python 簡單的接口測試框架

 什麼是自動化：就是寫代碼幫你測試，原來你測試都是手動點點點，如今你寫代碼來幫你點點點。

一.自動化框架

能夠理解爲工具的集合，把平常所須要實現功能的代碼，模塊進行封裝起來結合其餘的工具進行測試。得出結論報告。

二.作自動框架步驟：

1.讀取excel 獲取用例，

2.解析用例

3.解析返回結果進行對比，檢查是否經過仍是失敗

4.把返回的結果寫入excel

5.生成報告，發郵件

三.搭建自動化框架

框架目錄結構：

 

excel用例表格：

import os,sys
BAE_PATH  = os.path.dirname(
os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
) #atp的目錄
sys.path.insert(0,BAE_PATH)
from conf.setting import CASE_PATH
from core import case_operation,parse_param,parse_response
from core import tools
import glob
#glob文件路徑查詢
class RunCase:
    content = '''
    各位好！
        本次測試結果：總共運行%s條用例，經過%s條，失敗%s條。詳細信息見附件。
    '''
    def get_excel(self):
        #s='/Users/nhy/test*.xls'
        for excel in glob.glob(os.path.join(CASE_PATH,'test*.xls')):
            cases = case_operation.get_case(excel)#調用讀取excel的函數
            results = self.send_requests(cases) #發送請求，並校驗結果
            report_file_path = tools.write_res(excel,results)#寫入結果
            all_count = len(cases) #總共多條用例
            fail_count = all_count - self.success_count
            content = self.content%(all_count,self.success_count,fail_count)
            tools.send_mail(content,report_file_path)
    def send_requests(self,cases):
        #    #[[url,get,data,check],[url,get,data,check]]
        self.success_count = 0
        results = []
        for case in cases:
            url,method,param,check = case #獲取到每條用例的參數
            p = parse_param.ParseParam(param) #解析請求參數
            data = p.strToDict()#請求參數轉成字典
            response = case_operation.send_request(url,method,data)#發請求
            #下面這2行代碼是判斷用例執行是否經過的
            p2 = parse_response.ResponseParse(response,check)
            status, msg = p2.check_res()#調用寫好的校驗結果方法,
            real_res = str(response)+'\n'+msg #是把校驗的信息和返回的json拼到一塊兒
            results.append([real_res,status]) #這裏面的小list是每個用例運行的結果
            if status == '經過':
                self.success_count += 1 #統計成功的次數
        return results #返回運行的結果

    def main(self):
        print('開始測試'.center(50,'*'))
        self.get_excel()
        print('測試結束'.center(50,'*'))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    run = RunCase()
    run.main()

start （程序入口）

用例讀取，判斷請求方式

import xlrd
from core.my_requests import MyRequest
def get_case(path):
    '''
    :param path: excel測試用例
    :return: 二維數組，每個裏面是一條測試用例
    '''
    all_case = []
    book = xlrd.open_workbook(path)
    sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)
    for i in range(1,sheet.nrows):
        row_data = sheet.row_values(i)[4:8]
        all_case.append(row_data)
    #[[url,get,data,check],[url,get,data,check]]
    return all_case

def send_request(url,method,data,headers=None):
    req = MyRequest(url,data,headers=headers)
    if method.upper()=="POST":
        res = req.post()
    elif method.upper() =='GET':
        res = req.get()
    else:
        res = {"data":"暫時不支持該方法！"}
    return res['data']

case_operation（用例讀取）

文件配置

import requests
import nnlog
from conf.setting import LOG_PATH
import os
BAE_PATH  = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) #atp的目錄

LOG_PATH = os.path.join(BAE_PATH,'logs') #log目錄
CASE_PATH = os.path.join(BAE_PATH,'cases') #case目錄
REPORT_PATH = os.path.join(BAE_PATH,'report') #report目錄
CORE_PATH = os.path.join(BAE_PATH,'core') #core目錄
MAIL_INFO = {
    'user':'xxxx@qq.com',
    'password':'sdfsdf',
    'host':'smtp.qq.com',
    'smtp_ssl':True,#發件箱是qq郵箱的話，改爲True
}

