MySQL/MariaDB數據庫的各類日誌管理
MySQL/MariaDB數據庫的各類日誌管理
node
做者：尹正傑 mysql
版權聲明：原創做品，謝絕轉載！不然將追究法律責任。sql
一.事務日誌 (transaction log)數據庫
1>.Innodb事務日誌相關配置vim
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%innodb_log%'; +-------------------------------+------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------------+------------+ | innodb_log_arch_dir | | | innodb_log_arch_expire_sec | 0 | | innodb_log_archive | OFF | | innodb_log_block_size | 0 | #數據塊大小 | innodb_log_buffer_size | 16777216 | | innodb_log_checksum_algorithm | DEPRECATED | | innodb_log_checksums | ON | | innodb_log_compressed_pages | ON | | innodb_log_file_size | 50331648 | #每一個日誌文件總大小，MariaDB 10.2.x默認50M，生產環境能夠適當調大。 | innodb_log_files_in_group | 2 | #日誌組成員個數 | innodb_log_group_home_dir | ./ | #事務文件路徑，是數據目錄的相對路徑 | innodb_log_optimize_ddl | ON | | innodb_log_write_ahead_size | 8192 | +-------------------------------+------------+ 13 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
2>.事務型存儲引擎自行管理和使用(建議和數據文件分開存放)安全
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# install -d /data/logs -o mysql -g mysql #建立目錄並指定屬主和屬組 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/logs/ -d drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Nov 4 11:30 /data/logs/ [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/logs/ -a total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Nov 4 11:30 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 31 Nov 4 11:30 .. [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [mysqld] innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/logs #指定事物日誌存放路徑爲"/data/logs" innodb_log_file_size = 10M #指定每一個日誌文件大小爲10M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 #指定日誌組成員個數爲3個 character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB autocommit = 1 skip_name_resolve = 1 userstat = ON port = 3306 datadir = /mysql/3306/data socket = /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log pid-file = /mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld restart Restarting MySQL... Stoping MySQL... Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 8 Server version: 10.2.19-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%innodb_log%'; +-------------------------------+------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------------+------------+ | innodb_log_arch_dir | | | innodb_log_arch_expire_sec | 0 | | innodb_log_archive | OFF | | innodb_log_block_size | 0 | | innodb_log_buffer_size | 16777216 | | innodb_log_checksum_algorithm | DEPRECATED | | innodb_log_checksums | ON | | innodb_log_compressed_pages | ON | | innodb_log_file_size | 10485760 | | innodb_log_files_in_group | 3 | | innodb_log_group_home_dir | /data/logs | | innodb_log_optimize_ddl | ON | | innodb_log_write_ahead_size | 8192 | +-------------------------------+------------+ 13 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/logs/ #重啓MySQL實例後，事務日誌被單獨存放啦，很顯然配置生效啦~ total 30720 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 10485760 Nov 4 11:39 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 10485760 Nov 4 11:39 ib_logfile1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 10485760 Nov 4 11:39 ib_logfile2 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.刷新日誌設置(innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit)服務器
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 說明： 設置爲1，同時sync_binlog = 1表示最高級別的容錯 innodb_use_global_flush_log_at_trx_commit的值肯定是否可使用SET語句重置此變量 設置爲1默認狀況下，日誌緩衝區將寫入日誌文件，並在每次事務後執行刷新到磁盤。 這是徹底遵照ACID特性 設置爲0提交時沒有任何操做; 而是每秒執行一第二天志緩衝區寫入和刷新。 這樣能夠提供更好的性能，但服務器崩潰能夠清除最後一秒的事務 設置爲2每次提交後都會寫入日誌緩衝區，但每秒都會進行一次刷新。 性能比0略好一些，但操做系統或停電可能致使最後一秒的交易丟失 設置爲3模擬MariaDB 5.5組提交（每組提交3個同步），此項MariaDB 10.0支持
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit%'; #默認設置爲1 +--------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------+-------+ | innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit | 1 | +--------------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
二.錯誤日誌 (error log)網絡
1>.錯誤日誌記錄內容session
1.mysqld啓動和關閉過程當中輸出的事件信息;
2.mysqld運行中產生的錯誤信息;
3.event scheduler運行一個event時產生的日誌信息;
4.在主從複製架構中的從服務器上啓動從服務器線程時產生的信息;
2>.錯誤日誌相關配置架構
錯誤文件路徑 log_error=/PATH/TO/LOG_ERROR_FILE
是否記錄警告信息至錯誤日誌文件 log_warnings 爲0， 表示不記錄告警信息。 log_warnings 爲1， 表示告警信息寫入錯誤日誌。 log_warnings 大於1， 表示各種告警信息，例若有關網絡故障的信息和從新鏈接信息寫入錯誤日誌(MariaDB 10.2.x版本默認爲2)。
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf #指定錯誤日誌存放路徑，在啓動MySQL實例後"log_error"的路徑不可被修改，由於它是隻讀的。 [mysqld] innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/logs innodb_log_file_size = 10M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 log_warnings = 10 character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB autocommit = 1 skip_name_resolve = 1 userstat = ON port = 3306 datadir = /mysql/3306/data socket = /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log pid-file = /mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld restart Restarting MySQL... Stoping MySQL... Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 8 Server version: 10.2.19-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_error'; +---------------+-----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-----------------------------+ | log_error | /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log | +---------------+-----------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_warnings'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | log_warnings | 10 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>
三.通用日誌(general log)
1>.通用日誌記錄內容
記錄對數據庫的通用操做，包括錯誤的SQL語句 存儲類型支持三種，即FILE/TABLE/NONE
文件：file，默認值
表：table
用途:
通常不建議開啓，除非數據庫須要優化，經過該日誌分析數據庫可能存在的問題，若數據庫優化完畢依然建議關閉它，開啓該功能存在IO操做，會影響服務器性能。
2>.通用日誌相關設置
general_log=ON|OFF
指定通用日誌是否開啓。 general_log_file=HOSTNAME.log
指定通用日誌存放文件格式的名稱，默認文件名是:"主機名.log"，存儲在MySQL數據庫同目錄中。 log_output=TABLE|FILE|NONE
指定輸出類型,默認爲FILE，固然也能夠指定爲TABLE，表示將日誌存放在mysql數據庫的默認general_log表中。
