linux基礎-linux 下 安裝 rpm 格式 的 mysql

在Linux操做系統下，安裝MYSQL有兩種方式：

　　一種tar安裝方式，

　　另一種是rpm安裝方式。

　　這兩種安裝方式有什麼區別呢？儘管咱們在Linux下經常使用tar來壓縮/解壓縮文件，但MYSQL的tar格式的文件其實只是mysql的文件包，並不能直接安裝，須要操做configure、make、install等命令才能完成安裝，是一種比較繁瑣的安裝方式。而rpm格式的文件是真正的安裝包，至關於windows的exe文件，能夠直接安裝。

　　

　　本文以MySQL-5.6.21 64位版本rpm格式的安裝方式爲例，詳述MySQL的安裝方式，32位的rpm版本安裝方式也是如此。

（一）刪除老版本的MySQL

　　在安裝前要先肯定系統是否已經安裝了其餘版本的MySQL，如已安裝其餘版本的MySQL，需先刪除後再安裝新版本。經本文親測，採用以下方式刪除老版本的MySQL或MySQL殘留文件做爲方便。

　　1. 執行yum命令，刪除MySQL的lib庫，服務文件

yum remove mysql mysql-server mysql-libs mysql-server;

　　2. 執行find命令，查找MySQL的殘留文件，而後運行「rm -rf 文件名」刪除殘留的MySQL文件

find / -name mysql

 

（二）RPM格式安裝MySQL 

　　當前，MySQL的最新版本爲：5.6.21，從官網下載MySQL的rpm安裝包，解壓後有以下六個文件：

 

1. MySQL-client-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL客戶端程序
2. MySQL-devel-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL的庫和頭文件
3. MySQL-embedded-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL的嵌入式程序
4. MySQL-server-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL服務端程序
5. MySQL-shared-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL的共享庫
6. MySQL-test-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL的測試組件

　　通常對於開發而言，咱們只須要下面三個文件就能夠。

1. MySQL-devel-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL的庫和頭文件
2. MySQL-server-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL服務端程序 
3. MySQL-devel-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm #MySQL的庫和頭文件

1. 在從新進行安裝以前，爲確保萬無一失，咱們仍是再確認一下系統中是否有MySQL極其相關的RPM安裝包。若是有，則先刪除。

rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

執行完上述命令後，返回空數據，則可進行第二步。不然，執行下面的命令刪除MySQL的相關包文件。

yum -y remove mysql-libs*

2. 將前面提到的三個MySQL安裝文件，拷貝到服務器，而後執行下述安裝命令

rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

debug 以下:

[root@VM_32_234_centos tools]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:MySQL-server           rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm#################       ########################################### [100%]
2014-09-29 15:01:50 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2014-09-29 15:01:50 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2014-09-29 15:01:50 30994 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2014-09-29 15:01:50 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2014-09-29 15:01:50 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2014-09-29 15:01:50 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2014-09-29 15:01:50 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2014-09-29 15:01:50 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2014-09-29 15:01:50 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2014-09-29 15:01:50 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2014-09-29 15:01:50 30994 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
2014-09-29 15:01:50 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB
2014-09-29 15:01:50 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
2014-09-29 15:01:51 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
2014-09-29 15:01:52 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
2014-09-29 15:01:52 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
2014-09-29 15:01:52 30994 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
2014-09-29 15:01:52 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
2014-09-29 15:01:52 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
2014-09-29 15:01:52 30994 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2014-09-29 15:01:52 30994 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2014-09-29 15:01:52 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
2014-09-29 15:01:52 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
2014-09-29 15:01:52 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
2014-09-29 15:01:52 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2014-09-29 15:01:52 30994 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.21 started; log sequence number 0
A random root password has been set. You will find it in '/root/.mysql_secret'.
2014-09-29 15:01:53 30994 [Note] Binlog end
2014-09-29 15:01:53 30994 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2014-09-29 15:01:53 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2014-09-29 15:01:54 30994 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977


2014-09-29 15:01:54 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.21 started; log sequence number 1625977
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] Binlog end
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2014-09-29 15:01:54 31016 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2014-09-29 15:01:56 31016 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987




A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER !
You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'.

You must change that password on your first connect,
no other statement but 'SET PASSWORD' will be accepted.
See the manual for the semantics of the 'password expired' flag.

Also, the account for the anonymous user has been removed.

In addition, you can run:

  /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test database.
This is strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/

The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at

  http://www.mysql.com

Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com

New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings

[root@VM_32_234_centos tools]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:MySQL-devel            ########################################### [100%]
[root@VM_32_234_centos tools]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.21-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:MySQL-client           ########################################### [100%]
[root@VM_32_234_centos tools]# 

　　上述三個命令在執行時，只有第一個命令執行的時間稍微長些，後面兩個命令運行速度很快。 

 

3.執行下述命令，將MySQL的配置文件拷貝到/etc目錄下。

cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

4.分別運行下述命令，初始化MySQL及設置密碼。

/usr/bin/mysql_install_db    #初始化MySQL 
service mysql start        #啓動MySQL 
cat /root/.mysql_secret        #查看root帳號的初始密碼，會出現下述所示信息

如:

[root@VM_32_234_centos storage]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@VM_32_234_centos storage]# cat /root/.mysql_secret
# The random password set for the root user at Mon Sep 29 15:01:52 2014 (local time): PENFgcgkI8UnIKaE

[root@VM_32_234_centos storage]# mysql -u root -pPENFgcgkI8UnIKaE
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.21

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

　　 -- set password=password('123456'); ＃更改MySQL密碼， 

mysql> set password=password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

5.設置開機啓動

chkconfig mysql on

[root@VM_32_234_centos storage]# chkconfig mysql on 
[root@VM_32_234_centos storage]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql
mysql           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

 上面打印出來的內容中，2~5爲on就是開機啓動了。

6.修改/etc/my.cnf 

　　設置MySQL的字符集，配置MySQL代表不區分大小寫（默認狀況下，MySQL對錶名區分大小寫，列名不區分大小寫）。在[mysqld]下面加入以下內容：

 

character_set_server=utf8 character_set_client=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci lower_case_table_names=1 max_connections=1000

 

7.MySQL的默認文件路徑

 

1. /var/lib/mysql/ #數據庫目錄
2. /usr/share/mysql #配置文件目錄
3. /usr/bin #相關命令目錄 #啓動腳本

 

8.修改數據文件路徑

　　1.修改 /etc/my.cnf 文件

 　　vi /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
#basedir = /storage/server/mysql-5.6.21-1/
datadir = /storage/server/mysql-5.6.21-1/data
port = 3306
server_id = 2
socket = /storage/server/mysql-5.6.21-1/data/mysql.sock
pid-file =/storage/server/mysql-5.6.21-1/data/VM_32_234_centos.pid

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

 

複製文件 /var/lib/mysql/  到 /storage/server/mysql-5.6.21-1/data/

 

cp -R /var/lib/mysql/* /storage/server/mysql-5.6.21-1/data/

 

9.重啓MySQL

# service mysql restart 
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!