所有采用小寫方式, 如下劃線分隔。 例:my_project_name
javascript
參照項目命名規則; 有複數結構時,要採用複數命名法。 例:scripts
, styles
, images
, data_models
css
參照項目命名規則。 例:account_model.js
html
參照項目命名規則。 例:retina_sprites.scss
java
參照項目命名規則。 例:error_report.html
jquery
縮進使用soft tab
(4個空格); 嵌套的節點應該縮進; 在屬性上,使用雙引號,不要使用單引號; 屬性名全小寫,用中劃線作分隔符; 不要在自動閉合標籤結尾處使用斜線(HTML5 規範 指出他們是可選的); 不要忽略可選的關閉標籤,例: 和</body>
。 代碼示例:git
```htmlgithub
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Page title</title> </head> <body> <img src="images/company_logo.png" alt="Company"> <h1 class="hello-world">Hello, world!</h1> </body> </html>
```web
在頁面開頭使用這個簡單地doctype
來啓用標準模式,使其在每一個瀏覽器中儘量一致的展示; 雖然doctype
不區分大小寫,可是按照慣例,doctype
大寫。 不一樣doctype
在不一樣瀏覽器下會觸發不一樣的渲染模式,訪問下面連接瞭解更多 https://hsivonen.fi/doctype/http://www.w3school.com.cn/tags/tag_doctype.aspexpress
代碼示例:數組
```html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> ... </html>
```
根據HTML5規範: 應在html標籤上加上lang
屬性。這會給語音工具和翻譯工具幫助,告訴它們應當怎麼去發音和翻譯。 更多關於 lang
屬性的說明在這裏http://w3c.github.io/html/semantics.html#the-html-element 具體的語言列表請查看這裏https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533052(v=vs.85).aspx
代碼示例:
```html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-us"> ... </html>
```
經過聲明一個明確的字符編碼,讓瀏覽器輕鬆、快速的肯定適合網頁內容的渲染方式,一般指定爲'UTF-8'
。 代碼示例:
```html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> </head> ... </html>
```
用 <meta>
標籤能夠指定頁面應該用什麼版本的IE來渲染; 若是你想要了解更多,請點擊這裏http://www.tuicool.com/articles/ra6Fjuj
代碼示例:
```html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <metahttp-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"content="IE=Edge"> </head> ... </html>
```
根據HTML5規範, 一般在引入CSS
和JS
時不須要指明 type
,由於 text/css
和 text/javascript
分別是他們的默認值。 HTML5 規範連接 使用link: http://www.w3school.com.cn/tags/tag_link.asp 使用style:http://www.w3school.com.cn/tags/tag_style.asp 使用script:http://www.w3school.com.cn/tags/tag_script.asp
代碼示例:
```html
<!-- External CSS --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="code_guide.css"> <!-- In-document CSS --> <style> ... </style> <!-- External JS --> <script src="code_guide.js"></script> shux <!-- In-document JS --> <script> ... </script>
```
屬性應該按照特定的順序出現以保證易讀性;
class id name data-* src, for, type, href, value , max-length, max, min, pattern placeholder, title, alt aria-*, role required, readonly, disabled
class
是爲高可複用組件設計的,因此應處在第一位; id
更加具體且應該儘可能少使用,因此將它放在第二位。 代碼示例:
```html
<a class="..." id="..." data-modal="toggle" href="#">Example link</a> <input class="form-control" type="text"> <img src="..."alt="...">
```
boolean
屬性指不須要聲明取值的屬性,XHTML須要每一個屬性聲明取值,可是HTML5並不須要; 更多內容能夠參考 https://whatwg-cn.github.io/html/# boolean-attributes:boolean
屬性的存在表示取值爲true
,不存在則表示取值爲false
。
代碼示例:
```html
<input type="text"disabled> <input type="checkbox" value="1" checked> <select> <option value="1" selected>1</option> </select>
```
在JS文件中生成標籤讓內容變得更難查找,更難編輯,性能更差。應該儘可能避免這種狀況的出現。
在編寫HTML代碼時,須要儘可能避免多餘的父節點; 不少時候,須要經過迭代和重構來使HTML變得更少。 代碼示例:
```html
<!-- Not well --> <span class="avatar"> <img src="..."> </span> <!-- Better --> <img class="avatar" src="...">
```
儘可能遵循HTML標準和語義,可是不該該以浪費實用性做爲代價; 任什麼時候候都要用盡可能小的複雜度和儘可能少的標籤來解決問題。
使用soft tab(4個空格)。 代碼示例:
```css
.element{ position:absolute; top:10px; left:10px; border-radius:10px; width:50px; height:50px; }
```
每一個屬性聲明末尾都要加分號。 代碼示例:
```css
.element{ width:20px; height:20px; background-color:red; }
```
如下幾種狀況不須要空格:
如下幾種狀況須要空格:
代碼示例:
```css
