,bpduguard,link-flap以及loopback等。 具體由什麼緣由致使當前接口err-disable能夠由show interface status err-disable來查看。
三、恢復
在接口模式下采用shutdown,no shutdown進行手動的激活便可恢復,前提是環路要接觸,否則接口會再次被置於err-disable。
在缺省配置下,一旦接口被置爲err-disable,IOS將不會試圖恢復接口。 這個能夠由show errdisable recovery來查看,timer status下面全部的值都是disable。
C3750X-5F-I02-2-252#show errdisable recovery ErrDisable Reason Timer Status ----------------- -------------- arp-inspection Disabled bpduguard Disabled channel-misconfig (STP) Disabled dhcp-rate-limit Disabled dtp-flap Disabled gbic-invalid Disabled inline-power Disabled l2ptguard Disabled link-flap Disabled mac-limit Disabled loopback Disabled pagp-flap Disabled port-mode-failure Disabled pppoe-ia-rate-limit Disabled psecure-violation Disabled security-violation Disabled sfp-config-mismatch Disabled small-frame Disabled storm-control Disabled udld Disabled vmps Disabled Timer interval: 300 seconds Interfaces that will be enabled at the next timeout: C3750X-5F-I02-2-252#
配置IOS自動從新激活errdisable的接口
C3750X-5F-I02-2-252(config)#errdisable recovery cause ? all Enable timer to recover from all error causes arp-inspection Enable timer to recover from arp inspection error disable state bpduguard Enable timer to recover from BPDU Guard error channel-misconfig (STP) Enable timer to recover from channel misconfig error dhcp-rate-limit Enable timer to recover from dhcp-rate-limit error dtp-flap Enable timer to recover from dtp-flap error gbic-invalid Enable timer to recover from invalid GBIC error inline-power Enable timer to recover from inline-power error l2ptguard Enable timer to recover from l2protocol-tunnel error link-flap Enable timer to recover from link-flap error loopback Enable timer to recover from loopback error mac-limit Enable timer to recover from mac limit disable state pagp-flap Enable timer to recover from pagp-flap error port-mode-failure Enable timer to recover from port mode change failure pppoe-ia-rate-limit Enable timer to recover from PPPoE IA rate-limit error psecure-violation Enable timer to recover from psecure violation error security-violation Enable timer to recover from 802.1x violation error sfp-config-mismatch Enable timer to recover from SFP config mismatch error small-frame Enable timer to recover from small frame error storm-control Enable timer to recover from storm-control error udld Enable timer to recover from udld error vmps Enable timer to recover from vmps shutdown error C3750X-5F-I02-2-252(config)#errdisable recovery cause loopback
能夠指定什麼狀況下致使接口err-disable後自動激活,也能夠選擇全部致使接口err-disable後自動接口。
配置完上述命令後,IOS在一段時間後試圖恢復被置爲err-disable的接口,這段時間缺省爲300秒,這個時間經過show errdisable recovery的Timer interval: 300 seconds值。
調整err-disable的超時時間,可使用如下命令:
C3750X-5F-I02-2-252(config)#errdisable recovery interval ? <30-86400> timer-interval(sec) C3750X-5F-I02-2-252(config)#errdisable recovery interval 600
能夠調整在30-86400秒,缺省是300秒
查看全部接口的狀態
C3750X-5F-I02-2-252#show interfaces status Port Name Status Vlan Duplex Speed Type Gi1/0/1 "AA Network" connected routed a-half a-100 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/2 "BB Network connected routed a-full a-100 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/3 "CC Network" connected routed a-half a-100 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/4 "DD Network" connected routed a-half a-100 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/5 "EE Network" connected routed a-half a-100 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/6 "FF Network" connected routed a-half a-100 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/7 "GG Network connected routed a-half a-100 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/8 "HH Network" connected routed a-full a-100 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/9 err-disabled 1 auto auto 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/10 err-disabled 1 auto auto 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/11 notconnect 515 auto auto 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/12 connected 515 a-full a-1000 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/13 connected 514 a-full a-100 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/14 connected 514 a-full a-100 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/15 notconnect 513 auto auto 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/16 notconnect 513 auto auto 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/17 connected 502 a-full a-1000 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/18 connected 502 a-full a-1000 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/19 connected 502 a-full a-1000 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/20 err-disabled 502 auto auto 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/21 connected 515 a-full a-1000 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/22 connected 515 a-full a-1000 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/23 notconnect 1 auto auto 10/100/1000BaseTX Gi1/0/24 connected trunk a-full a-1000 10/100/1000BaseTX Fa0 notconnect routed auto auto 10/100BaseTX C3750X-5F-I02-2-252#
配置接口速率和雙工模式
接口雙工模式分爲全雙工和半雙工,指的是數據的傳輸方式:
1.半雙工(Half Duplex)是指接口任意時刻只能接收數據或者發送數據,並存在最大傳輸距離的限制。
2.全雙工(Full Duplex)是指在發送數據的同時也可以接收數據,二者同步進行,最大吞吐量可達到雙倍速率,且消除了半雙工的物理距離限制。目前的網卡通常都支持全雙工。
配置接口雙工模式
接口雙工模式能夠是自協商模式(auto)、半雙工模式(half)、全雙工模式(full)
自協商的內容包括兩端接口的雙工模式和接口速率。一旦協商經過,鏈路兩端的設備就鎖定在一樣的雙工模式和接口速率。自協商功能只有在鏈路兩端設備均支持才能夠生效。若是對端設備不支持自協商功能,或者對端設備自協商機制和本端設備不一致,則接口可能會處於Down狀態
若是數據流量較大,則鏈路兩端的自協商結果只能爲全雙工模式,不能爲半雙工模式,不然會出現丟包現象。若是數據流量較小,鏈路兩端的自協商結果爲半雙工模式便可以知足數據傳輸需求。
鏈路兩端的雙工模式必須保持一致。電接口對接時有可能由於兩端接口自協商模式不一致等緣由,形成接口被協商成半雙工模式,此時可能會出現報文交互異常現象
C3750X-5F-I02-2-252#SHOw INTERfaces GigabitEthernet1/0/8 GigabitEthernet1/0/8 is down, line protocol is down (err-disabled) Hardware is Gigabit Ethernet, address is 00af.1fe0.63d0 (bia 00af.1fe0.63d0) Description: "HTZQ Network" Internet address is 165.16.241.174/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Auto-duplex, Auto-speed, media type is 10/100/1000BaseTX # auto | full | half設置端口爲-自動/全雙工/半雙工 input flow-control is off, output flow-control is unsupported ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 01:41:48, output 01:41:48, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: fifo C3750X-5F-I02-2-252(config)#INTErface GigabitEthernet1/0/8 C3750X-5F-I02-2-252(config-if)# DUplex full C3750X-5F-I02-2-252(config-if)# Speed 100 C3750X-5F-I02-2-252(config-if)#speed ? 10 Force 10 Mbps operation 100 Force 100 Mbps operation 1000 Force 1000 Mbps operation auto Enable AUTO speed configuration C3750X-5F-I02-2-252(config-if)#