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'general_log'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | general_log | OFF | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SET GLOBAL general_log = ON; #臨時開啓通用日誌功能 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'general_log'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | general_log | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'general_log_file'; #查看默認的通用日誌名稱 +------------------+-------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------+-------------+ | general_log_file | node105.log | +------------------+-------------+ row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> QUIT Bye [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/data/node105.log /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld, Version: 10.2.19-MariaDB (MariaDB Server). started with: Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock Time Id Command Argument 191104 16:40:38 9 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'general_log' 191104 16:40:46 10 Query SHOW TABLES 191104 16:41:39 9 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'general_log_file' 191104 16:49:52 9 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' 191104 16:49:55 9 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' 191104 16:50:11 9 Query SET GLOBAL log_output = table 191104 16:50:20 9 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' 191104 16:50:53 9 Query SET GLOBAL log_output = 'table' 191104 16:56:22 11 Quit 191104 16:56:59 10 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%innodb_log%' 191104 16:57:10 10 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' 191104 16:58:17 10 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'general_log_file' 191104 16:59:26 10 Quit [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output'; #查看默認的日誌輸出類型 +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | log_output | FILE | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SET GLOBAL log_output = 'table'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | log_output | TABLE | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM mysql.general_log\G #查看錶中的通用日誌記錄信息 *************************** 1. row *************************** event_time: 2019-11-04 16:50:55.178466 user_host: root[root] @ localhost [] thread_id: 9 server_id: 1 command_type: Query argument: SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' *************************** 2. row *************************** event_time: 2019-11-04 16:51:24.556260 user_host: root[root] @ localhost [] thread_id: 9 server_id: 1 command_type: Query argument: SELECT * FROM mysql.general_log 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM mysql.general_log; +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+ | event_time | user_host | thread_id | server_id | command_type | argument | +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+ | 2019-11-04 16:50:55.178466 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 9 | 1 | Query | SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' | | 2019-11-04 16:51:24.556260 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 9 | 1 | Query | SELECT * FROM mysql.general_log | | 2019-11-04 16:54:30.403657 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 9 | 1 | Quit | | | 2019-11-04 16:55:56.817442 | [root] @ localhost [] | 11 | 1 | Connect | root@localhost as anonymous on | | 2019-11-04 16:55:56.820207 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 11 | 1 | Query | select @@version_comment limit 1 | | 2019-11-04 16:56:00.271469 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 11 | 1 | Query | SELECT DATABASE() | | 2019-11-04 16:56:00.271777 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 11 | 1 | Init DB | yinzhengjie | | 2019-11-04 16:56:18.084201 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 11 | 1 | Query | SET GLOBAL log_output = 'file' | +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT argument,COUNT(*) FROM mysql.general_log GROUP BY argument; #找出查詢此處最多的語句能夠來建立相關索引。 +-----------------------------------------+----------+ | argument | COUNT(*) | +-----------------------------------------+----------+ | | 1 | | root@localhost as anonymous on | 1 | | SELECT * FROM mysql.general_log | 1 | | select @@version_comment limit 1 | 1 | | SELECT DATABASE() | 1 | | SET GLOBAL log_output = 'file' | 1 | | SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' | 1 | | yinzhengjie | 1 | +-----------------------------------------+----------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
四.慢查詢日誌 (slow query log)
1>.慢查詢日誌記錄內容
記錄執行查詢時長超出指定時長的操做
2>.慢查詢相關設置
slow_query_log=ON|OFF 開啓或關閉慢查詢 long_query_time=N 慢查詢的閥值，單位秒 slow_query_log_file=HOSTNAME-slow.log 慢查詢日誌文件 log_slow_filter = admin,filesort,filesort_on_disk,full_join,full_scan,query_cache,query_cache_miss,tmp_table,tmp_table_on_disk 上述查詢類型且查詢時長超過long_query_time，則記錄日誌 log_queries_not_using_indexes=ON 不使用索引或使用全索引掃描，不管是否達到慢查詢閥值的語句是否記錄日誌，默認OFF，即不記錄 log_slow_rate_limit = 1 多少次查詢才記錄，mariadb特有 log_slow_verbosity= Query_plan,explain 記錄內容 log_slow_queries = OFF 同slow_query_log 新版已廢棄
3>.慢查詢相關參數使用案例
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [mysqld] innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/logs innodb_log_file_size = 10M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 log_warnings = 10 general_log = ON slow_query_log = ON #開啓慢查詢日誌 long_query_time = 5 #指定慢查詢超時時間爲5秒就記錄到文件 character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB autocommit = 1 skip_name_resolve = 1 userstat = ON port = 3306 datadir = /mysql/3306/data socket = /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log pid-file = /mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld restart Restarting MySQL... Stoping MySQL... Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 8 Server version: 10.2.19-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT SLEEP(1) FROM yinzhengjie.teachers; #有多少條記錄這裏就會休眠幾秒，這裏4條記錄僅休眠4秒，而咱們定義的慢查詢日誌超時時間爲5秒，所以該條記錄不會被記錄。 +----------+ | SLEEP(1) | +----------+ | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | +----------+ 4 rows in set (4.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT SLEEP(1) FROM yinzhengjie.students; #同理，在yinzhengjie.students表有25行記錄，所以休眠5秒，符合咱們定義慢日誌查詢超時時間爲5秒，所以該條記錄會被記錄到慢查詢日誌中。 +----------+ | SLEEP(1) | +----------+ | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | +----------+ 25 rows in set (25.03 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT Bye [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/data/node105-slow.log #不難發現和咱們上面分析的同樣，只有一條慢查詢日誌，固然慢查詢日誌不只僅包含SELECT語句喲，包括的是DML語句，存儲引擎等的執行超過指定秒數也會被記錄呢! /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld, Version: 10.2.19-MariaDB-log (MariaDB Server). started with: Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock Time Id Command Argument # Time: 191104 17:24:14 # User@Host: root[root] @ localhost [] # Thread_id: 8 Schema: QC_hit: No # Query_time: 25.025535 Lock_time: 0.000404 Rows_sent: 25 Rows_examined: 25 # Rows_affected: 0 SET timestamp=1572859454; SELECT SLEEP(1) FROM yinzhengjie.students; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>.經過profiling工具分析慢查詢日誌
