Linux下實現免密碼登陸(超詳細)

1.Linux下生成密鑰 

  ssh-keygen的命令手冊,經過」man ssh-keygen「命令:bash

  

  經過命令」ssh-keygen -t rsa「服務器

  

  生成以後會在用戶的根目錄生成一個 「.ssh」的文件夾dom

  

  進入「.ssh」會生成如下幾個文件ssh

  

  authorized_keys:存放遠程免密登陸的公鑰,主要經過這個文件記錄多臺機器的公鑰
  id_rsa : 生成的私鑰文件
  id_rsa.pub : 生成的公鑰文件
  know_hosts : 已知的主機公鑰清單ui

    若是但願ssh公鑰生效需知足至少下面兩個條件:spa

      1) .ssh目錄的權限必須是700 
      2) .ssh/authorized_keys文件權限必須是600.net

2.遠程免密登陸

  原理圖:3d

    

   經常使用如下幾種方法:blog

    2.1 經過ssh-copy-id的方式ip

    命令: ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.put <romte_ip>

    舉例:      

[root@test .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.91.135 
root@192.168.91.135's password: 
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '192.168.91.135'", and check in:

.ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

[root@test .ssh]# ssh root@192.168.91.135
Last login: Mon Oct 10 01:25:49 2016 from 192.168.91.133
[root@localhost ~]#

    常見錯誤:

      [root@test ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.91.135

      -bash: ssh-copy-id: command not found   //提示命令不存在

      解決辦法:yum -y install openssh-clients

 

    2.2 經過scp將內容寫到對方的文件中

      命令:scp -p ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@<remote_ip>:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

      舉例:

[root@test .ssh]# scp -p ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.91.135:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
root@192.168.91.135's password: 
id_rsa.pub 100% 408 0.4KB/s 00:00 
[root@test .ssh]# 
[root@test .ssh]# 
[root@test .ssh]# 
[root@test .ssh]# ssh root@192.168.91.135
Last login: Mon Oct 10 01:27:02 2016 from 192.168.91.133

 

[root@localhost ~]#

 

      也能夠分爲兩步操做:

$ scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@<remote_ip>:pub_key       //將文件拷貝至遠程服務器
$ cat ~/pub_key >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys                     //將內容追加到authorized_keys文件中, 不過要登陸遠程服務器來執行這條命令

    2.3 經過Ansible實現批量免密

2.3.1 將須要作免密操做的機器hosts添加到/etc/ansible/hosts下:
  [Avoid close]
  192.168.91.132
  192.168.91.133
  192.168.91.134

2.3.2 執行命令進行免密操做

  ansible <groupname> -m authorized_key -a "user=root key='{{ lookup('file','/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}'" -k 示例:   [root@test sshpass-1.05]# ansible test -m authorized_key -a "user=root key='{{ lookup('file','/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}'" -k   SSH password: ----->輸入密碼   192.168.91.135 | success >> {   "changed": true,    "key": "ssh-rsa     AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEArZI4kxlYuw7j1nt5ueIpTPWfGBJoZ8Mb02OJHR8yGW7A3izwT3/uhkK7RkaGavBbAlprp5bxp3i0TyNxa/apBQG5NiqhYO8YCuiGYGsQAGwZCBlNLF3gq1/18B6FV5moE/8yTbFA4dBQahdtVP  PejLlSAbb5ZoGK8AtLlcRq49IENoXB99tnFVn3gMM0aX24ido1ZF9RfRWzfYF7bVsLsrIiMPmVNe5KaGL9kZ0svzoZ708yjWQQCEYWp0m+sODbtGPC34HMGAHjFlsC/SJffLuT/ug/hhCJUYeExHIkJF8OyvfC6DeF7ArI6zdKER7D8M0SM  WQmpKUltj2nltuv3w== root@localhost.localdomain",    "key_options": null,    "keyfile": "/root/.ssh/authorized_keys",    "manage_dir": true,    "path": null,    "state": "present",    "unique": false,    "user": "root"   }   [root@test sshpass-1.05]#  2.4 手工複製粘貼的方式   將本地id_rsa.pub文件的內容拷貝至遠程服務器的~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中

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