Netty網絡聊天(一) 聊天室的實戰(最易懂)

以前作過一個IM的項目，裏面涉及了基本的聊天功能，因此注意這系列的文章不是練習，不含基礎和逐步學習的部分，直接開始實戰和思想引導，基礎部分須要額外的去補充，我有精力的話能夠後續出一系列的文章。

爲何第一篇是聊天室，聊天室是最容易實現的部分。也是IM結構最簡單的一部分，其次做單聊和羣聊，業務邏輯層層遞增，完全的拿下聊天室的代碼，進階單聊和羣聊就很簡單了，後續我還會推出直播間的實現。

若是單純想實現聊天室很簡單，可是我儘可能會把流程都走全，爲了方便理解。

主要由兩個功能類實現：初始化類+響應處理類

0. 準備工做

添加pom.xml

<dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.2.Final</version>
        </dependency>
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1. 輔助接口實現

輔助接口讓服務架構更加清晰，這裏有兩個接口，一個用來處理Http請求，一個處理Webocket請求。

MyHttpService.java

/**
 * 處理 http請求
 */
public interface MyHttpService {
    void handleHttpRequest(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request);
}
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MyWebSocketService.java

/**
 * 處理 WebSocket 請求中的frame
 */
public interface MyWebSocketService {
    void handleFrame(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, WebSocketFrame frame);
}
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那麼問題來了，誰來實現這兩個類呢，誰來處理這兩種請求的分發呢。

下面來看服務響應處理類：WebSocketServerHandler.java

2. 請求處理類

繼承SimpleChannelInboundHandler類，實現channelRead0() handlerAdded() handlerRemoved() exceptionCaught()等方法，第一個是必選方法，其餘方法供咱們作一些標記和後續處理。

WebSocketServerHandler.java

@Slf4j
public class WebSocketServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {

    private MyHttpService httpService;
    private MyWebSocketService webSocketService;

    public static ChannelGroup channels = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);

    public WebSocketServerHandler(MyHttpService httpService, MyWebSocketService webSocketService) {
        super();
        this.httpService = httpService;
        this.webSocketService = webSocketService;
    }

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        if (msg instanceof FullHttpRequest) {
            httpService.handleHttpRequest(ctx, (FullHttpRequest) msg);
        } else if (msg instanceof WebSocketFrame) {
            webSocketService.handleFrame(ctx, (WebSocketFrame) msg);
        }
    }


    @Override
    public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        channels.add(ctx.channel());
        channels.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(ctx.channel() +"上線了"));
    }

    @Override
    public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        channels.remove(ctx.channel());
        channels.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(ctx.channel() +"下線了"));
    }

    /**
     * 發生異常時處理
     */
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        channels.remove(ctx.channel());
        ctx.close();
        log.info("異常信息：{}",cause.getMessage());
    }
}
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1. 建立ChannelGroup,來保存每一個已經創建鏈接的channel，在handlerAdded()方法中channels.add(ctx.channel());,相應的在handlerRemoved方法中remove。
2. 在channelRead0()方法中，實現了對請求的識別和分別處理。
3. exceptionCaught()方法爲發生異常時處理。

3. 初始化類實現

@Slf4j
public class WebSocketServer implements MyHttpService, MyWebSocketService {



    /**
     * 握手用的 變量
     */
    private static final AttributeKey<WebSocketServerHandshaker> ATTR_HAND_SHAKER = AttributeKey.newInstance("ATTR_KEY_CHANNEL_ID");

    private static final int MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH = 65536;

    /**
     * 請求類型常量
     */
    private static final String WEBSOCKET_UPGRADE = "websocket";
    private static final String WEBSOCKET_CONNECTION = "Upgrade";
    private static final String WEBSOCKET_URI_ROOT_PATTERN = "ws://%s:%d";

    /**
     * 用戶字段
     */
    private String host;
    private int port;

    /**
     * 保存 全部的鏈接
     */
    private Map<ChannelId, Channel> channelMap = new HashMap<>();
    private final String WEBSOCKET_URI_ROOT;

    public WebSocketServer(String host, int port) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
        // 將 ip 和端口 按照格式 賦值給 uri
        WEBSOCKET_URI_ROOT = String.format(WEBSOCKET_URI_ROOT_PATTERN, host, port);
    }

