Java四種線程池的使用

Java經過Executors提供四種線程池,分別爲:
newCachedThreadPool建立一個可緩存線程池,若是線程池長度超過處理須要,可靈活回收空閒線程,若無可回收,則新建線程。
newFixedThreadPool 建立一個定長線程池,可控制線程最大併發數,超出的線程會在隊列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 建立一個定長線程池,支持定時及週期性任務執行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 建立一個單線程化的線程池,它只會用惟一的工做線程來執行任務,保證全部任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先級)執行。java

(1) newCachedThreadPool
建立一個可緩存線程池,若是線程池長度超過處理須要,可靈活回收空閒線程,若無可回收,則新建線程。示例代碼以下:web

Java代碼 緩存

  1. package test;併發

  2. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;工具

  3. import java.util.concurrent.Executors;ui

  4. public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {spa

  5. public static void main(String[] args) {線程

  6. ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();code

  7. for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {orm

  8. final int index = i;

  9. try {

  10. Thread.sleep(index * 1000);

  11. } catch (InterruptedException e) {

  12. e.printStackTrace();

  13. }

  14. cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {

  15. public void run() {

  16. System.out.println(index);

  17. }

  18. });

  19. }

  20. }

  21. }

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   final int index = i;
   try {
    Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   }
   cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
     System.out.println(index);
    }
   });
  }
 }
}

線程池爲無限大,當執行第二個任務時第一個任務已經完成,會複用執行第一個任務的線程,而不用每次新建線程。

(2) newFixedThreadPool
建立一個定長線程池,可控制線程最大併發數,超出的線程會在隊列中等待。示例代碼以下:

Java代碼 

  1. package test;

  2. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

  3. import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

  4. public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {

  5. public static void main(String[] args) {

  6. ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

  7. for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

  8. final int index = i;

  9. fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {

  10. public void run() {

  11. try {

  12. System.out.println(index);

  13. Thread.sleep(2000);

  14. } catch (InterruptedException e) {

  15. e.printStackTrace();

  16. }

  17. }

  18. });

  19. }

  20. }

  21. }

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   final int index = i;
   fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
     try {
      System.out.println(index);
      Thread.sleep(2000);
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
   });
  }
 }
}


由於線程池大小爲3,每一個任務輸出index後sleep 2秒,因此每兩秒打印3個數字。
定長線程池的大小最好根據系統資源進行設置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()

(3) newScheduledThreadPool
建立一個定長線程池,支持定時及週期性任務執行。延遲執行示例代碼以下:

Java代碼 

  1. package test;

  2. import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

  3. import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;

  4. import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

  5. public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {

  6. public static void main(String[] args) {

  7. ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);

  8. scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {

  9. public void run() {

  10. System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");

  11. }

  12. }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

  13. }

  14. }

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
  scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
   public void run() {
    System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
   }
  }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 }
}


表示延遲3秒執行。

按期執行示例代碼以下:

Java代碼 

  1. package test;

  2. import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

  3. import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;

  4. import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

  5. public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {

  6. public static void main(String[] args) {

  7. ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);

  8. scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {

  9. public void run() {

  10. System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");

  11. }

  12. }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

  13. }

  14. }

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
  scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
   public void run() {
    System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
   }
  }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 }
}


表示延遲1秒後每3秒執行一次。

(4) newSingleThreadExecutor
建立一個單線程化的線程池,它只會用惟一的工做線程來執行任務,保證全部任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先級)執行。示例代碼以下:

Java代碼 

  1. package test;

  2. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

  3. import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

  4. public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {

  5. public static void main(String[] args) {

  6. ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

  7. for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

  8. final int index = i;

  9. singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {

  10. public void run() {

  11. try {

  12. System.out.println(index);

  13. Thread.sleep(2000);

  14. } catch (InterruptedException e) {

  15. e.printStackTrace();

  16. }

  17. }

  18. });

  19. }

  20. }

  21. }

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   final int index = i;
   singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
     try {
      System.out.println(index);
      Thread.sleep(2000);
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
   });
  }
 }
}


結果依次輸出,至關於順序執行各個任務。

你能夠使用JDK自帶的監控工具來監控咱們建立的線程數量,運行一個不終止的線程,建立指定量的線程,來觀察:
工具目錄:C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_06\bin\jconsole.exe
運行程序作稍微修改:

Java代碼 

  1. package test;

  2. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

  3. import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

  4. public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {

  5. public static void main(String[] args) {

  6. ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

  7. for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

  8. final int index = i;

  9. singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {

  10. public void run() {

  11. try {

  12. while(true) {

  13. System.out.println(index);

  14. Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);

  15. }

  16. } catch (InterruptedException e) {

  17. e.printStackTrace();

  18. }

  19. }

  20. });

  21. try {

  22. Thread.sleep(500);

  23. } catch (InterruptedException e) {

  24. e.printStackTrace();

  25. }

  26. }

  27. }

  28. }

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
  for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
   final int index = i;
   singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
     try {
      while(true) {
       System.out.println(index);
       Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
      }
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
   });
   try {
    Thread.sleep(500);
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   }
  }
 }
}
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