使用IDEA結合MAVEN建立一個Spring Java Web項目

時間 2019-12-05

標籤使用 idea 結合 maven 建立一個 spring java web 項目欄目 Eclipse 简体版

原文原文鏈接

前言

　　　　現在的Java項目，若是還使用傳統的把jar包複製到目錄下這種原始的方式，對於依賴管理來講實在是災難。對某個功能須要引入某種技術包，可是你不肯定是否已存在，若是分類好的話還好找，如果雜在一堆不只頭大，還身心俱疲。Maven旨在解決依賴問題，讓項目結構變得精簡，而Spring解決了項目中Bean的管理以及各類配置文件配置的功能輕鬆讀入等問題，對於Java項目來講確實是福音。對於一個Web項目來講，必然須要數據庫的讀寫，JdbcTemplate是一個Spring實現的Jdbc Support。對於以前必然依賴ORM的項目來講，這個組件表現得十分的輕便以及可伸縮，不須要寫Mapping就使用HashMap的可伸縮性，實在是小型團隊以及敏捷公司的良伴。加之報錯棧十分的簡單，一個數據庫過程就只會在Dao裏寫一個sql和加載參數，最後執行，若是出錯就只有在sql和參數中排查便可，比起以前在Mybatis裏各類翻配置文件的時期，簡直就是天堂地獄。html

　　　　好了，說了這麼多優劣，今天來寫寫要作筆記的項目。Java Web項目 + Maven項目依賴 + Spring + Spring MVC + JdbcTemplate + dbcp2鏈接池。其實中間三項都是Spring裏面含有的。java

開始

　　　　下載一個IDEAIDE，這個IDE比之於Eclipse，一開始會有些不習慣，可是用了一段時間以後就以爲它的各類細節處理很受好評，特別是對Maven項目的支持。mysql

　　　　而後新建一個Maven Java 項目，選擇Web模板。雖然IDE版本不同，可是模板之類還有新建模板的步驟都是沒怎麼變化的。web

　　　　選擇建立按照Web模板，和JDK版本。spring

　　　　這個group id 的官方解釋是組織id，個人理解是好比一個項目的組織爲taobao，jd這樣子，算是項目組的最高id。artifact id官方解釋是項目惟一標識，算是在組織之下的惟一項目標誌，建立項目以後會發現項目名稱是這個artifact id。sql

　　　　以後的一步是選擇maven版本，maven倉庫之類的，自行斟酌。數據庫

　　　　在個人環境裏，建立完項目以後，結構並非我想象的那樣，查了資料，加上等待maven加載以後，項目的結構變成了我熟悉的那種結構，就是少了java文件夾。建立項目以後，maven會一直下載jar包，等它加載完成纔會變成熟悉的maven結構。apache

　　　　這裏在配置的時候注意，classpath是java目錄下，若是在src/main下面若是沒有java能夠本身建一個（我就是沒有這個文件夾）。json

　　　　接下來，項目加載完成了，須要導入依賴包了，編輯pom.xml文件。（在這裏保存我本地項目的配置）api

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>TestProject</groupId>
  <artifactId>test1</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>test1 Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <!-- spring版本號 -->
    <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <!-- mybatis版本號 -->
    <mybatis.version>3.2.6</mybatis.version>
    <!-- log4j日誌文件管理包版本 -->
    <slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
    <!-- jackson包版本 -->
    <jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!--單元測試依賴 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <!-- 表示開發的時候引入，發佈的時候不會加載此包 -->
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!--spring單元測試依賴 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- springMVC核心包 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- spring核心包 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- AOP begin -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
      <version>1.7.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
      <version>1.7.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>cglib</groupId>
      <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
      <version>3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- AOP end -->
    <!-- Mysql數據庫驅動包 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.34</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- log start -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>${log4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
      <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
      <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- log end -->
    <!--servlet-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 映入JSON -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.13</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.13</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
      <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
      <version>2.1</version>
      <classifier>jdk15</classifier>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>test1</finalName>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.6</source>
          <target>1.6</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>