/* not good */ .element { Color :red! important; background-color: rgba(0,0,0,.5); } /* good */ .element { color: red !important; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5); } /* not good */ .element , .dialog{ ... } /* good */ .element, .dialog { } /* not good */ .element>.dialog{ ... } /* good */ .element > .dialog{ ... } /* not good */ .element{ ... } /* good */ .element { ... } /* not good */ @if{ ... }@else{ ... } /* good */ @if { ... } @else { ... }
```
如下幾種狀況須要空行:
scss
中嵌套的規則代碼示例:
```css
/* not good */ .element { ... } .dialog { color:red; &:after{ ... } } /* good */ .element { ... } .dialog { color:red; &:after{ ... } }
```
如下幾種狀況不須要換行:
如下幾種狀況須要換行:
代碼示例:
```css
/* not good */ .element { color:red; background-color:black; } /* good */ .element { color:red; background-color:black; } /* not good */ .element,.dialog { ... } /* good */ .element, .dialog { ... }
```
scss
中也不要用'//'),具體參照示例中的寫法;```css
/* Modal header */ .modal-header { ... } /* * Modal header */ .modal-header { ... } .modal-header { /* 50px */ width:50px; color:red; /* color red */ }
```
```css
element:after { content:""; background-image:url("logo.png"); } li[data-type="single"] { ... }
```
id
採用駝峯式命名scss
中的變量、函數、混合、placeholder
採用駝峯式命名代碼示例:
```css
/* class */ .element-content { ... } /* id */ #myDialog { ... } /* 變量 */ $colorBlack:#000; /* 函數 */ @functionpxToRem($px) { ... } /* 混合 */ @mixincenterBlock { ... } /* placeholder */ %myDialog { ... }
```
相關的屬性聲明按右邊的順序作分組處理,組之間須要有一個空行。 代碼示例:
```css
.declaration-order { display:block; float:right; position:absolute; top:0; right:0; bottom:0; left:0; z-index:100; border:1pxsolid#e5e5e5; border-radius:3px; width:100px; height:100px; font:normal13px"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; color:#333; background-color:#f5f5f5; opacity:1; } // 下面是推薦的屬性的順序 [ [ "display", "visibility", "float", "clear", "overflow", "overflow-x", "overflow-y", "clip", "zoom" ], [ "table-layout", "empty-cells", "caption-side", "border-spacing", "border-collapse", "list-style", "list-style-position", "list-style-type", "list-style-image" ], [ "-webkit-box-orient", "-webkit-box-direction", "-webkit-box-decoration-break", "-webkit-box-pack", "-webkit-box-align", "-webkit-box-flex" ], [ "position", "top", "right", "bottom", "left", "z-index" ], [ "margin", "margin-top", "margin-right", "margin-bottom", "margin-left", "-webkit-box-sizing", "-moz-box-sizing", "box-sizing", "border", "border-width", "border-style", "border-color", "border-top", "border-top-width", "border-top-style", "border-top-color", "border-right", "border-right-width", "border-right-style", "border-right-color", "border-bottom", "border-bottom-width", "border-bottom-style", "border-bottom-color", "border-left", "border-left-width", "border-left-style", "border-left-color", "-webkit-border-radius", "-moz-border-radius", "border-radius", "-webkit-border-top-left-radius", "-moz-border-radius-topleft", "border-top-left-radius", "-webkit-border-top-right-radius", "-moz-border-radius-topright", "border-top-right-radius", "-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius", "-moz-border-radius-bottomright", "border-bottom-right-radius", "-webkit-border-bottom-left-radius", "-moz-border-radius-bottomleft", "border-bottom-left-radius", "-webkit-border-image", "-moz-border-image", "-o-border-image", "border-image", "-webkit-border-image-source", "-moz