Spring 源碼(九)@Autowired註解實現原理(Spring Bean的自動裝配)

@Autowired註解的實現過程,其實就是Spring Bean的自動裝配過程。經過看@Autowired源碼註釋部分咱們能夠看到@Autowired的實現是經過AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor後置處理器中實現的。java

AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 類圖

  • PriorityOrdered:確認 AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 後置處理器的執行優先級
  • BeanFactoryAware:使得AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 能夠直接經過BeanFactory獲取容器中的Bean
  • BeanPostProcessor:在 Bean 初始化先後執行的後置處理器
  • InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor:在 Bean 實例化先後和Bean設置屬性值時執行的後置處理器
  • SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor:智能實例化Bean的後處理器,如預測Bean的類型和確認Bean的構造函數等。
  • MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor:合併Bean的定義信息。

在分析自動裝配前咱們先來介紹一下上面的這些後置處理器。spring

後置處理器介紹

BeanPostProcessor

BeanPostProcessor有兩個方法,postProcessBeforeInitializationpostProcessAfterInitialization。它們分別在任何bean初始化回調以前或以後執行(例如InitializingBean的afterPropertiesSet方法或自定義init-method方法以前或者以後), 在這個時候該bean的屬性值已經填充完成了,而且咱們返回的bean實例可能已是原始實例的包裝類型了。例如返回一個FactoryBean緩存

InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor

InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor繼承自BeanPostProcessor接口。主要多提供瞭如下三個方法。app

postProcessBeforeInstantiation

該方法是在Bean實例化目標對象以前調用,返回的Bean對象能夠代理目標,從而有效的阻止了目標Bean的默認實例化。ide

protected Object resolveBeforeInstantiation(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
	Object bean = null;
	if (!Boolean.FALSE.equals(mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved)) {
		// Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
		if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
			Class<?> targetType = determineTargetType(beanName, mbd);
			if (targetType != null) {
				bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation(targetType, beanName);
				if (bean != null) {
					// 若是此方法返回一個非null對象,則Bean建立過程將被短路。
					// 惟一應用的進一步處理是來自已配置BeanPostProcessors的postProcessAfterInitialization回調
					bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(bean, beanName);
				}
			}
		}
		mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved = (bean != null);
	}
	return bean;
}

protected Object applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) {
	for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
		if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
			InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
			// 執行Bean實例化目標對象以前的後置處理方法
			Object result = ibp.postProcessBeforeInstantiation(beanClass, beanName);
			if (result != null) {
				return result;
			}
		}
	}
	return null;
}

跟進源碼咱們能夠看出,若是此方法返回一個非null對象,則Bean建立過程將被短路。惟一應用的進一步處理是來自已配置BeanPostProcessors的postProcessAfterInitialization回調。函數

postProcessAfterInstantiation

該方法執行在經過構造函數或工廠方法在實例化bean以後但在發生Spring屬性填充(經過顯式屬性或自動裝配)以前執行操做。這是在Spring的自動裝配開始以前對給定的bean實例執行自定義字段注入的理想回調。若是該方法返回false,那麼它會阻斷後續InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor後置處理器的執行,而且會阻止後續屬性填充的執行邏輯。post

postProcessPropertyValues

在工廠將給定屬性值應用於給定bean以前,對它們進行後處理。容許檢查是否知足全部依賴關係,例如基於bean屬性設置器上的「 Required」註解。還容許替換要應用的屬性值,一般是經過基於原始PropertyValues建立新的MutablePropertyValues實例,添加或刪除特定值來實現。ui

SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor

智能實例化Bean的後處理器,主要提供了三個方法。this

predictBeanType

預測今後處理器的postProcessBeforeInstantiation回調最終返回的bean的類型。.net

determineCandidateConstructors

肯定使用實例化Bean的構造函數。

getEarlyBeanReference

獲取提前暴露的Bean的引用,提前暴露的Bean就是隻完成了實例化,還未完成屬性賦值和初始化的Bean。

MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor

postProcessMergedBeanDefinition

合併Bean的定義信息的後處理方法,該方法是在Bean的實例化以後設置值以前調用。

自動裝配的實現

找到須要自動裝配的元素

AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor後置處理器主要負責對添加了@Autowired和@Value註解的元素實現自動裝配。因此找到須要自動裝配的元素,其實就是對@Autowired和@Value註解的解析。

AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor後置處理器,找出須要自動裝配的元素是在MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor.postProcessMergedBeanDefinition這個方法中實現的,調用鏈路以下:

doWith:445, AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$2 (org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation)
doWithLocalFields:657, ReflectionUtils (org.springframework.util)
buildAutowiringMetadata:433, AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor (org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation)
findAutowiringMetadata:412, AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor (org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation)
postProcessMergedBeanDefinition:235, AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor (org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation)
applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors:1000, AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory (org.springframework.beans.factory.support)
doCreateBean:523, AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory (org.springframework.beans.factory.support)
createBean:483, AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory (org.springframework.beans.factory.support)
getObject:312, AbstractBeanFactory$1 (org.springframework.beans.factory.support)
getSingleton:230, DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry (org.springframework.beans.factory.support)
doGetBean:308, AbstractBeanFactory (org.springframework.beans.factory.support)
getBean:197, AbstractBeanFactory (org.springframework.beans.factory.support)
preInstantiateSingletons:761, DefaultListableBeanFactory (org.springframework.beans.factory.support)
finishBeanFactoryInitialization:867, AbstractApplicationContext (org.springframework.context.support)
refresh:543, AbstractApplicationContext (org.springframework.context.support)
<init>:84, AnnotationConfigApplicationContext (org.springframework.context.annotation)

從鏈路上咱們能夠看到,找到須要自動裝配的元素是在findAutowiringMetadata方法中實現的,該方法會去調用buildAutowiringMetadata方法構建元數據信息。若是註解被加載屬性上將會被封裝成AutowiredFieldElement對象;若是註解加在方法上,那麼元素會被封裝成AutowiredMethodElement對象。這裏兩個對象的inject方法將最後完成屬性值的注入,主要區別就是使用反射注入值的方式不同。源碼以下:

private InjectionMetadata buildAutowiringMetadata(final Class<?> clazz) {
	LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> elements = new LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement>();
	Class<?> targetClass = clazz;

	do {
		// 存放咱們找到的元數據信息
		final LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> currElements =
				new LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement>();
		
		// 經過反射找出對應Class對象的全部Field
		ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(targetClass, new ReflectionUtils.FieldCallback() {
			@Override
			public void doWith(Field field) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
				// 經過反射找到該字段上全部的註解信息,並判斷是否有@Autowired和@Value註解,若是有就將該字段封成AutowiredFieldElement對象
				AnnotationAttributes ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(field);
				if (ann != null) {
					if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
						if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
							logger.warn("Autowired annotation is not supported on static fields: " + field);
						}
						return;
					}
					boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);、
					// 將該字段封成AutowiredFieldElement對象,並放到緩存中
					currElements.add(new AutowiredFieldElement(field, required));
				}
			}
		});

		// 經過反射找出對應Class對象的全部Method
		ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, new ReflectionUtils.MethodCallback() {
			@Override
			public void doWith(Method method) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
				Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
				if (!BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod)) {
					return;
				}
				// 經過反射找到該字段上全部的註解信息,並判斷是否有@Autowired和@Value註解,若是有就將該字段封成AutowiredMethodElement對象
				AnnotationAttributes ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(bridgedMethod);
				if (ann != null && method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {
					if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
						if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
							logger.warn("Autowired annotation is not supported on static methods: " + method);
						}
						return;
					}
					if (method.getParameterTypes().length == 0) {
						if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
							logger.warn("Autowired annotation should only be used on methods with parameters: " +
									method);
						}
					}
					boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
					PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
					// 將該字段封成AutowiredMethodElement對象
					currElements.add(new AutowiredMethodElement(method, required, pd));
				}
			}
		});

		elements.addAll(0, currElements);
		targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
	}
	// 循環處理父類須要自動裝配的元素
	while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);
	// 將須要自動裝配的元素封裝成InjectionMetadata對象,最後合併到Bean定義中
	return new InjectionMetadata(clazz, elements);
}

尋找須要自動裝配過程:

