GUI的最終選擇Tkinter模塊初級篇

時間 2019-11-13

標籤 gui 最終選擇 tkinter 模塊初級简体版

原文原文鏈接

1、Tkinter模塊的基本使用php

1）實例化窗口程序html

import tkinter as tk
app = tk.Tk()
app.title("FishC Demo")
app.mainloop()

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2）窗口生成一個標題文本java

import tkinter as tk
# 第一步實例化tk,用於容納整個程序
app = tk.Tk()
app.title("FishC Demo")     # 設置標題欄

# 第二步，用於顯示文本，或圖片
thelabel =tk.Label(app,text="個人第二個窗口程序")    #  Label 實例化標籤
thelabel.pack()     # 用於自動調節組件的尺寸

# 窗口的組事件循環
app.mainloop()

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3）用類來實現簡單的窗口python

import tkinter as tk

class App:
    def __init__(self,master):
        frame = tk.Frame(master)
        frame.pack()

        self.hi_there = tk.Button(frame,text='打招呼',fg = 'blue')
        self.hi_there.pack()

root = tk.Tk()
app = App(root)
root.mainloop()

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4）類中，建立點擊方法，修改文本位置，及背景方法git

import tkinter as tk

class App:
    def __init__(self,master):
        frame = tk.Frame(master)
        frame.pack(side = tk.LEFT,padx = 10,pady = 10)
        self.hi_there = tk.Button(frame,text='打招呼',bg = 'blue',fg = 'white',command=self.say_hi)
        self.hi_there.pack()
    def say_hi(self):
        print('歡迎來到GUI編程')

root = tk.Tk()
app = App(root)
root.mainloop()

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5）添加圖片功能web

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
textlabel = Label(root,text='你勇敢嗎！')
textlabel.pack(side = LEFT)

photo = PhotoImage(file = "1.png")
imgLabel = Label(root,image=photo)
imgLabel.pack(side = RIGHT)

mainloop()

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6）對文字屬性編輯編程

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
textlabel = Label(root,text='你勇敢嗎！,\n敢來嗎',justify=LEFT,padx=10)     # justify=LEFT 左對齊   padx=10 邊距是10
textlabel.pack(side = LEFT)

photo = PhotoImage(file = "1.png")
imgLabel = Label(root,image=photo)
imgLabel.pack(side = RIGHT)

mainloop()

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7）設置成背景圖片ruby

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
photo = PhotoImage(file='1.jpg')
theLabel = Label(root,
                 text="the beautiful girl",
                 justify= LEFT,
                 image=photo,
                 compound=CENTER,
                 font=("宋體",25),
                 fg="black")
theLabel.pack()
mainloop()

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2、Button組件 app

1）Button點擊觸發事件ide

from tkinter import *
def callback():
    var.set("吹吧，我纔不信")
    pass

root = Tk()

frame1 = Frame(root)
frame2 = Frame(root)

var = StringVar()
var.set("你勇敢嗎！,\n敢來嗎")
textlabel = Label(frame1,
                  textvariable=var,
                  justify=LEFT,
                  padx=10)     # textvariable是變量字符串  justify=LEFT 左對齊   padx=10 邊距是10
textlabel.pack(side = LEFT)

photo = PhotoImage(file = "1.png")
imgLabel = Label(frame1,image=photo)
imgLabel.pack(side = RIGHT)

theButton = Button(frame2,text="肯定，你就點啊",command = callback)
theButton.pack()

frame1.pack(padx=10,pady=10)
frame2.pack(padx=10,pady=10)

mainloop()

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2）記錄Button的點擊記錄事件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

v = IntVar()

c = Checkbutton(root,text="測試一下",variable=v)    # variable=v 表示按鈕狀態是否被按下
c.pack()

l = Label(root,textvariable=v)  # 記錄選中狀態
l.pack()

mainloop()

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3）Button點擊事件列表應用

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

GIRLS = ["西施","蒼老師",'東施']

v = []

for girl in GIRLS:
    v.append(IntVar())
    b = Checkbutton(root,text=girl,variable=v[-1])
    b.pack(anchor=W)    # 名字左對齊

mainloop()

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4）互斥事件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

v = IntVar()

Radiobutton(root,text='One',variable=v,value=1).pack(anchor=W)
Radiobutton(root,text='Two',variable=v,value=2).pack(anchor=W)
Radiobutton(root,text='Threr',variable=v,value=3).pack(anchor=W)

mainloop()

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5）for循環使用互斥事件和按鈕的多樣式

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

LANGS=[("python",1),
       ("java",2),
       ("php",3),
       ("ruby",4)]

v = IntVar()
v.set(1)

for lang,num in LANGS:
    b = Radiobutton(root,text=lang,variable=v,value=num,indicatoron=False)  # indicatoron=False 設置點擊的樣式，默認的小原點
    b.pack(fill=X)  # 按鈕橫向填充
mainloop()