-border-image-source", "-o-border-image-source", "border-image-source", "-webkit-border-image-slice", "-moz-border-image-slice", "-o-border-image-slice", "border-image-slice", "-webkit-border-image-width", "-moz-border-image-width", "-o-border-image-width", "border-image-width", "-webkit-border-image-outset", "-moz-border-image-outset", "-o-border-image-outset", "border-image-outset", "-webkit-border-image-repeat", "-moz-border-image-repeat", "-o-border-image-repeat", "border-image-repeat", "padding", "padding-top", "padding-right", "padding-bottom", "padding-left", "width", "min-width", "max-width", "height", "min-height", "max-height" ], [ "font", "font-family", "font-size", "font-weight", "font-style", "font-variant", "font-size-adjust", "font-stretch", "font-effect", "font-emphasize", "font-emphasize-position", "font-emphasize-style", "font-smooth", "line-height", "text-align", "-webkit-text-align-last", "-moz-text-align-last", "-ms-text-align-last", "text-align-last", "vertical-align", "white-space", "text-decoration", "text-emphasis", "text-emphasis-color", "text-emphasis-style", "text-emphasis-position", "text-indent", "-ms-text-justify", "text-justify", "letter-spacing", "word-spacing", "-ms-writing-mode", "text-outline", "text-transform", "text-wrap", "-ms-text-overflow", "text-overflow", "text-overflow-ellipsis", "text-overflow-mode", "-ms-word-wrap", "word-wrap", "-ms-word-break", "word-break" ], [ "color", "background", "filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader", "background-color", "background-image", "background-repeat", "background-attachment", "background-position", "-ms-background-position-x", "background-position-x", "-ms-background-position-y", "background-position-y", "-webkit-background-clip", "-moz-background-clip", "background-clip", "background-origin", "-webkit-background-size", "-moz-background-size", "-o-background-size", "background-size" ], [ "outline", "outline-width", "outline-style", "outline-color", "outline-offset", "opacity", "filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity", "-ms-filter:\\'progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha", "-ms-interpolation-mode", "-webkit-box-shadow", "-moz-box-shadow", "box-shadow", "filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient", "-ms-filter:\\'progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient", "text-shadow" ], [ "-webkit-transition", "-moz-transition", "-ms-transition", "-o-transition", "transition", "-webkit-transition-delay", "-moz-transition-delay", "-ms-transition-delay", "-o-transition-delay", "transition-delay", "-webkit-transition-timing-function", "-moz-transition-timing-function", "-ms-transition-timing-function", "-o-transition-timing-function", "transition-timing-function", "-webkit-transition-duration", "-moz-transition-duration", "-ms-transition-duration", "-o-transition-duration", "transition-duration", "-webkit-transition-property", "-moz-transition-property", "-ms-transition-property", "-o-transition-property", "transition-property", "-webkit-transform", "-moz-transform", "-ms-transform", "-o-transform", "transform", "-webkit-transform-origin", "-moz-transform-origin", "-ms-transform-origin", "-o-transform-origin", "transform-origin", "-webkit-animation", "-moz-animation", "-ms-animation", "-o-animation", "animation", "-webkit-animation-name", "-moz