Kangrui‘s Python Learning Dairy 2020-07-21

內容關於用戶輸入，while循環以及函數
今天所學內容部分須要輸入，因此不附運行結果，歡迎你們本身嘗試

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如下內容爲用戶輸入和while循環

# input()工做原理，本質是輸入字符串
message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: ")
print(message)

name = input("Please enter your name: ")
print("Hello, " + name + "!")

# int()工做原理，本質是將輸入視爲數值
height = input("How tall are you, in inches? ")
height = int(height)
if height >= 36:
    print("\nYou're tall enough to ride! ")
else:
    print("\nYou'll be able to ride when you're a little older.")

# 求模運算符%，省略

# while循環
current_number = 1
while current_number <= 5:
    print(current_number)
    current_number += 1

# 使用break退出循環
prompt = "\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited: "
prompt += "\n(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.)"
while True:
    city = input(prompt)
    if city == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        print("I'd love to go to " + city.title() + "!")

# 在循環中使用continue，知足條件時再也不執行接下里的程序，進入下一循環
current_number = 0
while current_number < 10:
    current_number += 1
    if current_number % 2 == 0:
        continue
    print(current_number)

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如下內容爲函數

# 向函數傳遞信息
def greet_user(username):
    # 形參username
    print("Hello, " + username.title() + "!")

greet_user('jesse')  # 實參'jesse'

# 傳遞實參
def describe_pet(animal_type, pet_name):
    print("\nI have a " + animal_type + ".")
    print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name.title() + ".")


describe_pet('hamster', 'harry')  #  位置實參，最基本的是基於實參順序,不能隨意調換
describe_pet(animal_type = 'hamster', pet_name = 'harry')  # 關鍵字實參，能夠換位置


def describe_pet(pet_name, animal_type = 'dog'):  # 包含默認值,且默認值須要在後面
    print("\nI have a " + animal_type + ".")
    print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name.title() + ".")

describe_pet(pet_name = 'willie')

# 返回值
def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name):
    full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
    return full_name.title()

musician = get_formatted_name('jimi', 'hendrix')
print(musician)

# 使參數可選
def get_formatted_name(first_name, middle_name, last_name):
    if middle_name:
        full_name = first_name + ' ' + middle_name + ' ' + last_name
    else:
        full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
    return full_name.title()

musician = get_formatted_name('jimi','lee','hendrix')
print(musician)

# 返回字典
def build_person(first_name, last_name):
    person = {'first':first_name, 'last':last_name}
    return person

person = build_person('jimi', 'hendrix')
print(person)


# 傳遞列表
def greet_users(names):
    for name in names:
        msg = "Hello, " + name.title() + "!"
        print(msg)

usernames = ['hannah', 'ty', 'margot']
greet_users(usernames)

# 禁止函數修改列表
function_name(list_name[:])  #用切片表示法[:]建立列表的副本

# 傳遞任意數量的實參
    # 使用形參名*names,建立一個空元組，放入全部收到的值
    # 能夠和普通實參結合使用

# 將函數存儲在模塊中，使用import module_name
# 調用模塊中的某個函數，module_name.function_name
# 只導入特定的函數，from module_name import function_1,function 2
# 使用as指定別名，from module import function as anothername；import module as anothername
# 導入模塊中全部的函數，from module import *