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT @@profiling; +-------------+ | @@profiling | +-------------+ | 0 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SET profiling = ON; #開啓profiling功能 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT @@profiling; +-------------+ | @@profiling | +-------------+ | 1 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW profiles; #須要開啓profiling功能後，執行的SQL語句會被記錄 +----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ | Query_ID | Duration | Query | +----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ | 1 | 0.00013446 | SELECT @@profiling | | 2 | 4.00646956 | SELECT SLEEP(1) FROM yinzhengjie.teachers | | 3 | 25.02319266 | SELECT SLEEP(1) FROM yinzhengjie.students | +----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW PROFILE FOR QUERY 2; #咱們查看上面第2條語句，對其分析查詢慢日誌的緣由 +----------------------+----------+ | Status | Duration | +----------------------+----------+ | starting | 0.000085 | | checking permissions | 0.000007 | | Opening tables | 0.000017 | | After opening tables | 0.000005 | | System lock | 0.000004 | | Table lock | 0.000006 | | init | 0.000011 | | optimizing | 0.000007 | | statistics | 0.000020 | | preparing | 0.000018 | | executing | 0.000004 | | Sending data | 0.000022 | | User sleep | 1.002767 | #不難發現，耗時最長的應該就是在sleep過程啦！ | User sleep | 1.001184 | | User sleep | 1.000412 | | User sleep | 1.001772 | | end | 0.000026 | | query end | 0.000022 | | closing tables | 0.000008 | | Unlocking tables | 0.000023 | | freeing items | 0.000011 | | updating status | 0.000031 | | cleaning up | 0.000008 | +----------------------+----------+ 23 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
五.二進制日誌 (binary log,Oracle稱爲歸檔日誌)
1>.二進制日誌記錄內容
記錄內容:
記錄致使數據改變或潛在致使數據改變的SQL語句(即只記錄增刪改操做)
記錄已提交的日誌
不依賴於存儲引擎類型
功能：
經過「重放」日誌文件中的事件來生成數據副本
舒適提示：
建議生產環境中二進制日誌和數據文件分開存放，當數據文件存放目錄損壞，可經過二進制文件恢復。
2>.二進制日誌記錄格式
二進制日誌記錄三種格式: 基於「語句」記錄：
statement，只記錄語句，默認模式。該模式存在弊端，好比執行"UPDATE students SET birth = now();"沒法保存具體的時間戳，若按照該語句進行還原數據準確性確定出現問題。 基於「行」記錄：
row，只記錄數據，即直接將數據存儲下來，但日誌量較大。適合數據相對來講重要的場景。推薦使用這種模式，數據恢復時準確的最高，但帶來的代價就是得犧牲更多的磁盤空間。建議健康磁盤剩餘空間進行及時擴充。 混合模式：
mixed,相對來講比較折中的方式,讓系統自行斷定該基於哪一種方式進行。 格式配置: SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'binlog_format';
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'binlog_format'; ` #查看二進制默認的記錄格式 +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | binlog_format | MIXED | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
3>.二進制日誌文件的構成
日誌文件： mysql|mariadb-bin.文件名後綴，二進制格式，如： mariadb-bin.000001 索引文件： mysql|mariadb-bin.index，文本格式，記錄在當前有效的二進制文件名稱
4>.二進制日誌相關的服務器變量
sql_log_bin=ON|OFF：
是否記錄二進制日誌，默認ON,默認啓用二進制文件功能，該變量是會話(session)級別無需重啓服務就可生效，可很靈活的控制二進制日誌的禁用和啓用。
在批量導入大量數據時，咱們此時可用選擇不記錄二進制文件從而節省必定的磁盤空間使用，這個時候咱們就可用將該值設置爲OFF，可用臨時禁用二進制日誌功能。
log_bin=/PATH/BIN_LOG_FILE：
指定文件位置；默認OFF，表示不啓用二進制日誌功能，上述兩項（sql_log_bin和log_bin）都開啓纔可
binlog_format=STATEMENT|ROW|MIXED：
二進制日誌記錄的格式，MariaDB 5.5.x默認STATEMENT,而MariaDB 10.2.x默認爲MIXED。
max_binlog_size=1073741824：
單個二進制日誌文件的最大致積，到達最大值會自動滾動，默認爲1G 說明：文件達到上限時的大小未必爲指定的精確值
sync_binlog=1|0：
設定是否啓動二進制日誌即時同步磁盤功能，默認0，由操做系統負責同步日誌到磁盤
expire_logs_days=N：
二進制日誌能夠自動刪除的天數。 默認爲0，即不自動刪除
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# install -d /data/logbin -o mysql -g mysql #建立二進制日誌存放目錄 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -d /data/logbin/ drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Nov 4 18:45 /data/logbin/ [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf #配置二進制文件的默認存放路徑 [mysqld] log_bin = /data/logbin/mysql-bin #指定二進制日誌存放路徑及文件名稱前綴 character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB port = 3306 datadir = /mysql/3306/data socket = /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log pid-file = /mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/logbin/ total 0 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld start Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/logbin/ #啓動服務後二進制日誌存放到指定路徑中 total 8 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 328 Nov 4 18:52 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 30 Nov 4 18:52 mysql-bin.index [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /data/logbin/mysql-bin.index #查看如今全部可用的二進制文件名稱 /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000001 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf #配置二進制文件的默認格式 [mysqld] log_bin = /data/logbin/mysql-bin binlog_format = ROW #修改二進制的格式爲基於行的，這意味着須要更多的佔用磁盤使用空間。 character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB port = 3306 datadir = /mysql/3306/data socket = /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log pid-file = /mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld restart Restarting MySQL... Stoping MySQL... Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/logbin/ #每次重啓MySQL實例都會滾動二進制日誌文件 total 12 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 328 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 60 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.index [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /data/logbin/mysql-bin.index #查看全部可用的二進制文件 /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000001 /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000002 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>.二進制日誌相關配置
查看mariadb自行管理使用中的二進制日誌文件列表，及大小: SHOW {BINARY | MASTER} LOGS 查看使用中的二進制日誌文件: SHOW MASTER STATUS
切換日誌文件: FLUSH LOGS 查看二進制文件中的指定內容: SHOW BINLOG EVENTS [IN 'log_name'] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,] row_count] 如：SHOW BINLOG EVENTS IN 'mysql-bin.000003' FROM 285 LIMIT 3,4
以上命令查看的信息並不詳細推薦使用mysqlbinlog工具進行查看。
