selenium+python自動化框架

流程:

 

 

環境準備

eclipse ：需安裝pydev、testng插件

python ：安裝python完成後，需 pip下安裝selenium：命令： pip install selenium

我如今的環境：eclipse【 Neon.3 Release (4.6.3)】+JDK1.8+python3.6.3+pydev 6.4.4+selenium3.8.1

2  eclipse建立python項目

 

1  src：框架主要代碼，很重要！！其中，framework主要實現 配置文件的讀取，日誌類，讀取數據庫，selenium經常使用方法封裝，瀏覽器啓動類等

2  config ：配置文件，配置url，數據庫等

data：放的測試案例的數據—由於表太多，如今不用了，數據改放在了數據庫中

3  logs：顧名思義，放生成的日誌

4  PageElement：放須要的頁面元素

5  report：生成的測試報告會在這裏

6  result：原本想放具體的測試結果，如哪條案例未經過放這裏！！如今也沒啥用！能夠不用

7  screenshot：放運行錯誤後的截圖

8  tools：工具類：如驅動啥的

1. 測試數據準備

3.1 測試元素表

3.2測試數據表**

 

1. 測試主框架的搭建

4.1框架目錄

 

 

每一個包的解釋：

 

framework：自動化測試框架的支撐，主要實現功能爲對selenium一些經常使用方法的封裝，配置文件的讀取、測試數據的讀取，瀏覽器驅動的調用，日誌文件的建立等；

【11月更新】如今添加了讀取數據庫的類

pageobject：採用了頁面對象模型Page-Object的思想，將被測系統的每一個頁面對應成一個頁面類，將每一個頁面對象的惟一屬性存放於頁面元素表中，並經過該頁面類進行讀取，實現該頁面的操做方法，如：輸入，點擊等操做

testsuit：測試套件。測試套件是不少測試用例的集合，一個測試套件能夠隨意管理多個測試用例

testrunner：用來執行加載測試用例，並執行用例，且提供測試輸出的一個組件。test runner能夠加載test case或者test suite進行執行測試任務。

test：自測用的，能夠不要！！！

 

4.2框架之-----瀏覽器引擎配置 browser-engine類

4.2.1.config下新建：config.ini

# this is config file, only store browser type and server URL 
 [browserType] browserName = Firefox #browserName = Chrome  #browserName = IE 
 [testServer] URL = http://XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX  #輸入你要測得url地址 #URL = http://www.google.com

4.2.2 framework下新建browser_engine.py

封裝對瀏覽器的操做

 

from selenium import webdriver import configparser import sys,os class Browser(object): # 打開瀏覽器
    def open_browser(self): config = configparser.ConfigParser() dir = os.path.abspath('.').split('src')[0] config.read( dir+"/config/config.ini") browser = config.get("browserType", "browserName") logger.info("You had select %s browser." % browser) url = config.get("testServer", "URL") if browser == "Firefox": self.driver = webdriver.Firefox() elif browser == "Chrome": self.driver = webdriver.Chrome() elif browser == "IE": self.driver = webdriver.Ie() self.driver.set_window_size(1920,1080) #分辨率
        #self.driver.maximize_window()#最大化
 self.driver.get(url) return self.driver # 打開url站點
    def open_url(self, url): self.driver.get(url) # 關閉瀏覽器 
    def quit_browser(self): self.driver.quit() # 瀏覽器前進操做
    def forward(self): self.driver.forward() # 瀏覽器後退操做
    def back(self): self.driver.back() # 隱式等待
    def wait(self, seconds): self.driver.implicitly_wait(seconds)

 

4.3 框架之-----日誌配置 logger類
4.3.1 framework下新建logger.py

import logging import time import os class Logger(object): def __init__(self, logger): '指定保存日誌的文件路徑，日誌級別，以及調用文件,將日誌存入到指定的文件中'
        
        # 建立一個logger
        self.logger = logging.getLogger(logger) #self.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) 
        # 建立一個handler，用於寫入日誌文件
        rq = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M', time.localtime(time.time())) log_dir = os.path.abspath('.').split('src')[0] + '/logs/' log_name = log_dir + rq + '.log' fh = logging.FileHandler(log_name) fh.setLevel(logging.INFO) # 再建立一個handler，用於輸出到控制檯
        ch = logging.StreamHandler() #ch.setLevel(logging.INFO) 
 ch.setLevel(logging.ERROR) # 定義handler的輸出格式
        formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s') fh.setFormatter(formatter) ch.setFormatter(formatter) # 給logger添加handler
 self.logger.addHandler(fh) self.logger.addHandler(ch) def getlog(self): return self.logger

4.3.2 其餘類中引用日誌類
在其餘類前面先導入日誌類：

 

from framework.logger import Logger logger = Logger("XXXXX頁面").getlog() # 在你想打印日誌的地方加上： 
logger.info(XXXXXX) logger.error(XXXXX) #可參考下面的類

 

