Python基礎筆記系列十二：requests模塊的簡單應用

　　本系列教程供我的學習筆記使用，若是您要瀏覽可能須要其它編程語言基礎（如C語言），why?由於我寫得爛啊，只有我本身看得懂！！

• httpbin
  

  httpbin這個網站能測試 HTTP 請求和響應的各類信息，
  好比 cookie、ip、headers 和登陸驗證等，且支持 GET、POST 等多種方法，
  對 web 開發和測試頗有幫助。它用 Python + Flask 編寫，是一個開源項目。
  官方網站：http://httpbin.org/
  開源地址：https://github.com/Runscope/httpbin

• get請求
  1、簡單get請求數據

  1 import requests 2 get_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/get'
  3 r = requests.get(get_url)  #發送get請求
  4 print r 5 print help(r) 6 print r.text  #接收的內容in bytes
  7 print r.content #接收的內容in unicode

  2、使用python抓去百度主頁

  1 import requests 2 r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com') 3 print r.content 4 #打開一個文件，並存入網頁信息
  5 with open('baidu.html','w') as fil: 6     fil.write(r.content)

  3、get傳參

  1 #能夠先經過help函數來查看下get方法的文檔說明
  2 import requests 3 # print help(requests.get)
  4 get_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/get'
  5 myparams={'qq':'34782655'} 6 # r = requests.get(url=get_url,params=myparams)
  7 r = requests.get(get_url,myparams) 8 print r.url #請求的url，拼接url和參數
  9 print r.content #返回的數據

• post請求
  1、發送請求體
  例子：
  

  1 import requests 2 #先來查看下post方法的文檔使用說明
  3 # print help(requests.post)
  4 #經過data來傳參,至關於傳的表單，在返回的數據中能夠看出
  5 post_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/post'
  6 myData={'qq':'34782655','cnblog':'hyyq'} 7 r = requests.post(url = post_url,data = myData) 8 print r.url #請求的url,請求體就是參數
  9 print r.content #返回的數據

  輸出：

   1 http://www.httpbin.org/post
   2 {  3   "args": {},  4   "data": "",  5   "files": {},  6   "form": {  7     "cnblog": "hyyq",  8     "qq": "34782655"
   9  }, 10   "headers": { 11     "Accept": "*/*", 12     "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 13     "Connection": "close", 14     "Content-Length": "23", 15     "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 16     "Host": "www.httpbin.org", 17     "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4"
  18  }, 19   "json": null, 20   "origin": "183.230.42.10", 21   "url": "http://www.httpbin.org/post"
  22 } 23 
  24 [Finished in 1.3s]

  2、發送json數據
  例子：

  1 import requests,json 2 post_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/post'
  3 myData={'qq':'34782655','cnblog':'hyyq'} 4 r = requests.post(url = post_url,json = myData) 5 # r = requests.post(url = post_url,data = json.dumps(myData))
  6 print r.url #請求的url，發送json數據
  7 print r.content #返回的數據

  輸出：

   1 http://www.httpbin.org/post
   2 {  3   "args": {},  4   "data": "{\"qq\": \"34782655\", \"cnblog\": \"hyyq\"}",  5   "files": {},  6   "form": {},  7   "headers": {  8     "Accept": "*/*",  9     "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 10     "Connection": "close", 11     "Content-Length": "36", 12     "Content-Type": "application/json", 13     "Host": "www.httpbin.org", 14     "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4"
  15  }, 16   "json": { 17     "cnblog": "hyyq", 18     "qq": "34782655"
  19  }, 20   "origin": "183.230.42.10", 21   "url": "http://www.httpbin.org/post"
  22 } 23 
  24 [Finished in 1.0s]

• 上傳文件
  例子：

  1 #上傳文件
  2 import requests 3 # print help(requests)
  4 post_url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/post'
  5 files = {'file':open('yyc.txt','rb')} #這裏rb是以讀的方式用二進制格式打開
  6 r = requests.post(post_url,files=files) 7 print r.content

  輸出：

   1 {  2   "args": {},  3   "data": "",  4   "files": {  5     "file": "data:application/octet-stream;base64,xOO6ww=="
   6  },  7   "form": {},  8   "headers": {  9     "Accept": "*/*", 10     "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 11     "Connection": "close", 12     "Content-Length": "147", 13     "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=8bffc774646942deaa8a314f8675d879", 14     "Host": "www.httpbin.org", 15     "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4"
  16  }, 17   "json": null, 18   "origin": "183.230.42.10", 19   "url": "http://www.httpbin.org/post"
  20 } 21 
  22 [Finished in 1.0s]