  1. 根據Class對象,經過反射獲取全部的Field和```Method````對象
  2. 經過反射獲取FieldMethod上的註解,並判斷是否有@Autowired和@Value註解
  3. 將註解了@Autowired和@Value的FieldMethod封裝成AutowiredFieldElementAutowiredMethodElement對象,等待下一步的自動裝配。
  4. 循環處理父類須要自動裝配的元素
  5. 將須要自動裝配的元素封裝成InjectionMetadata對象,最後合併到Bean定義的externallyManagedConfigMembers屬性中

注入屬性值

AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor後置處理器注入屬性值是在postProcessPropertyValues方法中實現的。源碼以下:

public void inject(Object target, String beanName, PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
	// 獲取須要自動裝配的元數據信息(這裏實在緩存中取)
	Collection<InjectedElement> elementsToIterate =
			(this.checkedElements != null ? this.checkedElements : this.injectedElements);
	if (!elementsToIterate.isEmpty()) {
		boolean debug = logger.isDebugEnabled();
		for (InjectedElement element : elementsToIterate) {
			if (debug) {
				logger.debug("Processing injected element of bean '" + beanName + "': " + element);
			}
			// 調用AutowiredFieldElement或AutowiredMethodElement對象的inject方法注入屬性值
			element.inject(target, beanName, pvs);
		}
	}
}

AutowiredFieldElement#inject

@Override
protected void inject(Object bean, String beanName, PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
	Field field = (Field) this.member;
	Object value;
	if (this.cached) {
		value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
	}
	else {
		DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
		desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
		Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<String>(1);
		TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
		try {
			// 在容器中獲取須要裝配的Bean
			value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
		}
		...
	}
	if (value != null) {
		// 經過反射設置屬性值
		ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
		field.set(bean, value);
	}
}

AutowiredMethodElement#inject

@Override
protected void inject(Object bean, String beanName, PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
	if (checkPropertySkipping(pvs)) {
		return;
	}
	Method method = (Method) this.member;
	Object[] arguments;
	if (this.cached) {
		// Shortcut for avoiding synchronization...
		arguments = resolveCachedArguments(beanName);
	}
	else {
		Class<?>[] paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
		arguments = new Object[paramTypes.length];
		DependencyDescriptor[] descriptors = new DependencyDescriptor[paramTypes.length];
		Set<String> autowiredBeans = new LinkedHashSet<String>(paramTypes.length);
		TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
		for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
			MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(method, i);
			DependencyDescriptor currDesc = new DependencyDescriptor(methodParam, this.required);
			currDesc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
			descriptors[i] = currDesc;
			try {
				// 在容器中獲取須要裝配的Bean
				Object arg = beanFactory.resolveDependency(currDesc, beanName, autowiredBeans, typeConverter);
				if (arg == null && !this.required) {
					arguments = null;
					break;
				}
				arguments[i] = arg;
			}
			catch (BeansException ex) {
				throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(methodParam), ex);
			}
		}
		...
	}
	if (arguments != null) {
		try {
			// 經過反射調用方法設置元素值
			ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
			method.invoke(bean, arguments);
		}
		...
	}
}

從這裏的源碼咱們能夠看出AutowiredFieldElementAutowiredMethodElement完成自動裝配都是先去容器中找對應的Bean,而後經過反射將獲取到的Bean設置到目標對象中,來完成Bean的自動裝配。

總結

咱們能夠看出Spring Bean的自動裝配過程就是:

  1. 根據Class對象,經過反射獲取全部的FieldMethod信息
  2. 通反射獲取FieldMethod的註解信息,並根據註解類型,判斷是否須要自動裝配
  3. 將須要自動裝配的元素,封裝成AutowiredFieldElementAutowiredMethodElement對象
  4. 調用AutowiredFieldElementAutowiredMethodElementinject方法,喚起後續步驟
  5. 經過調用容器的getBean()方法找到須要注入的源數據Bean
  6. 經過反射將找到的源數據Bean注入到目標Bean中

在自動裝配過程當中還涉及循環依賴的問題,有興趣的能夠看下這篇文章Spring 源碼(八)循環依賴

注意:註解注入將在XML注入以前執行;所以,對於經過這兩種方法注入的屬性,XML注入將覆蓋註解注入。

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