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6）選擇回答選項設置

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

group = LabelFrame(root,text="最好的腳本語言是？",padx=5,pady=5)
group.pack(padx=10,pady=10)

LANGS=[("python",1),
       ("java",2),
       ("php",3),
       ("ruby",4)]

v = IntVar()
# v.set(1)  # 這個是默認選擇第一個

for lang,num in LANGS:
    b = Radiobutton(group,text=lang,variable=v,value=num)  # indicatoron=False 設置點擊的樣式，默認的小原點
    b.pack(anchor=W)
mainloop()

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3、Entry輸入框方法

1）初探輸入框

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

e = Entry(root)
e.pack(padx=20,pady=20)

mainloop()

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2）生成默認輸入框文本

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

e = Entry(root)
e.pack(padx=20,pady=20)

e.delete(0,END)
e.insert(0,"默認文本...")

mainloop()

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3）獲取用戶交互點擊信息

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

Label(root,text="做品：").grid(row=0,column=0)
Label(root,text="做者：").grid(row=1,column=0)

e1 = Entry(root)
e2 = Entry(root)
e1.grid(row=0,column=1,padx=10,pady=5)
e2.grid(row=1,column=1,padx=10,pady=5)

def show():
    print("做品：<%s>" % e1.get())
    print("做者：<%s>" % e2.get())

Button(root,text="獲取信息",width=10,command=show)\
    .grid(row=3,column=0,sticky=W,padx=10,pady=5)
Button(root,text="退出",width=10,command=root.quit) \
    .grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=E, padx=10, pady=5)

mainloop()

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4）輸入框隱藏輸入密碼功能

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

Label(root,text="帳號：").grid(row=0,column=0)
Label(root,text="密碼：").grid(row=1,column=0)

v1 = StringVar()
v2 = StringVar()

e1 = Entry(root,textvariable=v1)
e2 = Entry(root,textvariable=v2,show="*")
e1.grid(row=0,column=1,padx=10,pady=5)
e2.grid(row=1,column=1,padx=10,pady=5)

def show():
    print("帳號：%s" % e1.get())
    print("密碼：%s" % e2.get())

Button(root,text="芝麻開門",width=10,command=show)\
    .grid(row=3,column=0,sticky=W,padx=10,pady=5)
Button(root,text="退出",width=10,command=root.quit) \
    .grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=E, padx=10, pady=5)

mainloop()

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5）輸入框正確則保留，錯誤清空從新輸入

from tkinter import *

master = Tk()

def test():
    if e1.get() == "python":
        print("正確")
        return True
    else:
        print("錯誤")
        e1.delete(0,END)
        return False

v = StringVar()
e1 = Entry(master,textvariable=v,validate="focusout",validatecommand=test)
e2 = Entry(master)
e1.pack(padx = 10,pady=10)
e2.pack(padx = 10,pady=10)
mainloop()

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6）函數調用使用

#-*-coding: utf-8 -*-
from tkinter import *

master = Tk()

def test1():
    if e1.get() == "python":
        print("正確")
        return True
    else:
        print("錯誤")
        e1.delete(0,END)
        return False

def test2():
    print("python被調用了")
    return True


v = StringVar()
e1 = Entry(master,textvariable=v,validate="focusout",\
           validatecommand=test1,invalidcommand=test2)
e2 = Entry(master)
e1.pack(padx = 10,pady=10)
e2.pack(padx = 10,pady=10)

mainloop()

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7）驗證函數的額外選項

from tkinter import *

master = Tk()

v = StringVar()
def test(content,reason,name):
    if content == "python":
        print("正確")
        print(content,reason,name)
        return True
    else:
        print("錯誤")
        print(content, reason, name)
        return False

testCMD = master.register(test)
e1 = Entry(master,textvariable=v,validate="focusout",\
           validatecommand=(testCMD,'%P','%v','%W'))
e2 = Entry(master)
e1.pack(padx = 10,pady=10)
e2.pack(padx = 10,pady=10)

mainloop()

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8）實現一個簡單的加法計算器

from tkinter import *

master = Tk()

frame = Frame(master)
frame.pack(padx=10,pady=10)

v1 = StringVar()
v2 = StringVar()
v3 = StringVar()
def test(content):
    return content.isdigit()

testCMD = master.register(test)
e1 = Entry(frame,width=10,textvariable=v1,validate="key",\
           validatecommand=(testCMD,'%P')).grid(row=0,column=0)
Label(frame,text="+").grid(row=0,column=1)

e2 = Entry(frame,width=10,textvariable=v2,validate="key",\
           validatecommand=(testCMD,'%P')).grid(row=0,column=2)
Label(frame,text="=").grid(row=0,column=3)
e3 = Entry(frame,width=10,textvariable=v3,state="readonly").grid(row=0,column=4)

def calc():
    result = int(v1.get()) + int(v2.get())
    v3.set(str(result))
Button(frame,text='計算結果',command=calc).grid(row=1,column=2,pady=5)
mainloop()

