（2）Processing Unit

（2）Processing Unit
The heart of any computer system is the central processing unit(CPU),located inside the computer's main box or system unit.
A processor is composed of two functional units—a control unit and an arithmetic/logic unit-and a set of special workspaces called registers.
Figure 1-3 depicts its structure,in which the Internal CPU interconnection provides communication among the Control Unit,ALU,and Registers.
The control unit is the functional unit that the responsible for supervising the operation of the entire computer system.
The control unit fetches instructions form memory and determines their types of decodes them.It then breaks each instruction into a series of simple small steps or actions. By doing this,it controls the step-by-step operation of the entire computer system.
The arithmetic and logic unit(ALU) is the functional unit that provides the computer with logical and computational capabilities.Data are brought into the ALU by the control unit,and the ALU performs whatever arithmetic or logic operations are required to help carry out the instruction.
A register is a storage location inside the processor. Registers in the control unit are used to keep track of the overall status of the program that is running.Control unit registers store information such as the current instruction,the location of the next instruction to be executed,and the operands of the instruction. In the ALU,registers store data items that are addded,subtracted,multiplied, divided,and compared.Other registers store the results of arithmetic and logic operations.

（2）Processing UnitThe heart of any computer system is the central processing unit(CPU),located inside the computer's main box or system unit.
處理單元任何計算機系統的核心是中央處理單元(CPU)，位於計算機的主箱或系統單元內。
A processor is composed of two functional units—a control unit and an arithmetic/logic unit-and a set of special workspaces called registers.
處理器由兩個功能單元-一個控制單元和一個算術/邏輯單元-以及一組稱爲寄存器的特殊工做區組成。
Figure 1-3 depicts its structure,in which the Internal CPU interconnection provides communication among the Control Unit,ALU,and Registers.
圖1-3描述了其結構，其中內部CPU互連提供控制單元、ALU和寄存器之間的通訊。
The control unit is the functional unit that the responsible for supervising the operation of the entire computer system.
控制單元是負責監督整個計算機系統運行的功能單元。
The control unit fetches instructions form memory and determines their types of decodes them.
控制單元獲取指令造成內存並肯定它們的解碼類型。
It then breaks each instruction into a series of simple small steps or actions.
而後，它將每一個指令分解成一系列簡單的小步驟或操做。
By doing this,it controls the step-by-step operation of the entire computer system.
經過這樣作，它控制整個計算機系統的逐步操做。
The arithmetic and logic unit(ALU) is the functional unit that provides the computer with logical and computational capabilities.
算術邏輯單元(ALU)是爲計算機提供邏輯和計算能力的功能單元。
Data are brought into the ALU by the control unit,and the ALU performs whatever arithmetic or logic operations are required to help carry out the instruction.
數據由控制單元帶入ALU，ALU執行任何須要的算術或邏輯操做來幫助執行指令。
A register is a storage location inside the processor.
寄存器是處理器內部的存儲位置。
Registers in the control unit are used to keep track of the overall status of the program that is running.
控制單元中的寄存器用於跟蹤正在運行的程序的整體狀態。
Control unit registers store information such as the current instruction,the location of the next instruction to be executed,and the operands of the instruction.
控制單元寄存器存儲信息，如當前指令、下一條要執行的指令的位置和指令的操做數。
In the ALU,registers store data items that are addded,subtracted,multiplied, divided,and compared.
在ALU中，寄存器存儲被加、減、乘、除和比較的數據項。
Other registers store the results of arithmetic and logic operations.
其餘寄存器存儲算術運算和邏輯運算的結果。

（2） 處理器
任何計算機的核心都是中央處理器（CPU），放在計算機主機箱或系統單元中。
處理器有兩個功能部件（控制器部件和算術邏輯部件）與一組稱爲寄存器的特殊工做區組成。
圖1-3 描述了處理器的結構。其中，CPU的內部互連機構提供了控制部件、算術邏輯部件和寄存器之間的通訊。
控制部件從存儲器中取出指令，並肯定這些指令的類型或對其進行譯碼。而後將每條指令部分分解成一系列簡單的小步驟或動做。這樣，它就控制了整個計算機系統的步進操做。
算術邏輯部件（ALU）是爲計算機提供邏輯及計算功能的部件。控制部件將數據送入蒜素邏輯部件，而後又算術邏輯部件完成指令所要求的某些算術或邏輯運算。
寄存器是處理器內的存儲單元。控制部件中的寄存器用來跟蹤正在運行的程序的整體狀態。控制器寄存器存儲器諸如當前指令、下一條將要執行的指令地址以及該指令的操做數等信息。在算術邏輯部件中，寄存器存放要進行加、減、乘、除以及要比較的數據項。二其餘寄存器則存放算術和邏輯運算的結果。