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 328 | +------------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 328 | +------------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000002 | 328 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 328 | +------------------+-----------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> FLUSH LOGS; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 371 | +------------------+-----------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ #使用SYSTEM調用系統命令查看操做系統的確也有對應的文件生成啦。 total 16 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 375 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 371 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 90 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 371 | +------------------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 16 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 375 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 371 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 90 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yinzhengjie',18,'M'); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F | | 5 | Jason Yin | 26 | M | | 6 | yinzhengjie | 18 | M | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 688 | +------------------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 688 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINLOG EVENTS IN 'mysql-bin.000003'; #查看二進制文件的內容 +------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------+| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |+------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------+| mysql-bin.000003 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 256 | Server ver: 10.2.19-MariaDB-log, Binlog ver: 4 || mysql-bin.000003 | 256 | Gtid_list | 1 | 285 | [] || mysql-bin.000003 | 285 | Binlog_checkpoint | 1 | 328 | mysql-bin.000002 || mysql-bin.000003 | 328 | Binlog_checkpoint | 1 | 371 | mysql-bin.000003 || mysql-bin.000003 | 371 | Gtid | 1 | 413 | BEGIN GTID 0-1-1 || mysql-bin.000003 | 413 | Annotate_rows | 1 | 525 | INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yin zhengjie',18,'M') | | mysql-bin.000003 | 525 | Table_map | 1 | 590 | table_id: 22 (yinzhengjie.teachers) || mysql-bin.000003 | 590 | Write_rows_v1 | 1 | 657 | table_id: 22 flags: STMT_END_F || mysql-bin.000003 | 657 | Xid | 1 | 688 | COMMIT /* xid=16 */ |+------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINLOG EVENTS IN 'mysql-bin.000003'; +------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------+| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |+------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------+| mysql-bin.000003 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 256 | Server ver: 10.2.19-MariaDB-log, Binlog ver: 4 || mysql-bin.000003 | 256 | Gtid_list | 1 | 285 | [] || mysql-bin.000003 | 285 | Binlog_checkpoint | 1 | 328 | mysql-bin.000002 || mysql-bin.000003 | 328 | Binlog_checkpoint | 1 | 371 | mysql-bin.000003 || mysql-bin.000003 | 371 | Gtid | 1 | 413 | BEGIN GTID 0-1-1 || mysql-bin.000003 | 413 | Annotate_rows | 1 | 525 | INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yin zhengjie',18,'M') | | mysql-bin.000003 | 525 | Table_map | 1 | 590 | table_id: 22 (yinzhengjie.teachers) || mysql-bin.000003 | 590 | Write_rows_v1 | 1 | 657 | table_id: 22 flags: STMT_END_F || mysql-bin.000003 | 657 | Xid | 1 | 688 | COMMIT /* xid=16 */ |+------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINLOG EVENTS IN 'mysql-bin.000003' FROM 285 LIMIT 2; +------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 285 | Binlog_checkpoint | 1 | 328 | mysql-bin.000002 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 328 | Binlog_checkpoint | 1 | 371 | mysql-bin.000003 | +------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINLOG EVENTS IN 'mysql-bin.000003' FROM 285 LIMIT 3,4; #從指定位置查看相應的信息 +------------------+-----+---------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------+| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |+------------------+-----+---------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------+| mysql-bin.000003 | 413 | Annotate_rows | 1 | 525 | INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yinzhen gjie',18,'M') | | mysql-bin.000003 | 525 | Table_map | 1 | 590 | table_id: 22 (yinzhengjie.teachers) || mysql-bin.000003 | 590 | Write_rows_v1 | 1 | 657 | table_id: 22 flags: STMT_END_F || mysql-bin.000003 | 657 | Xid | 1 | 688 | COMMIT /* xid=16 */ |+------------------+-----+---------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
6>.二進制日誌的客戶端命令工具（mysqlbinlog）
命令格式： mysqlbinlog [OPTIONS] log_file… --start-position=# 指定開始位置 --stop-position=# --start-datetime= --stop-datetime= 時間格式：YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss --base64-output[=name] -v -vvv
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ls -l /data/logbin/ total 16 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 375 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 688 Nov 4 19:25 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 90 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.index [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000003 #可用查看二進制文件，但有基於Base64編碼的加密信息。 /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0x4e4a71e5 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 19:16:46 # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. BINLOG ' ngjAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgHlcUpO '/*!*/; # at 256 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 285 CRC32 0x11540620 Gtid list [] # at 285 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 328 CRC32 0x3b612022 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000002 # at 328 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 371 CRC32 0xce9f3b39 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000003 # at 371 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 413 CRC32 0xbc3f3fe1 GTID 0-1-1 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=1*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 413 # at 525 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 525 CRC32 0xe7b70b5b Annotate_rows: #Q> INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yinzhengjie',18,'M') #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 590 CRC32 0xd48ca5db Table_map: `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` mapped to number 22 # at 590 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 657 CRC32 0x1a95ea95 Write_rows: table id 22 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ' uArAXRMBAAAAQQAAAE4CAAAAABYAAAAAAAEAC3lpbnpoZW5namllAAh0ZWFjaGVycwAEAg8B/gQs AfcBCNuljNQ= uArAXRcBAAAAQwAAAJECAAAAABYAAAAAAAEABP/wBQAJAEphc29uIFlpbhoC8AYACwB5aW56aGVu Z2ppZRICleqVGg== '/*!