    public void start(){
        // 實例化 nio監聽事件池
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        // 實例化 nio工做線程池
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        // 啓動器
        ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
        bootstrap.group(bossGroup,workerGroup);
        bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
        bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {
                ChannelPipeline pl = channel.pipeline();
                // 保存 該channel 到map中
                channelMap.put(channel.id(),channel);
                log.info("new channel {}",channel);
                channel.closeFuture().addListener((ChannelFutureListener) channelFuture -> {
                    log.info("channel close future {}",channelFuture);
                    //關閉後 從map中移除
                    channelMap.remove(channelFuture.channel().id());
                });
                //添加 http 編解碼
                pl.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
                // 聚合器
                pl.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH));
                // 支持大數據流
                pl.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
                // 設置 websocket 服務處理方式
                pl.addLast(new WebSocketServerHandler(WebSocketServer.this, WebSocketServer.this));
            }
        });
        /**
         * 實例化完畢後，須要完成端口綁定
         */
        try {
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.bind(host,port).addListener((ChannelFutureListener) channelFuture1 -> {
                if (channelFuture1.isSuccess()){
                    log.info("webSocket started");
                }
            }).sync();
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().addListener((ChannelFutureListener) channelFuture12 ->
                    log.info("server channel {} closed.", channelFuture12.channel())).sync();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("綁定端口失敗");
        }finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
        log.info("webSocket shutdown");
    }

    @Override
    public void handleHttpRequest(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) {
        //判斷是否是 socket 請求
        if (isWebSocketUpgrade(request)){
            //若是是webSocket請求
            log.info("請求是webSocket協議");
            // 獲取子協議
            String subProtocols = request.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL);
            //握手工廠 設置 uri+協議+不容許擴展
            WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory handshakerFactory = new WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory(WEBSOCKET_URI_ROOT,subProtocols,false);
            // 從工廠中實例化一個 握手請求
            WebSocketServerHandshaker handshaker = handshakerFactory.newHandshaker(request);
            if (handshaker == null){
                //握手失敗：不支持的協議
                WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory.sendUnsupportedVersionResponse(ctx.channel());
            }else {
                //響應請求:將 握手轉交給 channel處理
                handshaker.handshake(ctx.channel(),request);
                //將 channel 與 handshaker 綁定
                ctx.channel().attr(ATTR_HAND_SHAKER).set(handshaker);
            }
            return;
        }else {
            // 不處理 HTTP 請求
            log.info("不處理 HTTP 請求");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void handleFrame(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, WebSocketFrame frame) {
        /**
         * text frame handler
         */
        if (frame instanceof TextWebSocketFrame){
            String text = ((TextWebSocketFrame) frame).text();
            TextWebSocketFrame textWebSocketFrame = new TextWebSocketFrame(text);
            log.info("receive textWebSocketFrame from channel: {} , 目前一共有{}個在線",ctx.channel(),channelMap.size());
            //發給其它的 channel  (羣聊功能)
            for (Channel ch: channelMap.values()){
                if (ch.equals(ctx.channel())){
                    continue;
                }
                //將 text frame 寫出
                ch.writeAndFlush(textWebSocketFrame);
                log.info("消息已發送給{}",ch);
                log.info("write text: {} to channel: {}",textWebSocketFrame,ctx.channel());
            }
            return;
        }
        /**
         * ping frame , 回覆  pong frame
         */
        if (frame instanceof PingWebSocketFrame){
            log.info("receive pingWebSocket from channel: {}",ctx.channel());
            ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new PongWebSocketFrame(frame.content().retain()));
            return;
        }
        /**
         * pong frame, do nothing
         */
        if (frame instanceof PongWebSocketFrame){
            log.info("receive pongWebSocket from channel: {}",ctx.channel());
            return;
        }
        /**
         * close frame, close
         */
        if (frame instanceof CloseWebSocketFrame){
            log.info("receive closeWebSocketFrame from channel: {}", ctx.channel());
            //獲取到握手信息
            WebSocketServerHandshaker handshaker = ctx.channel().attr(ATTR_HAND_SHAKER).get();
            if (handshaker == null){
                log.error("channel: {} has no handShaker", ctx.channel());
                return;
            }
            handshaker.close(ctx.channel(),((CloseWebSocketFrame) frame).retain());
            return;
        }
        /**
         * 剩下的都是 二進制 frame ，忽略
         */
        log.warn("receive binary frame , ignore to handle");
    }

    /**
     * 判斷是不是 webSocket 請求
     */
    private boolean isWebSocketUpgrade(FullHttpRequest req) {
        HttpHeaders headers = req.headers();
        return req.method().equals(HttpMethod.GET)
                && headers.get(HttpHeaderNames.UPGRADE).contains(WEBSOCKET_UPGRADE)
                && headers.get(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION).contains(WEBSOCKET_CONNECTION);
    }
}
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1. l.addLast(new WebSocketServerHandler(WebSocketServer.this, WebSocketServer.this)); 添加本身的響應處理。WebSocketServerHandler是第二點實現的請求處理類.
2. private Map<ChannelId, Channel> channelMap = new HashMap<>();來將ChannelId和CHannel對應保存。方便後來對應獲取。
3. bootstrap.bind(host,port)也能夠替換成僅bind端口。

public ChannelFuture bind(String inetHost, int inetPort) {
        return bind(new InetSocketAddress(inetHost, inetPort));
    }
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public synchronized InetAddress anyLocalAddress() {
        if (anyLocalAddress == null) {
            anyLocalAddress = new Inet4Address(); // {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00}
            anyLocalAddress.holder().hostName = "0.0.0.0";
        }
        return anyLocalAddress;
    }
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它默認會給0.0.0.0端口開放服務。 4. handleHttpRequest和handleFrame是MyWebSocketService類的一個實現。 5. 各個細節都有註釋，仔細看註釋。

4. 啓動服務

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WebSocketServer("192.168.1.33",9999).start();
    }
}
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局域網內如何測試?

