Memcached原理與部署

Memcached概述

一套開源的高性能分佈式內存對象緩存系統
全部的數據都存儲在內存中
支持任意存儲類型的數據
提升網站的訪問速度

Memcached經常使用架構

Memcached路由算法

●求餘數hash算法
先用key作hash運算獲得一個整數，再去作hash算法,根據餘數進行路
由，這種算法適合大多數據需求,可是不適合用在動態變化的環境中
●一致性hash算法
按照hash算法把對應的key經過必定的hash算法處理後映射造成一一個首
尾相接閉合循環，而後經過使用與對象存儲同樣的hash算法將機器也映
射到環中，順時針方向計算將全部對象存儲到裏本身最近的機器中
適合在動態變化的環境中使用

環境部署

服務器角色	IP地址	須要安裝的軟件包
Memcached服務器	192.168.142.139	memcached-1.5.6.tar.gz、libevent-2.1.8-stable.tar.gz
Memcache客戶端	192.168.142.130	memcache-2.2.7.tgz 、LAMP（httpd、mysql、php）

第一步:配置Memcached服務器

1.安裝編譯環境

[root@server ~]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ make -y

2.遠程掛載獲取資源包

[root@server ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.142.1/memcached /mnt

3.解壓資源包

[root@server memcached]# tar zxvf libevent-2.1.8-stable.tar.gz -C /opt
[root@server memcached]# tar zxvf memcached-1.5.6.tar.gz -C /opt
[root@server memcached]# tar zxvf magent-0.5.tar.gz -C /opt

4.配置並編譯安裝libevent

[root@server memcached]# cd /opt/libevent-2.1.8-stable
[root@server libevent-2.1.8-stable]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
[root@server libevent-2.1.8-stable]# make && make install

5.編譯安裝memcached

[root@server libevent-2.1.8-stable]# cd /opt/memcached-1.5.6/
[root@server memcached-1.5.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent/
[root@server memcached-1.5.6]# make && make install

6.創建服務命令的軟連接到系統,便於操做

[root@server memcached-1.5.6]# ln -s /usr/local/memcached/bin/* /usr/local/bin

7.啓動服務,-d守護進程 ；-m緩存大小32M ；-p端口11211; -u用戶

[root@server memcached-1.5.6]# memcached -d -m 32m -p 11211 -u root

8.查看服務端口狀態

[root@server memcached-1.5.6]# netstat -ntap | grep memcached
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:11211           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      129587/memcached    
tcp6       0      0 :::11211                :::*                    LISTEN      129587/memcached

9.安裝與使用telnet鏈接memcached

[root@server memcached-1.5.6]# yum install telnet -y

#鏈接使用telnet 
[root@server memcached-1.5.6]# telnet 127.0.0.1 11211

#添加鍵名,不設置序列號,不設置過時時間,即將輸入的字節長度
add username 0 0 0 

#查看鍵值
gets username 

#最後一個數字是跟新因子
VALUE username 0 7 1   

#更新，若鍵名不存在，則報錯
replace username 0 0 9

#更新,對不存在的進行添加
set username 0 0 10

#檢查更新，更新因子相等則更新不然返回EXISTS
cas username 0 0 7 4  

#鍵後追加數據 最後數字是追加的字節數
apppend username 0 0 4

#鍵值前追加數據
prepend username 0 0 2

#刪除鍵
delete username  

#清除全部緩存數據
flush_all 

#顯示狀態信息
stats 

#返回全部鍵值對的統計信息
stats items

#返回指定存儲空間的鍵值對 
stats cachedump 1 0

#顯示各個slab的信息
stats slabs

#輸出全部item的大小和個數
stats sizes

#退出
quit

第二步:配置客戶端的LAMP架構

1.使用腳本安裝架構

[root@client ~]# vim lamp.sh

#!/bin/bash
#請使用source執行此腳本
#數據庫默認密碼爲123123

#遠程掛載
df -hT | grep -o "cifs"
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
echo "Start mount"
yum install expect -y
read -p "請輸入提供資源主機IP：" gongip
/usr/bin/expect <<-EOF
spawn mount.cifs //$gongip/LAMP /mnt/
expect {
    "Password*"
    {send "\r"}
}
expect eof
EOF
fi

#安裝apache服務
cd /mnt/

tar zxf apr-1.6.2.tar.gz -C /opt
tar zxf apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /opt/
tar jxf httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2 -C /opt/

cd /opt/

mv apr-1.6.2/ httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr
mv apr-util-1.6.0/ httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr-util

yum -y install gcc \
gcc-c++ \
make \
pcre-devel \
expat-devel \
perl

cd /opt/httpd-2.4.29/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd \
--enable-so \
--enable-rewrite \
--enable-charset-lite \
--enable-cgi

make && make install

cp /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd

sed -i -e '2a# chkconfig: 35 85 21\n# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server' /etc/init.d/httpd

chkconfig --add httpd

sed -i -e '197d' -e '196aServerName www.kgc.com:80' /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ip=`ifconfig ens33 | awk 'NR==2{print $2}'`

sed -i -e '52s/^/#/' -e '51d' -e "50aListen $ip:80" /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

ln -s /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/
ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

systemctl stop firewalld.service
setenforce 0
service httpd start

netstat -ntuap | grep httpd
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then 
    echo Apache服務啓動
else 
    echo 啓動失敗
    exit 1
fi