*/; # at 657 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 688 CRC32 0x6b6a92b0 Xid = 16 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ls -l /data/logbin/ total 16 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 375 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 688 Nov 4 19:25 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 90 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.index [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000003 --verbose #查看詳細信息 /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0x4e4a71e5 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 19:16:46 # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. BINLOG ' ngjAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgHlcUpO '/*!*/; # at 256 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 285 CRC32 0x11540620 Gtid list [] # at 285 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 328 CRC32 0x3b612022 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000002 # at 328 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 371 CRC32 0xce9f3b39 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000003 # at 371 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 413 CRC32 0xbc3f3fe1 GTID 0-1-1 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=1*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 413 # at 525 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 525 CRC32 0xe7b70b5b Annotate_rows: #Q> INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yinzhengjie',18,'M') #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 590 CRC32 0xd48ca5db Table_map: `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` mapped to number 22 # at 590 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 657 CRC32 0x1a95ea95 Write_rows: table id 22 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ' uArAXRMBAAAAQQAAAE4CAAAAABYAAAAAAAEAC3lpbnpoZW5namllAAh0ZWFjaGVycwAEAg8B/gQs AfcBCNuljNQ= uArAXRcBAAAAQwAAAJECAAAAABYAAAAAAAEABP/wBQAJAEphc29uIFlpbhoC8AYACwB5aW56aGVu Z2ppZRICleqVGg== '/*!*/; ### INSERT INTO `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` ### SET ### @1=5 ### @2='Jason Yin' ### @3=26 ### @4=2 ### INSERT INTO `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` ### SET ### @1=6 ### @2='yinzhengjie' ### @3=18 ### @4=2 # at 657 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 688 CRC32 0x6b6a92b0 Xid = 16 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT @@binlog_format; +-----------------+ | @@binlog_format | +-----------------+ | ROW | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> select * from teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F | | 5 | Jason Yin | 26 | M | | 6 | yinzhengjie | 18 | M | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> UPDATE teachers SET gender='M'; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 6 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> select * from teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | M | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | M | | 5 | Jason Yin | 26 | M | | 6 | yinzhengjie | 18 | M | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 688 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> QUIT Bye [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000003 --verbose /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0x4e4a71e5 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 19:16:46 # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. BINLOG ' ngjAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgHlcUpO '/*!*/; # at 256 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 285 CRC32 0x11540620 Gtid list [] # at 285 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 328 CRC32 0x3b612022 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000002 # at 328 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 371 CRC32 0xce9f3b39 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000003 # at 371 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 413 CRC32 0xbc3f3fe1 GTID 0-1-1 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=1*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 413 # at 525 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 525 CRC32 0xe7b70b5b Annotate_rows: #Q> INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yinzhengjie',18,'M') #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 590 CRC32 0xd48ca5db Table_map: `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` mapped to number 22 # at 590 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 657 CRC32 0x1a95ea95 Write_rows: table id 22 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ' uArAXRMBAAAAQQAAAE4CAAAAABYAAAAAAAEAC3lpbnpoZW5namllAAh0ZWFjaGVycwAEAg8B/gQs AfcBCNuljNQ= uArAXRcBAAAAQwAAAJECAAAAABYAAAAAAAEABP/wBQAJAEphc29uIFlpbhoC8AYACwB5aW56aGVu Z2ppZRICleqVGg== '/*!*/; ### INSERT INTO `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` ### SET ### @1=5 ### @2='Jason Yin' ### @3=26 ### @4=2 ### INSERT INTO `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` ### SET ### @1=6 ### @2='yinzhengjie' ### @3=18 ### @4=2 # at 657 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 688 CRC32 0x6b6a92b0 Xid = 16 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 688 #191104 19:47:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 730 CRC32 0x740f1f3c GTID 0-1-2 trans /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=2*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 730 # at 783 #191104 19:47:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 783 CRC32 0x782ca82d Annotate_rows: #Q> UPDATE teachers SET gender='M' #191104 19:47:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 848 CRC32 0x37af4016 Table_map: `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` mapped to number 22 # at 848 #191104 19:47:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 960 CRC32 0xc306f092 Update_rows: table id 22 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ' zw/AXRMBAAAAQQAAAFADAAAAABYAAAAAAAEAC3lpbnpoZW5namllAAh0ZWFjaGVycwAEAg8B/gQs AfcBCBZArzc= zw/AXRgBAAAAcAAAAMADAAAAABYAAAAAAAEABP//8AMADQBNaWVqdWUgU2hpdGFpTQHwAwANAE1p ZWp1ZSBTaGl0YWlNAvAEAAwATGluIENoYW95aW5nXQHwBAAMAExpbiBDaGFveWluZ10CkvAGww== '/*!