TO = ['511402865@qq.com','496647026@qq.com','649623416@qq.com','ray-zuo@qq.com']

setting

URL獲取參數進行解析

import requests
import nnlog
import os
from conf.setting import LOG_PATH
class MyRequest:
    log_file_name  = os.path.join(LOG_PATH,'MyRequest.log')#日子文件名
    time_out = 10 #請求超時時間
    def __init__(self,url,data=None,headers=None,file=None):
        self.url = url
        self.data = data
        self.headers = headers
        self.file = file
    def post(self):
        try:
            req = requests.post(self.url,data=self.data,headers=self.headers,
                                files=self.file,timeout=self.time_out)
        except Exception as e:
            res = {"status":0,"data":e.args}  #0表明請求失敗
        else:
            try:
               res = {"status":1,"data":req.json()} #1表明返回的json
            except Exception as e:
                res = {"staus":2,"data":req.text} #2表明返回不是json
        log_str = 'url： %s 請求方式：post  data：%s ,返回數據：%s'%(self.url,self.data,res)
        self.write_log(log_str)
        return res
    def get(self):
        try:
            req = requests.get(self.url,params=self.data,headers=self.headers,timeout=self.time_out)
        except Exception as e:
            res = {"status":0,"data":e.args}  #0表明請求失敗
        else:
            try:
               res = {"status":1,"data":req.json()} #1表明返回的json

            except Exception as e:
                res = {"staus":2,"data":req.text} #2表明返回不是json
        log_str = 'url： %s get請求 data：%s ,返回數據：%s'%(self.url,self.data,res)
        self.write_log(log_str)
        return res

    @classmethod
    def write_log(cls,content):
        log = nnlog.Logger(cls.log_file_name)
        log.debug(content)

my_requests

 解析請求數據

import random
import string
import time
class ParseParam:
    #這個類是用來解析請求參數的
    func_map = ['phone','email','id_card','cur_time','money']
    #映射函數的
    def __init__(self,param):
        self.param = param
        self.parse()
    def phone(self):
        phone_starts = ['134','181','138','177','150','132','188','186','189','130','170','153','155']
        start = random.choice(phone_starts)
        end = str(random.randint(0,99999999))
        res = start+ end.zfill(8)
        return res
    def email(self):
        email_end=['163.com','qq.com','126.com','sina.com']
        end = random.choice(email_end)
        start_str='ATP_test_'
        email_start = ''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters+string.digits,6))
        return start_str+email_start+'@'+end
    '''def id_card(self):
        #這個產生身份證號的
        return 410881199011212121
    def cur_time(self):
        return int(time.time())
    def order_id(self):
        #從數據庫裏面獲取
        pass
    def session_id(self):
        #從redis裏面獲取的
        pass
    def money(self):
        return 10000
    '''
    def parse(self):
        for func in self.func_map:
            temp = str(getattr(self,func)()) #手機號
            self.param = self.param.replace('<%s>'%func,temp)
    def strToDict(self):
        #這個函數是把請求參數轉成字典的
        data ={}
        pl = self.param.split(',')
        for p in pl:
            temp = p.split('=')
            if len(temp)>1:
                key,value = temp
                data[key] = value
        return data

if __name__ == '__main__':
    param = 'username=niuhanyang' \
            ',phone=<phone>,email=<email>' \
            ',id_card=<id_card>,start_time=' \
            '<cur_time>,balan=<money>'
    p = ParseParam(param)
    data = p.strToDict()
    print(data)
'''print(p.phone())
    # res = getattr(p,'money') #獲取一個對象裏面的屬性（方法、變量）