-animation-name", "-ms-animation-name", "-o-animation-name", "animation-name", "-webkit-animation-duration", "-moz-animation-duration", "-ms-animation-duration", "-o-animation-duration", "animation-duration", "-webkit-animation-play-state", "-moz-animation-play-state", "-ms-animation-play-state", "-o-animation-play-state", "animation-play-state", "-webkit-animation-timing-function", "-moz-animation-timing-function", "-ms-animation-timing-function", "-o-animation-timing-function", "animation-timing-function", "-webkit-animation-delay", "-moz-animation-delay", "-ms-animation-delay", "-o-animation-delay", "animation-delay", "-webkit-animation-iteration-count", "-moz-animation-iteration-count", "-ms-animation-iteration-count", "-o-animation-iteration-count", "animation-iteration-count", "-webkit-animation-direction", "-moz-animation-direction", "-ms-animation-direction", "-o-animation-direction", "animation-direction" ], [ "content", "quotes", "counter-reset", "counter-increment", "resize", "cursor", "-webkit-user-select", "-moz-user-select", "-ms-user-select", "user-select", "nav-index", "nav-up", "nav-right", "nav-down", "nav-left", "-moz-tab-size", "-o-tab-size", "tab-size", "-webkit-hyphens", "-moz-hyphens", "hyphens", "pointer-events" ] ]
```
顏色16進制用小寫字母; 顏色16進制儘可能用簡寫。 代碼示例:
```css
/* not good */ .element { color:#ABCDEF; background-color:#001122; } /* good */ .element { color:#abcdef; background-color:#012; }
```
屬性簡寫須要你很是清楚屬性值的正確順序,並且在大多數狀況下並不須要設置屬性簡寫中包含的全部值,因此建議儘可能分開聲明會更加清晰;margin
和 padding
相反,須要使用簡寫; 常見的屬性簡寫包括:
font、background、transition、animation
代碼示例:
```css
/* not good */ .element { transition: opacity 1s linear 2s; } /* good */ .element { transition-delay: 2s; transition-timing-function: linear; transition-duration: 1s; transition-property: opacity; }
```
儘可能將媒體查詢的規則靠近與他們相關的規則,不要將他們一塊兒放到一個獨立的樣式文件中,或者丟在文檔的最底部,這樣作只會讓你們之後更容易忘記他們。 代碼示例:
```css
.element { ... } .element-avatar{ ... } @media(min-width:480px) { .element { ... } .element-avatar { ... } }
```
@debug
;@extend
@content
的 @include
@content
的 @include
import
引入的文件不須要開頭的'_'和結尾的'.scss
';@extend
中使用placeholder
選擇器;代碼示例:
```css
/* not good */ @import"_dialog.scss"; /* good */ @import"dialog"; /* not good */ .fatal { @extend .error; } /* good */ .fatal { @extend %error; } /* not good */ .element { &>.dialog { ... } } /* good */ .element { >.dialog { ... } }
```
不容許有空的規則:
border: 0
; 代替 border: none
;;scss
中若是超過4層應該考慮用嵌套的方式來寫);@import
;代碼示例:
```css
/* not good */ .element { } /* not good */ LI { ... } /* good */ li { ... } /* not good */ .element { color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5); } /* good */ .element { color:rgba(0,0,0,.5); } /* not good */ .element { width:50.0px; } /* good */ .element { width:50px; } /* not good */ .element { width:0px; } /* good */ .element { width:0; } /* not good */ .element { border-radius:3px; -webkit-border-radius:3px; -moz-border-radius:3px; background: linear-gradient(to bottom,#fff0,#eee100%); background:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#fff0,#eee100%); background:-moz-linear-gradient(top,#fff0,#eee100%); } /* good */ .element { -webkit-border-radius:3px; -moz-border-radius:3px; border-radius:3px; background:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#fff0,#eee100%); background:-moz-linear-gradient(top,#fff0,#eee100%); background:linear-gradient(to bottom,#fff0,#eee100%); } /* not good */ .element { color:rgb(0,0,0); width:50px; color:rgba(0,0,0,.5); } /* good */ .element { color:rgb(0,0,0); color:rgba(0,0,0,.5); }
