會話技術Cookie&Session

會話技術

  從打開一個瀏覽器訪問某個站點,到關閉這個瀏覽器的整個過程,成爲一次會話。會     話技術就是記錄此次會話中客戶端態的狀與數據的。html

會話技術分爲Cookie和Session:java

  Cookie:數據存儲在客戶端本地,減小服務器端的存儲的壓力,安全性很差,客戶端      能夠清除cookieweb

  Session:將數據存儲到服務器端,安全性相對好,增長服務器的壓力面試

服務器端向客戶端發送一個Cookie

 

1)建立Cookie:數組

Cookie cookie = new Cookie(String cookieName,String cookieValue);

示例:瀏覽器

Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username","zhangsan");

該cookie會以響應頭的形式發送給客戶端:安全

 

Set-Cookie:"name=zhangsan"

注意:Cookie中不能存儲中文服務器

2)設置Cookie在客戶端的持久化時間:cookie

cookie.setMaxAge(int seconds); ---時間秒session

注意:若是不設置持久化時間,cookie會存儲在瀏覽器的內存中,瀏覽器關閉        cookie信息銷燬(會話級別的cookie),若是設置持久化時間,cookie信息會被持久化到瀏覽器的磁盤文件裏

示例:

cookie.setMaxAge(10*60);

設置cookie信息在瀏覽器的磁盤文件中存儲的時間是10分鐘,過時瀏覽器       自動刪除該cookie信息

3)設置Cookie的攜帶路徑:

cookie.setPath(String path);

注意:若是不設置攜帶路徑,那麼該cookie信息會在訪問產生該cookie的         web資源所在的路徑都攜帶cookie信息

//示例:
cookie.setPath("/WEB16");
//表明訪問WEB16應用中的任何資源都攜帶cookie
cookie.setPath("/WEB16/cookieServlet");
//表明訪問WEB16中的cookieServlet時才攜帶cookie信息

4)向客戶端發送cookie:

response.addCookie(Cookie cookie);

5)刪除客戶端的cookie:

若是想刪除客戶端的已經存儲的cookie信息,那麼就使用同名同路徑的持久化時   間爲0的cookie進行覆蓋便可

例子:

package com.oracle.demo01;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class SendCookieServlet extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //建立cookie
        Cookie cookie=new Cookie("goods","phone");
        //設置cookie持久化存儲時間,也就是在磁盤中保存時間
        cookie.setMaxAge(60*3);
        //設置cookie攜帶路徑
//        cookie.setPath("/Web06/SendCookieServlet");
        //cookie.setPath("/WEB16");
        //表明訪問WEB16應用中的任何資源都攜帶cookie
        //cookie.setPath("/WEB16/cookieServlet");
        //表明訪問WEB16中的cookieServlet時才攜帶cookie信息
        //cookie.setPath("/");表明服務器下全部資源都攜帶
        //刪除cookie
        
        //發送cookie
        response.addCookie(cookie);
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

清除Cookies

package com.oracle.demo01;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class removecookieservlet extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //刪除客戶端保存的信息
        //建立cookie
        Cookie cookie=new Cookie("goods","phone");
        //設置cookie攜帶路徑
        cookie.setPath("/Web06/SendCookieServlet");
        cookie.setMaxAge(0);
        //發送cookie
        response.addCookie(cookie);
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

 

 

服務器端怎麼接受客戶端攜帶的Cookie

cookie信息是以請求頭的方式發送到服務器端的:

Cookies:"name=zhangsan"

1)經過request得到全部的Cookie:

Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();

2)遍歷Cookie數組,經過Cookie的名稱得到咱們想要的Cookie

for(Cookie cookie : cookies){
  if(cookie.getName().equal(cookieName)){
    String cookieValue = cookie.getValue();
  }
}

例子:

package com.oracle.demo01;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class GETCookieServlet extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //得到客戶端攜帶的cookie
        Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
        //遍歷,經過cookie名稱得到想要的cookie值
        for(Cookie c : cookies){
            if(c.getName().equals("goods")){
                String cookieValue = c.getValue();
                System.out.println(cookieValue);
            }
        }