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9）Listbox組件使用，引出滾動條

　實現單一的刪除操做

from tkinter import *

master = Tk()
theLB = Listbox(master)
theLB.pack()

for item in ['雞蛋','鴨蛋','鵝蛋','狗蛋']:
    theLB.insert(END,item)

theButton = Button(master, text="刪除它",\
                   command = lambda x=theLB:x.delete(ACTIVE))
theButton.pack()
# theLB.delete(0,END)     # 所有刪除
mainloop()

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theLB = Listbox(master,selectmode=EXTENDED)         # 多選
theLB = Listbox(master,selectmode=SINGLE)           # 單選
theLB = Listbox(master,selectmode=SINGLE,height=15) # 增長高度

4、滾動條操做

1）Scrikkbar生成滾動條方法

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
sb = Scrollbar(root)
sb.pack(side=RIGHT,fill =Y)

mainloop()

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2）另外一種 Scale增長精度的滾動條

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

Scale(root,from_=0, to =42).pack()
Scale(root,from_=0, to =200,orient = HORIZONTAL).pack()

mainloop()

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3）獲取該精度的位置

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

s1 = Scale(root,from_=0, to =42)
s1.pack()
s2 = Scale(root,from_=0, to =200,orient = HORIZONTAL)
s2.pack()

def show():
    print(s1.get(),s2.get())

Button(root,text="獲取位置",command =show).pack()

mainloop()

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4）精度的具體演示

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

s1 = Scale(root,from_=0, to =42,tickinterval=5,resolution=5,length=200)
s1.pack()
s2 = Scale(root,from_=0, to =200,tickinterval=10,orient = HORIZONTAL,length=600)
s2.pack()

mainloop()

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5、insert插入功能

1）插入文本

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root, width=30, height=5)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love \n")
text.insert(END,"YOU")

def show():
    print("我被點了一下")
b1 = Button(text,text="點我啊",command=show)
text.window_create(INSERT,window=b1)

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2）插入圖片

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root, width=30, height=30)
text.pack()

phone = PhotoImage(file = "1.jpg")

def show():
    text.image_create(END,image=phone)

b1 = Button(text,text="點我啊",command=show)
text.window_create(INSERT,window=b1)

mainloop()

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3）指定位置改變字體顏色

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")

text.tag_add("tag1","1.7","1.12","1.14")
text.tag_config("tag1",background="yellow",foreground="red")

mainloop()

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4）顏色覆蓋，後者覆蓋前者

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")

text.tag_add("tag1","1.7","1.12","1.14")
text.tag_add("tag2","1.1","1.9","1.14")
text.tag_config("tag1",background="yellow",foreground="red")
text.tag_config("tag2",foreground="blue")

mainloop()

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5）綁定事件，超連接

from tkinter import *
import webbrowser

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")

text.tag_add("link","1.7","1.16")
text.tag_config("link",foreground="blue",underline=True)

def show_arrow_cursor(event):
    text.config(cursor="arrow")
def show_xterm_curror(event):
    text.config(cursor="xterm")
def click(event):
    webbrowser.open("http://www.baidu.com")
text.tag_bind("link","<Enter>",show_arrow_cursor)
text.tag_bind("link","<Leave>",show_xterm_curror)
text.tag_bind("link","<Button-1>",click)
mainloop()

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6）檢查文本是否發生了變更

from tkinter import *
import hashlib

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")
contents = text.get("1.0",END)

def getSig(contents):
    m = hashlib.md5(contents.encode())
    return m.digest()
sig = getSig(contents)

def check():
    contents = text.get("1.0", END)
    if sig != getSig(contents):
        print("警報：內容發生變更")
    else:
        print("風平浪靜")

Button(root,text="檢查",command=check).pack()

mainloop()

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7）對文本進行全局收索

from tkinter import *
import hashlib

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")

def getIndex(start,index):
    return tuple(map(int,str.split(text.index(index),".")))

start = "1.0"
while True:
    pos = text.search("o",start,stopindex=END)
    if not pos:
        break
    print("找到啦，位置是:",getIndex(text,pos))
    start = pos + "+1c"

mainloop()

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8）撤銷操做，自動插入分隔符

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5,undo=True)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")

def show():
    text.edit_undo()

Button(root,text="撤銷",command=show).pack()

mainloop()

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9）撤銷，一個字符一個字符的刪除

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5,undo=True,autoseparators=False)      # autoseparators 去銷自動插入分隔符
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")

def callback(event):    # 綁定事件須要加參數
    text.edit_separator()   # 人爲的插入分割符

text.bind('<Key>',callback)

def show():
    text.edit_undo()

Button(root,text="撤銷",command=show).pack()

mainloop()