    # # print(res())
    # import os,requests
    # res = hasattr(requests,'get')#判斷某個模塊、類下面有沒有某個方法或者變量
    # print(res)
用例的支持參數化，支持如下參數化：
<phone>   自動產生手機號
<id_card>  身份證號
<email>    郵箱
<cur_time>  當前時間戳
'''

parse_param

校驗檢查點

import jsonpath
class ResponseParse:
    seqs = ['!=', '>=', '<=', '=', '<', '>', 'in', 'notin']
    #定義支持的運算符
    def __init__(self,response,check):
        self.response = response
        self.check = check
    #進行解析 校驗結果，預期結果
    def format_check(self):
        #格式化檢查信息，分別列出key 運算符 實際結果
        #會返回 [['error_code','=','0'],['name','!=','xxx']]
        format_list = []
        check_list = self.check.split(',')
        for s in check_list:
            for seq in self.seqs:
                if seq in s:
                    if len(s.split(seq))>1:
                        key, value = s.split(seq)
                        temp = [key, seq, value]
                        format_list.append(temp)
                        break
        return format_list
    #1.檢查點解析完成

    def get_real_value(self,key):
        #從字典裏面獲取key對應的value
        res = jsonpath.jsonpath(self.response,'$..%s'%key)
        #$..%s這個是jsonpath這個模塊的用法
        if res:
            return res[0]
        return '找不到該key【%s】'%key
    #2.取得實際的值

    def operation_check(self,real,seq,hope):
        #根據運算符判斷結果（實際結果，運算符，預期結果）
        msg = "判斷信息：%s %s %s "%(real,seq,hope)
        real = str(real)#爲了保持類型一致
        if seq=='=':
            status = real == hope
        elif seq=='!=':
            status = real != hope
        elif seq =='in':
            status = real in hope
        elif seq =='notin':
            status = real not in hope
        else:
            status,msg = self.num_check(real,seq,hope)
        return status,msg

    def num_check(self,real,seq,hope):
        #判斷數值類型的
        msg = "判斷信息：%s %s %s "%(real,seq,hope)
        try:
            real=float(real)
            hope=float(hope)
        except Exception as e:
            msg = "比較時出錯，大小比較只能是數字類型！" \
                  "%s %s %s"%(real,seq,hope)
            status = False
        else:
            if seq=='>':
                status = real > hope
            elif seq =='<':
                status = real < hope
            elif seq == '<=':
                status  = real <= hope
            else:
                status = real >= hope
        return status,msg

    def check_res(self):
        #校驗全部的檢查點
        check_list = self.format_check()
        all_msg=''
        for check in check_list:#循環全部的檢查點
            key,seq,hope = check
            real = self.get_real_value(key)
            status,msg = self.operation_check(real,seq,hope)
            all_msg = all_msg+msg+'\n' #累加提示信息
            if status:
                pass
            else:
                return '失敗',all_msg
        return '經過',all_msg

parse_response

產生excel文件寫入校驗結果

import xlrd
from xlutils.copy import copy
import os
import datetime
from conf import setting
import yagmail
def make_today_dir():
    #建立當天的文件夾，返回絕對路徑
    today = str(datetime.date.today())
    #c:/xxx/xxx/atp/report/2018-11-24/測試用例.xls
    abs_path = os.path.join(setting.REPORT_PATH,today)
    #拼成當天的絕對路徑
    if os.path.exists(abs_path):
        pass
    else:
        os.mkdir(abs_path)

    return abs_path
def write_res(case_path,case_res):
    #c:/xxx/xxx/atp/cases/測試用例.xls
    #[ ['{"xdfsdf}','經過'],['{"xdfsdf}','失敗'] ]
    book = xlrd.open_workbook(case_path)
    new_book = copy(book)
    sheet = new_book.get_sheet(0)
    for row,res in enumerate(case_res,1):
        response,status = res
        sheet.write(row,8,response)
        sheet.write(row,9,status)
        #寫第8列和第9列
    cur_date_dir = make_today_dir()#建立當前文件夾，而且返回絕對路徑
    file_name = os.path.split(case_path)[-1] #只獲取到filename
    cur_time = datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%H%M%S') #獲取到當天時分秒
    new_file_name = cur_time+'_'+file_name #165530_測試用例.xls
    real_path = os.path.join(cur_date_dir,new_file_name)#拼路徑
    new_book.save(real_path)
    return real_path

def send_mail(content,file_path=None):
    #發郵件，傳入郵件正文和附件
    m = yagmail.SMTP(**setting.MAIL_INFO,)
    subject = '接口測試報告_%s'%str(datetime.datetime.today())
    m.send(subject=subject,to=setting.TO,contents=content,attachments=file_path)

tools