#安裝mysql服務
echo "================================="
echo "安裝mysql數據庫，請稍後。。。"
sleep 3

yum install -y ncurses-devel autoconf cmake
cd /mnt/
tar zxf mysql-5.6.26.tar.gz -C /opt/
cd /opt/mysql-5.6.26

cmake  \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DSYSCONFIDIR=/etc \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql/ \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/home/mysql/mysql.sock

echo "進行編譯安裝，要好久，請稍後。。。"
make && make install

cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --level 235 mysqld on

echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

echo $PATH | grep -o "mysql"
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then 
    echo "添加成功"
else 
    echo "失敗"
    exit 1
fi

useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \
--user=mysql \
--ldata=/var/lib/mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/home/mysql

sed -i -e '47d' -e '46d' -e '45abasedir=/usr/local/mysql\ndatadir=/home/mysql' /etc/init.d/mysqld
service mysqld start

netstat -ntuap | grep mysqld
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
        echo Mysql數據庫啓動
else
        echo 啓動失敗
    exit 1 
fi

#read -p "請輸入數據庫密碼（自定義）：" mima
/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
spawn mysqladmin -u root -p password 123123 
expect {
    "Enter*"
    {send "\r"}
}
expect eof
EOF

#安裝PHP工具
yum install -y gd \
libpng \
libpng-devel \
pcre \
pcre-devel \
libxml2-devel \
libjpeg-devel

cd ~
tar jxf /mnt/php-5.6.11.tar.bz2 -C /opt/
cd /opt/php-5.6.11

./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php5 \
--with-gd \
--with-zlib \
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php5 \
--enable-mbstring

make && make install

cp -p php.ini-development /usr/local/php5/php.ini
ln -s /usr/local/php5/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

sed -i '393a    AddType application/x-httpd-php .php\n    AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps' /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

sed -i -e '256d' -e '255aDirectoryIndex index.html index.php' /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

cat > /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.php <<-EOF
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
EOF

service httpd stop
service httpd start

rm -rf /opt/*
umount /mnt

source /etc/profile
echo $PATH | grep -o "mysql"
while [ $? -ne 0 ];do
  while [ "a" = "a" ]
    do
    echo "錯誤！！"
    sleep 2
    done
done
echo "LAMP架構已完成,歡迎下次光臨!"

2.執行腳本,根據提示信息輸入對應內容便可

[root@client ~]# source lamp.sh

3.驗證數據庫運行

#進入數據庫
[root@client php-5.6.11]# mysql -uroot -p123123

#建立數據庫名爲poke
mysql> create database poke;

#提權poke用戶
mysql>  grant all on poke.* to 'pokeuser'@'client' identified by 'admin123';

#刷新數據庫
mysql> flush privileges;

#退出數據庫
mysql> quit

4.修改PHP首頁內容

[root@client ~]# vim /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.php

<?php
$link=mysql_connect('192.168.142.130','pokeuser','admin123');
if($link) echo "<h1>Success!!</h1>";
else echo "Fail!!";
mysql_close();
?>

5.使用瀏覽器訪問http://192.168.142.130/index.php測試是否成功

第三步:客戶端安裝Memcache

1.安裝環境包

[root@client ~]# yum install autoconf -y

2.遠程掛載獲取資源包

[root@client ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.142.1/memcached /mnt

3.解壓資源包

[root@client memcached]# tar zvxf memcache-2.2.7.tgz -C /opt/

4.切入memcache-2.2.7目錄

[root@client memcached]# cd /opt/memcache-2.2.7/

5.增長PHP的模塊後再對memcache進行配置

[root@client memcache-2.2.7]# /usr/local/php5/bin/phpize

6.配置memcache

[root@client memcache-2.2.7]# ./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config

7.編譯安裝

[root@client memcache-2.2.7]# make && make install

8.修改PHP主配置文件

[root@client memcache-2.2.7]# vim /usr/local/php5/php.ini

#替換第736行引號中內容
extension_dir="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20131226/"
#追加下述條目 
extension = memcache.so

9.編寫測試網頁，測試memcache

[root@client memcache-2.2.7]# vim /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.php

<?php
$memcache = new Memcache();
#指向memcached服務器地址
$memcache->connect('192.168.142.139',11211);
$memcache->set('key','Memcache test Successfull!',0,60);
$result = $memcache->get('key');
unset($memcache);
echo $result;
?>

10.重啓httpd服務

[root@client memcache-2.2.7]# service httpd restart

11.使用瀏覽器訪問http://192.168.142.130/index.php測試是否成功