```
使用soft tab
(4個空格)。 代碼示例:
```js
var x =1, y =1; if (x < y) { x +=10; } else { x +=1; }
```
不要超過80,但若是編輯器開啓word wrap
能夠不考慮單行長度。
單個函數儘可能不要超過40行代碼,無可奈何的狀況下也不要超過100行。代碼行數越多,產生BUG的機率越大,因此儘可能減小單個函數的代碼行數是頗有必要的。減小單個函數的代碼行數,對代碼維護也是很是有益的。
如下幾種狀況後需加分號:
return
throw
break
continue
代碼示例:
```js
/* var declaration */ var x =1; /* expression statement */ x++; /* do-while */ do { x++; } while (x <10);
```
如下幾種狀況不須要空格:
如下幾種狀況須要空格:
else
, while
, catch
, finally
if
, else
, for
, while
, do
, switch
, case
, try
, catch
, finally
, with
, return
, typeof
for
循環,分號後留有一個空格,前置條件若是有多個,逗號後留一個空格代碼示例:
```js
// not good var a = { b :1 }; // good var a = { b: 1 }; // not good ++ x; Y ++; z = x?1:2; // good ++x; y++; z = x ? 1 : 2; // not good var a = [ 1, 2 ]; // good var a = [1, 2]; // not good var a = ( 1+2 )*3; // good var a = (1 + 2) *3; // no space before '(', one space before '{', one space between function parameters var doSomething = function(a, b, c) { // do something }; // no space before '(' doSomething(item); // not good for(i=0;i<6;i++){ x++; } // good for (i = 0; i <6; i++) { x++; }
```
如下幾種狀況須要空行:
代碼示例:
```js
// need blank line after variable declaration var x =1; // not need blank line when variable declaration is last expression in the current block if (x >=1) { var y = x +1; } var a =2; // need blank line before line comment a++; function b() { // not need blank line when comment is first line of block return a; } // need blank line after blocks for (var i =0; i <2; i++) { if (true) { return false; } continue; } var obj = { foo:function() { return1; }, bar:function() { return2; } }; // not need blank line when in argument list, array, object func( 2, function() { a++; }, 3 ); var foo = [ 2, function() { a++; }, 3 ]; var foo = { a:2, b:function() { a++; }, c:3 };
```
換行的地方,行末必須有','或者運算符; 如下幾種狀況不須要換行:
else
,catch
, finally
如下幾種狀況須要換行:
代碼示例:
```js
// not good var a = { b:1 , c:2 }; x = y ?1:2; // good var a = { b: 1, c: 2 }; x = y ? 1 : 2; x =y ? 1:2; // no need line break with 'else', 'catch', 'finally' if (condition) { ... } else { ... } try { ... } catch (e) { ... } finally { ... } // not good function test() { ... } // good function test() { ... } // not good var a, foo =7, b, c, bar =8; // good var a, foo=7, b, c, bar =8;
```
代碼示例:
```js
if (condition) { // if you made it here, then all security checks passed allowed(); } var zhangsan = 'zhangsan'; // one space after code
```
最少三行, '*'後跟一個空格,具體參照右邊的寫法; 建議在如下狀況下使用:
代碼示例:
```js
/* * one space after '*' */ var x =1;
```
各種標籤@param
, @method
等請參考http://yuri4ever.github.io/jsdoc/;
建議在如下狀況下使用:
代碼示例:
```js
/** * @func * @desc一個帶參數的函數 * @param {string} a - 參數a * @param {number} b=1 - 參數b默認值爲1 * @param {string} c=1 - 參數c有兩種支持的取值</br>1—表示x</br>2—表示xx * @param {object} d - 參數d爲一個對象 * @param {string} d.e - 參數d的e屬性 * @param {string} d.f - 參數d的f屬性 * @param {object[]} g - 參數g爲一個對象數組 * @param {string} g.h - 參數g數組中一項的h屬性 * @param {string} g.i - 參數g數組中一項的i屬性 * @param {string} [j] - 參數j是一個可選參數 */ function foo(a, b, c, d, g, j) { ... }
```
最外層統一使用單引號。 代碼示例:
```js
// not good var x ="test"; // good var y ='foo', z ='<div id="test"></div>';
```
cgi
返回的數據)ID
'在變量名中全大寫URL
'在變量名中全大寫Android
'在變量名中大寫第一個字母iOS
'在變量名中小寫第一個,大寫後兩個字母jquery