4.4框架之-----selenium二次封裝 basepage類
framework下新建basepage.py封裝對頁面的基本操做，其中包含：查找元素、點擊元素、輸入、下拉選擇、切換iframe，執行js等

import time from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains import os.path from framework.logger import Logger from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from random import choice logger = Logger("BasePage").getlog() class BasePage(object): "定義一個頁面基類，讓全部頁面都繼承這個類，封裝一些經常使用的頁面操做方法到這個類"

    def __init__(self, driver): self.driver = driver # 查找元素
    def find_element(self, selector): element = ''
        if '=>' not in selector: return self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector) selector_by = selector.split('=>')[0] selector_value = selector.split('=>')[1] if selector_by == 'id': try: element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector_value) logger.info("Had find the element \' %s \' successful "  
                            "by %s via value: %s " % (element.text, selector_by, selector_value)) except NoSuchElementException as e: logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" % e) elif selector_by == "n" or selector_by == 'name': element = self.driver.find_element_by_name(selector_value) elif  selector_by == 'css_selector': element = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector_value) elif  selector_by == 'classname': element = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(selector_value) elif selector_by == "l" or selector_by == 'link_text': element = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(selector_value) elif selector_by == "p" or selector_by == 'partial_link_text': element = self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(selector_value) elif selector_by == "t" or selector_by == 'tag_name': element = self.driver.find_element_by_tag_name(selector_value) elif selector_by == "x" or selector_by == 'xpath': try: element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(selector_value) logger.info("Had find the element \' %s \' successful "  
                                "by %s via value: %s " % (element.text, selector_by, selector_value)) except NoSuchElementException as e: logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" % e) elif selector_by == "s" or selector_by == 'selector_selector': element = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector_value) else: raise NameError("Please enter a valid type of targeting elements.") return element # 輸入
    def input(self, selector, text): el = self.find_element(selector) try: el.clear() el.send_keys(text) logger.info("Had type \' %s \' in inputBox" % text) except NameError as e: logger.error("Failed to type in input box with %s" % e) @staticmethod def sleep(seconds): time.sleep(seconds) logger.info("Sleep for %d seconds" % seconds) # 點擊
    def click(self, selector): el = self.find_element(selector) try: el.click() #logger.info("The element \' %s \' was clicked." % el.text) 
        except NameError as e: logger.error("Failed to click the element with %s" % e) # 切到iframe
    def switch_frame(self): iframe = self.find_element('classname=>embed-responsive-item') try: self.driver.switch_to_frame(iframe) # logger.info("The element \' %s \' was clicked." % iframe.text) 
        except NameError as e: logger.error("Failed to click the element with %s" % e) # 處理標準下拉選擇框,隨機選擇
    def select(self, id): select1 = self.find_element(id) try: options_list=select1.find_elements_by_tag_name('option') del options_list[0] s1=choice(options_list) Select(select1).select_by_visible_text(s1.text) logger.info("隨機選的是：%s" % s1.text) except NameError as e: logger.error("Failed to click the element with %s" % e) # 執行js
    def execute_js(self, js): self.driver.execute_script(js) # 模擬回車鍵
    def enter(self, selector): e1 = self.find_element(selector) e1.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) # 模擬鼠標左擊
    def leftclick(self, element): #e1 = self.find_element(selector)
 ActionChains(self.driver).click(element).perform() # 截圖，保存在根目錄下的screenshots 
    def take_screenshot(self): screen_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('../..')) + '/screenshots/' rq = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.localtime(time.time())) screen_name = screen_dir + rq + '.png'  
        try : self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screen_name) logger.info("Had take screenshot and saved!") except Exception as e: logger.error("Failed to take screenshot!", format(e)) def isElementExist(self,xpath): flag=True driver=self.driver try: driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath) return flag except: flag=False return flag

4.5框架之-----讀表操做封裝【如今有些方法不須要了，由於是從數據庫讀】

framework下新建readexcle.py,主要獲取表中的數據
需先pip安裝：xlrd

import xlrd class ReadExcle(object): ''' classdoc '''
    def __init__(self,file,tag='True'): self.file=file self.tag=tag ''' 輸入參數，返回某個sheet列表中的全部值 sheetname:excel文件的具體sheet名稱 n：開始行數，從第n行開始讀 num:讀取num行 '''  
    def read(self,sheetname,n=1,num=1000):#i,sheet索引
        ExcelFile = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file) table = ExcelFile.sheet_by_name(sheetname) nrows = table.nrows #行數
        ncols = table.ncols #列數
        j = 0 #循環次數
        for row in range(1,nrows): j+=1 line = [] if self.tag == 'True': for col in range(0,ncols): line.append(table.cell(row,col).value) yield line elif self.tag == 'False': if j >= n and j< n+num: for col in range(0,ncols): line.append(table.cell(row,col).value) yield line ''' 讀取頁面元素表 list1 頁面元素路徑列表 list2 頁面元素js列表 '''  
    def get(self,sheetname): ExcelFile=xlrd.open_workbook(self.file) sheet=ExcelFile.sheet_by_name(sheetname)#'Sheet1'
        nrows = sheet.nrows #總行數
        list0=[]#元素名稱列表
        list1=[]#元素路徑列表
        list2=[]#js列表
        for i in range(1,nrows):#i爲行數 
            if sheet.row(i)[2].value != 'null': r1=sheet.row(i)[2].value r2=sheet.row(i)[3].value list0.append(sheet.row(i)[0].value) list1.append(r1+'=>'+r2) dict1=dict(zip(list0,list1)) else: list2.append(sheet.row(i)[3].value) return dict1,list2 ''' 返回excel文件具體sheet的具體某個單元格的值 i,j爲單元格所在位置 ''' 
    def read_1(self,sheetname,i,j): ExcelFile = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file) table = ExcelFile.sheet_by_name(sheetname) #print(table.cell(1,0).value)
        return table.cell(i,j).value ''' 讀取給定列數，如讀取該表中第3列~5列 '''  
    def read_ncols(self,sheetname,ncols,n=1,num=1000):#i,sheet索引
        ExcelFile = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file) table = ExcelFile.sheet_by_name(sheetname) nrows = table.nrows #行數
        ncols = table.ncols #列數
        j = 0 #循環次數
        for row in range(1,nrows): j+=1 line = [] if self.tag == 'True': for col in range(0,ncols): line.append(table.cell(row,col).value) yield line elif self.tag == 'False': if j >= n and j< n+num: for col in range(0,ncols): line.append(table.cell(row,col).value) yield line