dom
Vue
經過創建一個虛擬 DOM
對真實 DOM
發生的變化保持追蹤。請仔細看這行代碼:javascript
return createElement('h1', this.blogTitle)
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createElement
到底會返回什麼呢?其實不是一個實際的 DOM
元素。它更準確的名字多是 createNodeDescription
,由於它所包含的信息會告訴 Vue 頁面上須要渲染什麼樣的節點,及其子節點。咱們把這樣的節點描述爲「虛擬節點 (Virtual Node
)」,也常簡寫它爲「VNode
」。「虛擬 DOM
」是咱們對由 Vue
組件樹創建起來的整個 VNode
樹的稱呼。html
以上這段對虛擬Dom
的簡短介紹來自Vue
的官網前端
咱們一開始的斷點先打在app.vue
的兩個hook
上:vue
export default {
name: 'app',
created () {
debugger
},
mounted () {
debugger
}
}
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刷新頁面,此時調用棧中顯示的函數跟預想中的不太同樣:
java
在created
這個hook
執行以前,多出了一些比較奇怪的函數:node
createComponentInstanceForVnode
Vue._update
mountComponent
🤔看完之後我心中出現了一個疑問:express
爲何在
created
鉤子執行以前就出現了mountComponent
這個方法,究竟是文檔出問題了,仍是文檔出問題了呢?帶着這個疑惑咱們接着往下看瀏覽器
mountComponent
作了什麼?經過上面打第一個斷點,其實不難看出這樣的執行順序(從上往下):微信
(annoymous)
Vue.$mount
mountComponent
(annoymous)
這步其實就是在執行咱們的main.js
,代碼很短:閉包
...
new Vue({
render: h => h(App)
}).$mount('#app')
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Vue.$mount
Vue.prototype.$mount = function ( el, hydrating ) {
// 判斷是否處於瀏覽器的環境
el = el && inBrowser ? query(el) : undefined;
// 執行mountComponent
return mountComponent(this, el, hydrating)
};
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mountComponent
function mountComponent ( vm, el, hydrating ) {
vm.$el = el;
if (!vm.$options.render) {
vm.$options.render = createEmptyVNode;
// 開發環境下給出警告提示
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
/* istanbul ignore if */
if ((vm.$options.template && vm.$options.template.charAt(0) !== '#') ||
vm.$options.el || el) {
warn(
'You are using the runtime-only build of Vue where the template ' +
'compiler is not available. Either pre-compile the templates into ' +
'render functions, or use the compiler-included build.',
vm
);
} else {
warn(
'Failed to mount component: template or render function not defined.',
vm
);
}
}
}
callHook(vm, 'beforeMount');
var updateComponent;
/* istanbul ignore if */
// 這裏對測試環境跟正式環境的updateComponent 作了實現上的一個區分
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
updateComponent = function () {
var name = vm._name;
var id = vm._uid;
var startTag = "vue-perf-start:" + id;
var endTag = "vue-perf-end:" + id;
mark(startTag);
var vnode = vm._render();
mark(endTag);
measure(("vue " + name + " render"), startTag, endTag);
mark(startTag);
vm._update(vnode, hydrating);
mark(endTag);
measure(("vue " + name + " patch"), startTag, endTag);
};
} else {
updateComponent = function () {
vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating);
};
}
// we set this to vm._watcher inside the watcher's constructor
// since the watcher's initial patch may call $forceUpdate (e.g. inside child
// component's mounted hook), which relies on vm._watcher being already defined
new Watcher(vm, updateComponent, noop, {
before: function before () {
if (vm._isMounted && !vm._isDestroyed) {
callHook(vm, 'beforeUpdate');
}
}
}, true /* isRenderWatcher */);
hydrating = false;
// manually mounted instance, call mounted on self
// mounted is called for render-created child components in its inserted hook
if (vm.$vnode == null) {
vm._isMounted = true;
callHook(vm, 'mounted');
}
return vm
}
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簡單羅列下上面這兩段代碼的邏輯👇:
beforeMount
鉤子函數updateComponent
函數new Watcher
並將updateComponent
當作參數傳入vm._update
方法_update
方法是如何被觸發的?Watcher
var Watcher = function Watcher ( vm, expOrFn, cb, options, isRenderWatcher ) {
...
