參考來自:《架構探險》黃勇 著html
爲了整個書籍的項目,我建立了一個工程,在這個工程裏建立了每一個章節的module。建立過程見隨筆《待定》。java
建立完成後,項目結構以下:git
ps:對maven項目而言,classpath是java和resources兩個根目錄。web
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 5 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 6 7 <groupId>org.smart4j</groupId> 8 <artifactId>chapter1</artifactId> 9 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 10 11 <properties> 12 <!--編碼方式--> 13 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 14 </properties> 15 16 <build> 17 <plugins> 18 <!--編譯--> 19 <plugin> 20 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> 21 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> 22 <version>3.3</version> 23 <configuration> 24 <source>1.7</source> 25 <target>1.7</target> 26 </configuration> 27 </plugin> 28 <!--測試--> 29 <plugin> 30 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> 31 <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> 32 <version>2.18.1</version> 33 </plugin> 34 </plugins> 35 </build> 36 37 </project>
調整後的項目結構以下:apache
這裏使用Servlet3.0框架。其實Servlet3.0框架能夠不使用web.xml,直接用註解配置便可。因此這裏在後面也沒有配置servlet的信息,直接在類上里加了註解@WebServlet。api
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 5 http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" 6 version="3.0"> 7 8 </web-app>
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 5 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 6 7 <groupId>org.smart4j</groupId> 8 <artifactId>chapter1</artifactId> 9 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 10 11 <properties> 12 <!--編碼方式--> 13 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 14 </properties> 15 16 <packaging>war</packaging> 17 18 <build> 19 <plugins> 20 <!--編譯--> 21 <plugin> 22 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> 23 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> 24 <version>3.3</version> 25 <configuration> 26 <source>1.7</source> 27 <target>1.7</target> 28 </configuration> 29 </plugin> 30 <!--測試--> 31 <plugin> 32 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> 33 <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> 34 <version>2.18.1</version> 35 </plugin> 36 </plugins> 37 </build> 38 39 <dependencies> 40 <dependency> 41 <!--servlet--> 42 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 43 <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> 44 <version>3.1.0</version> 45 <!--provided表示只參與編譯,不參與打包,由於tomcat自帶了這個jar包--> 46 <scope>provided</scope> 47 </dependency> 48 49 <!--jsp--> 50 <dependency> 51 <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> 52 <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> 53 <version>2.2</version> 54 <!--provided表示只參與編譯,不參與打包,由於tomcat自帶了這個jar包--> 55 <scope>provided</scope> 56 </dependency> 57 58 <!--JSTL--> 59 <dependency> 60 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 61 <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> 62 <version>1.2</version> 63 <!--runtime表示只參與運行,不參與編譯--> 64 <scope>runtime</scope> 65 </dependency> 66 </dependencies> 67 </project>
需求很簡單:有一個HelloServlet,接收GET /hello請求,轉發至WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp頁面,在hello.jsp頁面上顯示系統當前時間。瀏覽器
1 package org.smart4j.chapter1; 2 3 import java.io.IOException; 4 import java.text.DateFormat; 5 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; 6 import java.util.Date; 7 8 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 9 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; 10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 12 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 13 14 @WebServlet("/hello") 15 public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet{ 16 @Override 17 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) 18 throws ServletException, IOException { 19 DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS"); 20 String currentTime = dateFormat.format(new Date()); 21 22 req.setAttribute("currentTime",currentTime); 23 req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp").forward(req,resp); 24 } 25 }
推薦將jsp文件放在WEB-INF文件夾內部,而非外部。由於用戶沒法經過瀏覽器直接訪問放在WEB-INF文件夾內部的jsp文件,必須通過Servlet轉發。tomcat
1 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <title>hello</title> 5 </head> 6 7 <body> 8 <h1>lyh</h1> 9 <h2>${currentTime}</h2> 10 </body> 11 </html>
tomcat的配置和項目運行配置略。訪問http://localhost:8080/chapter1/hello ,運行結果以下:架構
略。參看隨筆:app