    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

例子:顯示用戶上次訪問時間
  第一次訪問,你是第一次訪問,
  非第一次訪問,顯示上次訪問時間

package com.oracle.demo02;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
//顯示用戶上次訪問時間
//第一次訪問,你是第一次訪問,
//非第一次訪問,顯示上次訪問時間
public class WelcomeServlet extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //獲取當前時間
        Date date=new Date();
        SimpleDateFormat sdf =new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
        String time=sdf.format(date);
        //建立cookie對象
        Cookie cookie=new Cookie("lastAccessTime",time);
        cookie.setMaxAge(60*3);
        response.addCookie(cookie);
        //獲取cookie值
        Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
        String lastAccessTime=null;
        if(cookies!=null){
            for(Cookie c : cookies){
                    if(c.getName().equals("lastAccessTime")){
                        lastAccessTime = c.getValue();
                    }
            }

        }
        //解決響應時中文亂碼問題
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        if(lastAccessTime==null){
            response.getWriter().write("你是第一次訪問");
        }else{
            response.getWriter().write("你上次訪問的時間"+lastAccessTime);
        }
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

 

Session技術

  Session技術是將數據存儲在服務器端的技術,會爲每一個客戶端都建立一塊內存空間         存儲客戶的數據,但客戶端須要每次都攜帶一個標識ID去服務器中尋找屬於本身的內存空間。因此說Session的實現是基於Cookie,Session須要藉助於Cookie存儲客         戶的惟一性標識JSESSIONID

得到Session對象

HttpSession session = request.getSession();
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //建立屬於該客戶端(會話)的私有的session區域
//    request.getSession()方法內部會判斷 該客戶端是否在服務器端已經存在session
//    若是該客戶端在此服務器不存在session 那麼就會建立一個新的session對象
//    若是該客戶端在此服務器已經存在session 那麼就得到已經存在的該session返回
        HttpSession session=request.getSession();
        String id=session.getId();//該session對象的編號id
        response.getWriter().write("JESSIONID:"+id);
    }

向session中存取數據(session也是一個域對象)

Session也是存儲數據的區域對象,因此session對象也具備以下三個方法:

session.setAttribute(String name,Object obj);
session.getAttribute(String name);
session.removeAttribute(String name);

Session對象的生命週期

on對象的生命週期(面試題/筆試題)

建立:第一次執行request.getSession()時建立

銷燬:

1)服務器(非正常)關閉時

2)session過時/失效(默認30分鐘)

 

時間的起算點 從不操做服務器端的資源開始計時

 

能夠在工程的web.xml中進行配置

<session-config>

        <session-timeout>30</session-timeout>

</session-config>

3)手動銷燬session

session.invalidate();

做用範圍:

默認在一次會話中,也就是說在,一次會話中任何資源公用一個session對象

 

例子:

package com.oracle.demo03;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class SessionServlet1 extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //獲取session對象
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        //向session中存數據
        session.setAttribute("goods","手機");
        String id=session.getId();
        //將JSESSIONID持久化存儲
        Cookie cookie=new Cookie("JSESSIONID",id);
        cookie.setPath("/Web06");
        cookie.setMaxAge(60*3);
        response.addCookie(cookie);
        response.getWriter().write("JSESSIONID:"+id);
        
        
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}
package com.oracle.demo03;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class SessionServlet2 extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //得到session對象
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        //獲取值
        String goods=(String)session.getAttribute("goods");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        response.getWriter().write(goods);
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

總結

會話技術:

Cookie技術:存到客戶端

  發送cookie

    Cookie cookie = new Cookie(name,value)

    cookie.setMaxAge(秒)

    cookie.setPath()

    response.addCookie(cookie)

  得到cookie

    Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();

    cookie.getName();

    cookie.getValue();

 

Session技術:存到服務器端 藉助cookie存儲JSESSIONID

  HttpSession session = request.getSession();

  setAttribute(name,value);

  getAttribute(name);

 

session生命週期

  建立:第一次指定request.getSession();

  銷燬:服務器關閉、session失效/過時、手動session.invalidate();

  session做用範圍:默認一會話中

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