// 將函數賦值給this.getter,這裏是updateComponent函數
if (typeof expOrFn === 'function') {
this.getter = expOrFn;
} else {
this.getter = parsePath(expOrFn);
if (!this.getter) {
this.getter = noop;
process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn(
"Failed watching path: \"" + expOrFn + "\" " +
'Watcher only accepts simple dot-delimited paths. ' +
'For full control, use a function instead.',
vm
);
}
}
// 根據this.lazy決定是否觸發get方法
this.value = this.lazy
? undefined
: this.get();
};
Watcher.prototype.get = function get () {
pushTarget(this);
var value;
var vm = this.vm;
try {
// 這裏調用getter方法,實際上也就是調用updateComponent方法並拿到返回值
value = this.getter.call(vm, vm);
} catch (e) {
if (this.user) {
handleError(e, vm, ("getter for watcher \"" + (this.expression) + "\""));
} else {
throw e
}
} finally {
// "touch" every property so they are all tracked as
// dependencies for deep watching
if (this.deep) {
traverse(value);
}
popTarget();
this.cleanupDeps();
}
// 返回函數(updateComponent)執行結果
return value
};
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簡單梳理下上面這段代碼的邏輯:
Watcher
實例時,將updateComponent
賦值給getter
屬性this.get
方法,觸發updateComponent
函數經過上面的分析咱們能夠初步得出一個結論:
組件的渲染跟
Watcher
離不開關係,父組件在執行完created
鉤子函數以後,會調用updateComponent
函數對子組件進行處理
若是前面你動手跟着斷點一直走,那麼不可貴知存在這樣的調用關係(從上往下):
mountComponent
Watcher
get
updateComponent
Vue._update
patch
createElm
createComponent
init
createComponentInstanceForVnode
VueComponent
Vue._init
callHook
invokeWithErrorHandling
created
Vue.prototype._update
Vue.prototype._update = function (vnode, hydrating) {
var vm = this;
var prevEl = vm.$el;
var prevVnode = vm._vnode;
// 重存儲當前父實例
var restoreActiveInstance = setActiveInstance(vm);
vm._vnode = vnode;
// Vue.prototype.__patch__ is injected in entry points
// based on the rendering backend used.
if (!prevVnode) {
// initial render
vm.$el = vm.__patch__(vm.$el, vnode, hydrating, false /* removeOnly */);
} else {
// 執行patch函數
vm.$el = vm.__patch__(prevVnode, vnode);
}
restoreActiveInstance();
...
};
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固然,咱們經過全局檢索能夠得知_patch
函數相關的代碼👇:
// 只在瀏覽器環境下patch函數有效
Vue.prototype.__patch__ = inBrowser ? patch : noop;
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var patch = createPatchFunction({ nodeOps: nodeOps, modules: modules });
function createPatchFunction (backend) {
...
return function patch (oldVnode, vnode, hydrating, removeOnly) {
...
}
}
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這裏先不深究patch
的實現,咱們只要知道patch
是使用createPatchFunction
來生成的一個閉包函數便可。
咱們注意到,在子組件created
鉤子執行以前存在一個init
方法👇:
var componentVNodeHooks = {
init: function init (vnode, hydrating) {
if (
vnode.componentInstance &&
!vnode.componentInstance._isDestroyed &&
vnode.data.keepAlive
) {
// kept-alive components, treat as a patch
var mountedNode = vnode; // work around flow
componentVNodeHooks.prepatch(mountedNode, mountedNode);
} else {
// 建立子組件實例
var child = vnode.componentInstance = createComponentInstanceForVnode(
vnode,
activeInstance
);
// 對子組件執行$mount方法
child.$mount(hydrating ? vnode.elm : undefined, hydrating);
}
},
...
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相關代碼:
createComponentInstanceForVnode
function createComponentInstanceForVnode ( vnode, // we know it's MountedComponentVNode but flow doesn't parent // activeInstance in lifecycle state ) {
// 初始化一個子組件的vnode配置
var options = {
_isComponent: true,
_parentVnode: vnode,
parent: parent
};
// 檢查render函數內是否有template模板
var inlineTemplate = vnode.data.inlineTemplate;
if (isDef(inlineTemplate)) {
options.render = inlineTemplate.render;
options.staticRenderFns = inlineTemplate.staticRenderFns;
}
// 返回子組件實例
return new vnode.componentOptions.Ctor(options)
}
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created
鉤子執行以後,生成子組件的vnode
實例created
鉤子執行完,檢查子組件是否也有子組件$mount
函數,渲染子組件掃描下方的二維碼或搜索「tony老師的前端補習班」關注個人微信公衆號,那麼就能夠第一時間收到個人最新文章。