*/; ### UPDATE `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` ### WHERE ### @1=3 ### @2='Miejue Shitai' ### @3=77 ### @4=1 ### SET ### @1=3 ### @2='Miejue Shitai' ### @3=77 ### @4=2 ### UPDATE `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` ### WHERE ### @1=4 ### @2='Lin Chaoying' ### @3=93 ### @4=1 ### SET ### @1=4 ### @2='Lin Chaoying' ### @3=93 ### @4=2 # at 960 #191104 19:47:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 991 CRC32 0x70750a35 Xid = 38 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [mysqld] log_bin = /data/logbin/mysql-bin binlog_format = STATEMENT character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB port = 3306 datadir = /mysql/3306/data socket = /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log pid-file = /mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld restart Restarting MySQL... Stoping MySQL... Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 9 Server version: 10.2.19-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> use yinzhengjie Database changed MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> select * from teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | M | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | M | | 5 | Jason Yin | 26 | M | | 6 | yinzhengjie | 18 | M | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> UPDATE teachers SET gender='F'; Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 6 Changed: 6 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> select * from teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | F | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | F | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F | | 5 | Jason Yin | 26 | F | | 6 | yinzhengjie | 18 | F | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 1014 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 519 | +------------------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 519 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT @@binlog_format; +-----------------+ | @@binlog_format | +-----------------+ | STATEMENT | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> QUIT Bye [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000004 --verbose /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 19:52:54 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0xdbb83886 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 19:52:54 at startu p# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. ROLLBACK/*!*/; BINLOG ' FhHAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWEcBdEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgGGOLjb '/*!*/; # at 256 #191104 19:52:54 server id 1 end_log_pos 299 CRC32 0x82b331c3 Gtid list [0-1-2] # at 299 #191104 19:52:54 server id 1 end_log_pos 342 CRC32 0xc2e3f301 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000004 # at 342 #191104 19:53:18 server id 1 end_log_pos 384 CRC32 0x85f8e293 GTID 0-1-3 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=3*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 384 #191104 19:53:18 server id 1 end_log_pos 488 CRC32 0xb6fc6c2b Query thread_id=9 exec_time=0 error_code=0 use `yinzhengjie`/*!*/; SET TIMESTAMP=1572868398/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=9/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1, @@session.check_constraint_c hecks=1/*!*/;SET @@session.sql_mode=1411383296/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!\C utf8mb4 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=45,@@session.collation_connection=45,@@session.collation_server=45/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; UPDATE teachers SET gender='F' /*!*/; # at 488 #191104 19:53:18 server id 1 end_log_pos 519 CRC32 0x636e91ac Xid = 5 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000004 -v --start-position=751 --stop-position=941; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 19:52:54 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0xdbb83886 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 19:52:54 at startu p# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. ROLLBACK/*!*/; BINLOG ' FhHAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWEcBdEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgGGOLjb '/*!*/; # at 751 #191104 21:32:38 server id 1 end_log_pos 868 CRC32 0xac80a98f Query thread_id=11 exec_time=0 error_code=0 use `yinzhengjie`/*!*/; SET TIMESTAMP=1572874358/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=11/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1, @@session.check_constraint_c hecks=1/*!*/;SET @@session.sql_mode=1411383296/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!\C utf8mb4 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=45,@@session.collation_connection=45,@@session.collation_server=45/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; UPDATE teachers SET gender='M' WHERE tid =4 /*!*/; # at 868 #191104 21:32:38 server id 1 end_log_pos 899 CRC32 0x3dd0af4d Xid = 20 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 899 #191104 21:32:41 server id 1 end_log_pos 941 CRC32 0x42fa3228 GTID 0-1-6 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=6*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000004 -v --start-datetime='2019-11-04 21:35:00' /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 19:52:54 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0xdbb83886 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 19:52:54 at startu p# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. ROLLBACK/*!*/; BINLOG ' FhHAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWEcBdEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgGGOLjb '/*!*/; # at 1089 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1131 CRC32 0x7bb72842 GTID 0-1-7 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=7*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 1131 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1225 CRC32 0x02f0ddbe Query thread_id=11 exec_time=0 error_code=0 use `yinzhengjie`/*!*/; SET TIMESTAMP=1572874720/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=11/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1, @@session.check_constraint_c hecks=1/*!*/;SET @@session.sql_mode=1411383296/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!\C utf8mb4 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=45,@@session.collation_connection=45,@@session.collation_server=45/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; DELETE FROM teachers /*!*/; # at 1225 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1256 CRC32 0x96cf1a5c Xid = 23 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
