mysq的主從複製、備份、還原

                             基於mysql數據庫文件的主從同步與AB複製及數據備份

2011-09-13更新

搭建實驗環境說明：

在 RH5.4 yum安裝 mysql部署master 數據庫A，Centos 5.5 編譯安裝mysql 部署slave數據庫B；

mysql 版本信息：

 master  mysql-5.0.77    slave ：mysql-5.0.87        //測試環境並無考慮版本問題

提示：（關閉selinux）

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通常狀況：mysqladmin -uroot password '123456'設置root用戶訪問mysql的密碼；
mysql -uroot -p 鍵如密碼便可登陸mysql>界面

1、

##########################在master mysql操做：##########################
一、受權從服務器的root用戶來主服務器同步資源的權限
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT,RELOAD,SUPER ON *.* TO root#slave IP     IDENTIFIED BY '123456';             //將#換成@

#若是須要的話添加管理用戶，經過mysql的客戶端來測試同步的狀況

mysql>flush privileges;                                           // 刷新權限，使設置生效

#在node2上使用一下命令測試受權是否成功

#mysql -h 192.168.0.42 -uroot -p

二、在master mysql 配置
#vim /etc/my.cnf

# 確保有以下行
server-id = 1
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog-do-db=mytest
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
#binlog-do-db=                                    // 須要備份的數據庫名，可寫多行
#binlog-ignore-db=                             // 不須要備份的數據庫名，可寫多行

2、
##########################在slave mysql操做：###########################

一、編輯/etc/my.cnf
server-id=2
log-bin=mysql-bin
master-host=192.168.0.123
master-user=root

master-password=123456
master-port=3306
replicate-do-db=mytest
可選項以下：
# replicate-do-db=test                               //  須要備份的數據庫名
# replicate-ignore-db=mysql                        //  忽略的數據庫
# master-connect-retry=60        //若是從服務器發現主服務器斷掉，從新鏈接的時間差(秒)

3、

##########################在master mysql操做：##########################

一、建立測試數據庫

mysql> create database mytest;                      //建立mytest庫
mysql>show databases;
mysql> use mytest;            

mysql> show tables;

+------------------+
| Tables_in_mytest |
+------------------+
| mytable                   |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>ceate table mytable (name VARCHAR(20), sex CHAR(1), birth DATE, birthaddr VARCHAR(20));
mysql>describe mytable; 

mysql>insert into mytable values   ('hanfeng','b','1987-08-08','china'); 

mysql>insert into mytable values   ('feiniao','g','1988-08-08','china');

mysql>select * from mytable;

+----------+------+------------+-----------+
| name     | sex  | birth      | birthaddr |
+----------+------+------------+-----------+
| hanfeng  | s    | 1985-08-08 | china     |
| feiniao  | g    | 1988-08-08 | china     |
+----------+------+------------+-----------+

 

二、在master使用mysqldump命令將數據庫導出：

#mysqldump -uroot mytest  > mysql.sql

三、使用scp命令將mysql.sql拷貝到slave

#scp mysq.sql root#slaveIP:/root                 //將#換成@

4、

##########################在slave mysql操做：###########################

一、建立mytest數據庫，

mysql> create database mytest；

二、將mysql.sql導入其中
#mysql -uroot -p mytest < mysql.sql

三、檢查mysql.sql導入是否成功

mysql> create database mytest;                        

mysql>show databases;
mysql> use mytest;            

mysql> show tables;

+------------------+
| Tables_in_mytest |
+------------------+
| mytable            |
+------------------+

mysql>select * from mytable;

+----------+------+------------+-----------+
| name     | sex  | birth      | birthaddr |
+----------+------+------------+-----------+
| hanfeng  | s    | 1985-08-08 | china     |
| feiniao  | g    | 1988-08-08 | china     |
+----------+------+------------+-----------+

 

四、驗證配置的正確性

mysql>start slave；                    // 若是啓動失敗，參看如下錯誤處理②
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row *******************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event 必須的
Master_Host: 192.168.0.123
Master_User: root

Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 287
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000009
Relay_Log_Pos: 424
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes      # 爲YES狀態  （說明：若是出現NO請參看下面錯誤解答！）
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes   # 爲YES狀態
Replicate_Do_DB: mytest
Replicate_Ignore_DB:

#####################################################################

                                      此時使用mysqldump的備份與還原基本完成

5、
##########################在master mysql操做：##########################
mysql> use mytest;
mysql>insert into mytable values  ('shanghai','s','2011-09-13','china');

mysql>select * from mytable;
向mytest數據庫的mytable表中插入一新記錄；
在slave服務器上
mysql> use mytest;
mysql>select * from mytable;
獲得：
mysql> select * from mytable;
+-----------+------+------------+---------------+
| name      | sex  | birth      | birthaddr       |
+-----------+------+------------+----------------+
| hanfeng   | b    | 1987-08-08 | china       |
| feiniao     | g    | 1988-08-08 | china        |
| shanghai | s    | 2011-09-13 | china     |
+-----------+------+------------+---------------+
 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

 基於mysql數據庫文件的主從同步與AB複製及數據備份到此完成！

 

總結：

##############################  錯誤處理 ① ##########################

對於       Slave_IO_Running: No
               Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
錯誤解答

Master slave 複製錯誤
Description：
Slave_IO_Running:NO
Slave_SQL_Running:Yes
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
本人遇到的Slave_IO_Running:NO的狀況有下面兩種：
1. 在配置slave同步時由於slave訪問master沒有權限致使；
2. master上的mysql-bin.xxxxxx文件全被我誤刪除了；
對於第一種狀況，仔細檢查數據庫訪問權限便可解決；
對於第二種狀況：
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             Slave_IO_State:
                Master_Host: 192.168.0.123
                Master_User: slave
                Master_Port: 3306
              Connect_Retry: 60
            Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000016
        Read_Master_Log_Pos: 173
             Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000008
              Relay_Log_Pos: 98
      Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000016
           Slave_IO_Running: No
          Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
            Replicate_Do_DB:
        Replicate_Ignore_DB:
         Replicate_Do_Table:
     Replicate_Ignore_Table: br>          

                  Last_Error: 0
               Skip_Counter: 0
        Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 173
            Relay_Log_Space: 98
            Until_Condition: None
             Until_Log_File:
              Until_Log_Pos: 0
         Master_SSL_Allowed: No
         Master_SSL_CA_File:
         Master_SSL_CA_Path:
            Master_SSL_Cert:
          Master_SSL_Cipher:
             Master_SSL_Key:
      Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

解決步驟：
重啓master庫：service mysqld restart
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |       98 |              |                                         |
+------------------+--------------------+-----------------+------------------+
mysql> slave stop;
mysql> change master to Master_Log_File='mysql-bin.000001',Master_Log_Pos=98;
mysql> slave start;
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                Master_Host: 192.168.0.123
                Master_User: slave
                Master_Port: 3306
              Connect_Retry: 60
            Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
        Read_Master_Log_Pos: 98
             Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
              Relay_Log_Pos: 235
      Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
           Slave_IO_Running: Yes
          Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
            Replicate_Do_DB:
    Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
         Replicate_Do_Table:
     Replicate_Ignore_Table:
    Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                 Last_Errno: 0
                 Last_Error:
               Skip_Counter: 0
        Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 98
            Relay_Log_Space: 235
            Until_Condition: None
             Until_Log_File:
              Until_Log_Pos: 0
         Master_SSL_Allowed: No
         Master_SSL_CA_File:
         Master_SSL_CA_Path:
            Master_SSL_Cert:
          Master_SSL_Cipher:
             Master_SSL_Key:
      Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

##############################  錯誤處理 ② ##########################

問題：若是你的mysql數據庫已經有數據存儲使用，將致使master與slave日誌錯誤！
mysql> start slave;
ERROR 1201 (HY000): Could not initialize master info structure; more error messages can be found in the MySQL error log
mysql> show slave status;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

處理：刪除mysql-bin.000001 日誌文件，並重啓mysql服務
一、master
#rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*.*        
二、slave
#rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/var/*.*   
三、service mysqld restart

 

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