    <!-- 解決Maven項目編譯後classes文件中沒有.xml問題 -->
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/java</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>**/*.xml</include>
        </includes>
        <filtering>true</filtering>
      </resource>
    </resources>
  </build>
</project>

　　　　待加載完成後，配置web.xml。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">

  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>/index.html</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <display-name>test1</display-name>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:resources/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <!-- 攔截設置 -->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <!-- 此處能夠能夠配置成*.do，對應struts的後綴習慣 -->
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>


  <!--把applicationContext.xml加入到配置文件中-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:resources/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <!--spring啓動監聽器-->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <!--日誌配置-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:resources/log4j.properties</param-value>
  </context-param>
</web-app>

　　　　須要配置文件：spring bean配置文件，spring mvc配置文件，jdbc.properties，log4j配置文件。統一寫在resource下。

　　　　此時路徑是 classpath:resource/*.xml。

　　　　其餘幾份配置文件。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.0.xsd">
    <!-- 進行主數據庫的事務配置，採用默認策略 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
          class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
    <!-- 引入jdbc配置文件 -->
    <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations">
            <list>
                <value>classpath:resources/jdbc.properties</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置數據源 使用dbcp鏈接池-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource"  destroy-method="close">
        <property name="url">
            <value>${jdbc.url}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
        <property name="username">
            <value>${jdbc.username}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="password">
            <value>${jdbc.password}</value>
        </property>
        <!--initialSize: 初始化鏈接-->
        <property name="initialSize" value="25"/>
        <property name="maxTotal" value="20"/>
        <property name="maxIdle" value="5"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref ="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!--Dao Config-->
    <bean id="demoDao" class="Dao.DemoDao">
        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref ="jdbcTemplate"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">

    <description>Spring MVC Configuration</description>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="controller"/>

    <!-- don't handle the static resource -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

    <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前綴 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="" />
        <!-- 後綴 -->
        <property name="suffix" value="" />
    </bean>
</beans>

### \u8BBE\u7F6E###
log4j.rootLogger=D,E,CONSOLE
###set spring not output under error rank
log4j.logger.org.springframework=ERROR
###Console print
log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] -[ %l ] %m%n
log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] -[ %l ] %m%n

log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.E.File = ${catalina.base}/InvoiceLogs/error.log
log4j.appender.E.Append = true
log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR 
log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] -[ %l ] %m%n

jdbc.driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Test?useUnicode=true&amp&characterEncoding=UTF-8
jdbc.username = 帳號
jdbc.password = 密碼

　　配置完成以後寫個demo而後看看運行正常麼。

package controller;

import Dao.DemoDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created by MacBook on 2017/11/5.
 */
@RequestMapping("/first")
@Controller
public class FirstController {
    @Autowired
    private DemoDao demoDao;

    @RequestMapping(value="/sayHello",produces="text/html;charset=UTF-8",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public @ResponseBody String sayHello(){
        return "hello";
    }
    @RequestMapping(value="/testDao",produces="text/html;charset=UTF-8",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public @ResponseBody String testDao(){
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        List<Map<String,Object>> arr = demoDao.getAddressAll();
        if(arr != null){
            for(Map<String,Object> map : arr){
                sb.append("id :"+map.get("id").toString()).append("\t");
                sb.append("address :"+map.get("address").toString()).append("\t");
                sb.append("remart :"+map.get("remark").toString()).append("\t");
                sb.append("\r\n");
            }
        }else {
            sb.append("no data");
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

package Dao;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created by MacBook on 2017/11/5.
 */
public class DemoDao {
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    //測試獲取address信息
    public List<Map<String,Object>> getAddressAll(){
        String sql = "select * from address";
        try{
            return jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate() {
        return jdbcTemplate;
    }

    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }
}

　　　　測試運行正常，到此筆記結束。

　　　　對jdbcTemplate的泛型數據處理那是服服帖帖的，數據庫返回的數據，要不就是一列要不就是多列要不就是沒有。List<Map<String,Object>>爲多列數據，Map<String,Object>爲一列數據，沒有會拋異常。有點近乎於nosql的領域，須要什麼拿什麼這種感受。捨棄了繁重的數據封裝model層。