7>.經過二進制日誌數據恢復案例
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 1014 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 1256 | +------------------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> FLUSH LOGS; #爲了測試方便，我這裏世界使用一個新的日誌 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 1014 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 1303 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 385 | +------------------+-----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 385 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 385 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT @@binlog_format; +-----------------+ | @@binlog_format | +-----------------+ | STATEMENT | +-----------------+ row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_log_bin'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM teachers; Empty set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> INSERT INTO teachers VALUES (1,'Jason Yin',27,'F'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> INSERT INTO teachers VALUES (2,'YinZhengjie',18,'F'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> INSERT INTO teachers VALUES (3,'Jenny',20,'M'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM teachers; +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Jason Yin | 27 | F | | 2 | YinZhengjie | 18 | F | | 3 | Jenny | 20 | M | +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> DELETE FROM teachers; Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 1141 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ls -l /data/logbin/ total 24 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 375 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1014 Nov 4 19:52 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1303 Nov 4 21:53 mysql-bin.000004 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1141 Nov 4 22:06 mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 150 Nov 4 21:53 mysql-bin.index [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000005 -v > /root/binlog.sql [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim binlog.sql [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat binlog.sql /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0xe7202c47 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 21:38:40 # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. BINLOG ' 4CnAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgFHLCDn '/*!*/; # at 256 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 299 CRC32 0xd816dae3 Gtid list [0-1-7] # at 299 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 342 CRC32 0xd0a61645 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000004 # at 342 #191104 21:53:37 server id 1 end_log_pos 385 CRC32 0x10d221ba Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000005 # at 385 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 427 CRC32 0x85937970 GTID 0-1-7 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=7*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 427 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 551 CRC32 0x60abf36f Query thread_id=9 exec_time=1636 error_code=0 use `yinzhengjie`/*!*/; SET TIMESTAMP=1572874720/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=9/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1, @@session.check_constraint_c hecks=1/*!*/;SET @@session.sql_mode=1411383296/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!\C utf8 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=45,@@session.collation_server=45/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; INSERT INTO teachers VALUES (1,'Jason Yin',27,'F') /*!*/; # at 551 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 582 CRC32 0x84f3837a Xid = 106 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 582 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 624 CRC32 0xc9e4ee56 GTID 0-1-8 trans /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=8*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 624 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 750 CRC32 0x3b86f49f Query thread_id=9 exec_time=1643 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1572874720/*!*/; INSERT INTO teachers VALUES (2,'YinZhengjie',18,'F') /*!*/; # at 750 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 781 CRC32 0x9b4e967d Xid = 107 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 781 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 823 CRC32 0xea5e6c78 GTID 0-1-9 trans /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=9*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 823 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 943 CRC32 0x0a560dec Query thread_id=9 exec_time=1652 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1572874720/*!*/; INSERT INTO teachers VALUES (3,'Jenny',20,'M') /*!*/; # at 943 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 974 CRC32 0x2f20a2ac Xid = 108 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 974 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1016 CRC32 0xbd542f84 GTID 0-1-10 trans /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=10*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 1016 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1110 CRC32 0x01e0a619 Query thread_id=9 exec_time=1668 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1572874720/*!*/; #DELETE FROM teachers #將這條刪除語句給註釋掉，經過當前二進制文件進行還原。 /*!*/; # at 1110 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1141 CRC32 0x77eb3332 Xid = 110 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_log_bin'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SET sql_log_bin=OFF; #將二進制日誌關閉，由於咱們須要手動還原表中的數據。還原過程無需記錄日誌 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_log_bin'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | sql_log_bin | OFF | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM teachers; #查看該表數據未空 Empty set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SOURCE binlog.sql #經過我們修改的數據進行還原 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Database changed Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Charset changed Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) ERROR at line 81 in file: 'binlog.sql': No query specified Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM teachers; #還原後發現表中的數據的確存在啦 +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Jason Yin | 27 | F | | 2 | YinZhengjie | 18 | F | | 3 | Jenny | 20 | M | +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SET sql_log_bin=ON; #作完數據恢復操做後記得將二進制日誌文件功能打開。 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_log_bin'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