我用的是npm 的一個serve 服務來搞局域網。 官網介紹：www.npmjs.com/package/ser… 個人文章：React打包注意事項及靜態文件服務搭建

這下保證你的手機和電腦都在局域網內，就能夠訪問你本身的羣聊了。

5. 前端頁面

要送就送一套。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .talk_con{
            width:600px;
            height:500px;
            border:1px solid #666;
            margin:50px auto 0;
            background:#f9f9f9;
        }
        .talk_show{
            width:580px;
            height:420px;
            border:1px solid #666;
            background:#fff;
            margin:10px auto 0;
            overflow:auto;
        }
        .talk_input{
            width:580px;
            margin:10px auto 0;
        }
        .whotalk{
            width:80px;
            height:30px;
            float:left;
            outline:none;
        }
        .talk_word{
            width:420px;
            height:26px;
            padding:0px;
            float:left;
            margin-left:10px;
            outline:none;
            text-indent:10px;
        }
        .talk_sub{
            width:56px;
            height:30px;
            float:left;
            margin-left:10px;
        }
        .atalk{
            margin:10px;
        }
        .atalk span{
            display:inline-block;
            background:#0181cc;
            border-radius:10px;
            color:#fff;
            padding:5px 10px;
        }
        .btalk{
            margin:10px;
            text-align:right;
        }
        .btalk span{
            display:inline-block;
            background:#ef8201;
            border-radius:10px;
            color:#fff;
            padding:5px 10px;
        }
    </style>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        //
        document.onkeydown = function (ev) {
            if (ev && ev.keyCode == 13){
                send();
                clear();
            }
        }
        var socket;
        if (window.WebSocket) {
            socket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.1.33:9999");
            // socket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:9999");
            // socket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.43.186:9999");
            socket.onmessage = function (ev) {
                atalkAppendIn("接收:"+socket.channel + ":" + ev.data)
            };
            socket.onopen = function () {
                btalkAppendIn("鏈接已創建");
            }
            socket.onclose = function () {
                btalkAppendIn("鏈接關閉");
            };
        }else {
            alert("瀏覽器不支持");
        }
        function send(){
            var message = document.getElementById("talkwords");
            if (!window.WebSocket){
                return
            }
            if (socket.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN){
                socket.send(message.value);
                btalkAppendIn("發送:"+ message.value);
                clear();
            } else {
                alert("WebSocket 創建失敗");
            }
        }

        function atalkAppendIn(text) {
            var append = document.getElementById("words");
            append.innerHTML+= '<div class="atalk"><span>'+ text +'</span></div>';
        }

        function btalkAppendIn(text) {
            var append = document.getElementById("words");
            append.innerHTML+= '<div class="btalk"><span>'+ text +'</span></div>';
        }
        function clear () {
            var elementById = document.getElementById("talkwords");
            elementById.value = "";
        }

    </script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="talk_con">
    <div class="talk_show" id="words">
    </div>
    <div class="talk_input">
        <!--<select class="whotalk" id="who">-->
            <!--<option value="0">A說：</option>-->
            <!--<option value="1">B說：</option>-->
        <!--</select>-->
        <input type="text" class="talk_word" id="talkwords">
        <input type="button" onclick="send()" value="發送" class="talk_sub" id="talksub">
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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1. socket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.1.33:9999");注意這裏ip和port與服務一一對應。
2. socket.onmessage()是獲取socket信息。socket.onopen是建立鏈接。socket.onclose是關閉鏈接。socket.send(message.value);是發送socket信息。

控制檯輸出：

15:12:42.443 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-6] INFO com.fantj.springbootjpa.netty.WebSocketServer - receive textWebSocketFrame from channel: [id: 0x0d08c657, L:/192.168.1.33:9999 - R:/192.168.1.33:50440] , 目前一共有2個在線
15:12:42.443 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-6] INFO com.fantj.springbootjpa.netty.WebSocketServer - 消息已發送給[id: 0xacd5c1ad, L:/192.168.1.33:9999 - R:/192.168.1.33:50438]
15:12:42.444 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] DEBUG io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocket08FrameEncoder - Encoding WebSocket Frame opCode=1 length=5
15:12:42.443 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-6] INFO com.fantj.springbootjpa.netty.WebSocketServer - write text: TextWebSocketFrame(data: UnpooledUnsafeHeapByteBuf(ridx: 0, widx: 5, cap: 15)) to channel: [id: 0x0d08c657, L:/192.168.1.33:9999 - R:/192.168.1.33:50440]
複製代碼

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