測試編號:OSPF-4網絡
測試項目:OSPF的鄰居創建ide
測試子項目:影響OSPF鄰居創建的因素測試
測試拓撲:spa
測試過程;開啓OSPForm
測試方法1:router
R5(config)#router ospf 1blog
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 0
R2(config)#router ospf 1backbone
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
測試1的結果:
R2#show ip ospf neighbor
R2#
*Mar 1 00:15:37.335: %OSPF-4-ERRRCV: Received invalid packet: mismatch area ID, from backbone area must be virtual-link but not found from 172.16.5.1, FastEthernet0/1
Area ID不一致,不能創建鄰居
測試方法2:
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
測試2的結果:
R2#show ip ospf neighbor
R2#
*Mar 1 00:21:37.075: %OSPF-4-DUP_RTRID_NBR: OSPF detected duplicate router-id 172.16.0.5 from 172.16.5.1 on interface FastEthernet0/1
Router-id 重複,不能創建鄰居
測試方法3:
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
R5(config-router)#area 1 stub
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.2
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.3 ar 0
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
R2(config-router)#area 2 stub
測試3的結果:
R2#show ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:34 172.16.2.2 FastEthernet0/0
172.16.0.5 1 DOWN/DROTHER - 172.16.5.1 FastEthernet0/1
R2#
*Mar 1 00:48:20.731: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.0.5 on FastEthernet0/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset
測試方法4:
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
R5(config-router)#area 1 nssa
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.2
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.3 ar 0
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
R2(config-router)#area 2 nssa
測試4的結果:
R2#show ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:33 172.16.2.2 FastEthernet0/0
172.16.0.5 1 DOWN/DROTHER - 172.16.5.1 FastEthernet0/1
*Mar 1 00:48:20.731: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.0.5 on FastEthernet0/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset
Stub、NSSA配置不一致,不能創建鄰居
測試方法5:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip add 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.240
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.15 ar 1
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.2
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
測試5的結果:
R5#show ip ospf neighbor
*Mar 1 01:08:35.427: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.0.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
子網掩碼不一致,不能創建鄰居
測試方法6:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip add 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.252
R5(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3ar 1
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.5.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcast
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.2
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 ar 1
測試6的結果:
R5#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:34 172.16.5.2 FastEthernet0/0
R2# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:34 172.16.2.2 FastEthernet0/0
172.16.0.5 1 FULL/DR 00:00:30 172.16.5.1 FastEthernet0/1
點對點類型與廣播類型,能夠創建鄰居
測試方法7:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip add 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.252
R5(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3ar 1
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.5.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network non-broadcast
R2(config-if)#exit
測試7的結果:
R2#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:35 172.16.2.2 FastEthernet0/0
點對點類型與非廣播類型,不能夠創建鄰居
測試方法8:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip add 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.252
R5(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3ar 1
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.5.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)# ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
R2(config-if)#exit
測試8的結果:
*Mar 1 01:42:18.663: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.0.5 on FastEthernet0/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
點對點類型與點對多點類型,不能夠創建鄰居
測試方法9:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip add 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.252
R5(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcast
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#router-id 172.16.0.5
R5(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3ar 1
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.5.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
R2(config-if)#exit
測試9的結果:
R5#show ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.2 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:03 172.16.5.2 FastEthernet0/0
R2#show ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
172.16.0.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:34 172.16.2.2 FastEthernet0/0
172.16.0.5 0 FULL/ - 00:00:03 172.16.5.1 FastEthernet0/1
廣播多路訪問類型與點對多點類型,能夠創建鄰居
point-to-point 點對點類型
point-to-multipoint 點對多點類型
broadcast 廣播多路訪問類型
non-broadcast 非廣播多路訪問類型
網絡類型不一致,有可能創建鄰居
測試方法10:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval 2
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval 1
測試10的結果:
R5#show ip ospf neighbor
*Mar 1 02:05:12.279: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.0.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Dead timer expired
Hello時間不一致,不能創建鄰居
Hello時間<1-65535>s
測試方法11:
R5(config)#inter f0/0
R5(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval 10
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval 15
測試11的結果:
R5#show ip ospf neighbor
*Mar 1 02:19:00.255: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.0.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Dead timer expired
死亡時間不一致,不能創建鄰居
死亡時間<1-65535>s
預期結果:常見OSPF鄰居不能創建的緣由
(1) Area ID不一致;Router-id 重複
(2) Stub、NSSA配置不一致
(3) 子網掩碼不一致
(4) 網絡類型不一致
(5) Hello時間、Down時間不一致
(6) DR選舉問題
(7) MTU不一致
(8) OSPF鄰居認證問題
測試結果:
(1) Area ID不一致;Router-id 重複
(2) Stub、NSSA配置不一致
(3) 子網掩碼不一致
(4) Hello時間、Down時間不一致
(5) DR選舉問題
(6) MTU不一致
(7) OSPF鄰居認證問題