8>.二進制日誌事件的格式
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000005 -v
......
# at 1016 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1110 CRC32 0x01e0a619 Query thread_id=9 exec_time=1668 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1572874720/*!*/; DELETE FROM teachers /*!*/; ......
以上記錄觀點點說明: 事件發生的日期和時間：191104 21:38:40 事件發生的服務器標識：server id 1 事件的結束位置：end_log_pos 1110 事件的類型：Query 事件發生時所在服務器執行此事件的線程的ID：thread_id=9 語句的時間戳與將其寫入二進制文件中的時間差：exec_time=1668 錯誤代碼：error_code=0 事件內容："DELETE FROM teachers"
9>.清除指定二進制日誌(生產環境中建議保留半個月以上的日誌)
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 1014 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 1303 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 1141 | +------------------+-----------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> PURGE BINARY LOGS TO 'mysql-bin.000003'; #刪除"mysql-bin.000003"以前的日誌 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 1014 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 1303 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 1141 | +------------------+-----------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 16 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1014 Nov 4 19:52 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1303 Nov 4 21:53 mysql-bin.000004 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1141 Nov 4 22:06 mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 90 Nov 4 22:21 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM cat /data/logbin/mysql-bin.index /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000003 /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000004 /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000005 MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 16 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1014 Nov 4 19:52 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1303 Nov 4 21:53 mysql-bin.000004 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1141 Nov 4 22:06 mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 90 Nov 4 22:21 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 1014 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 1303 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 1141 | +------------------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> PURGE BINARY LOGS BEFORE '2019-11-4 22:00:00'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 1141 | +------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 8 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1141 Nov 4 22:06 mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 30 Nov 4 22:27 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM cat /data/logbin/mysql-bin.index /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000005 MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
10>.刪除全部二進制日誌，index文件從新記數
RESET MASTER [TO #]; 刪除全部二進制日誌文件，並從新生成日誌文件，文件名從#開始記數，默認從1開始，通常是master主機第一次啓動時執行，MariaDB10.1.6開始支持TO #
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 1188 | | mysql-bin.000006 | 432 | | mysql-bin.000007 | 432 | | mysql-bin.000008 | 432 | | mysql-bin.000009 | 432 | | mysql-bin.000010 | 432 | | mysql-bin.000011 | 385 | +------------------+-----------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 32 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1188 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 432 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000006 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 432 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000007 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 432 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000008 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 432 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000009 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 432 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000010 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 385 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000011 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 210 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> RESET MASTER; #刪除全部二進制文件，並從新生產日誌文件，文件名稱從默認從1開始計數。 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 8 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 328 Nov 4 22:31 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 30 Nov 4 22:31 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 328 | +------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 418 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 418 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 418 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 418 | | mysql-bin.000006 | 418 | | mysql-bin.000007 | 371 | +------------------+-----------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 32 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 375 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 418 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 418 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 418 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000004 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 418 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 418 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000006 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 371 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000007 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 210 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> RESET MASTER TO 3; #刪除全部二進制日誌並指定起始文件名稱數字爲3 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 8 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 328 Nov 4 22:34 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 30 Nov 4 22:34 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 328 | +------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
六.中繼日誌(reley log)
主從複製架構中，從服務器用於保存從主服務器的二進制日誌中讀取的事件。
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