對象必須以'$'開頭命名代碼示例:
```js
var thisIsMyName; var goodID; var reportURL; var AndroidVersion; var iOSVersion; var MAX_COUNT =10; function Person(name) { this.name = name; } // not good var body = $('body'); // good var $body = $('body');
```
var
聲明多個變量,而且5個變量爲一組,超過5個另起一組。代碼示例:
```js
function doSomethingWithItems(items) { // use one var var value =10, result= value +10, i, len, count; // new var total; for (i = 0, len = items.length; i < len; i++) { result += 10; } }
```
inline
function
命名;代碼示例:
```js
// no space before '(', but one space before'{' var doSomething = function(item) { // do something }; function doSomething(item) { // do something } // not good doSomething (item); // good doSomething(item); // requires parentheses around immediately invoked function expressions (function() { return1; })(); // not good [1, 2].forEach(function x() { ... }); // good [1, 2].forEach(function() { ... }); // not good var a = [1, 2, function a() { ... }]; // good var a = [1, 2, function() { ... }]; // use ', ' between function parameters var doSomething = function(a, b, c) { // do something };
```
代碼示例:
```js
// not good var a = { 'b':1 }; var a = {b:1}; var a = { b:1, c:2, }; // good var a = { b:1, c:2 };
```
下列關鍵字後必須有大括號(即便代碼塊的內容只有一行):
if, else, for, while, do, switch, try, catch, finally, with。
代碼示例:
```js
// not good if (condition) doSomething(); // good if (condition) { doSomething(); }
```
適用場景:
不適用場景:
null
來判斷函數調用時有無傳參代碼示例:
```js
// not good function test(a, b) { if (b === null) { // not mean b is not supply ... } } var a; if (a === null) { ... } // good var a = null; if (a === null) { ... }
```
undefined
進行變量判斷;typeof
和字符串'undefined
'對變量進行判斷。代碼示例:
```js
// not good if (person === undefined) { ... } // good if (typeof person === 'undefined') { ... }
```
===
', '!==
'代替'==
', '!=
';for-in
裏必定要有hasOwnProperty
的判斷;Array
, Date
;delete(a.b)
;.jshintrc
文件的globals
屬性裏面);debugger
不要出如今提交的代碼裏;new function () { ... }, new Object
;代碼示例:
```js
// not good if (a == 1) { a++; } // good if (a === 1) { a++; } // good for (key in obj) { if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) { // be sure that obj[key] belongs to the object and was not inherited console.log(obj[key]); } } // not good Array.prototype.count=function(value) { Return 4; }; // not good var x = 1; function test() { if (true) { var x = 0; } x += 1; } // not good function test() { console.log(x); var x =1; } // not good new Person(); // good var person = new Person(); // not good delete(obj.attr); // good delete obj.attr; // not good if (a = 10) { a++; } // not good var a = [1, , , 2, 3]; // not good Var nums = []; for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) { (function(i) { nums[i] =function(j) { return i + j; }; }(i)); } // not good var singleton = new function() { var privateVar; this.publicMethod = function() { privateVar = 1; }; this.publicMethod2 = function() { privateVar = 2; }; };
```
tab
和space
;tab
或space
;LF
';this
的引用只能使用'_this
', 'that
', 'self
'其中一個來命名;switch
的falling through
和no default
的狀況必定要有註釋特別說明;代碼示例:
```js
// not good var a =1; function Person() { // not good var me = this; // good var _this = this; // good var that = this; // good var self = this; } // good switch (condition) { case 1: case 2: ... break; case 3: ... // why fall through case 4: ... break; // why no default } // not good with empty block if (condition) { }
```