十二週四次課

時間  2019-12-04
標籤 十二週 12周 四次 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

十二週四次課php

12.13Nginx防盜鏈css

12.14Nginx訪問控制html

12.15Nginx解析php相關配置mysql

12.16Nginx代理linux

12.13Nginx防盜鏈nginx

Nginx防盜鏈目錄概要web

  • 配置以下，能夠和上面的配置結合起來

location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$ajax

{sql

    expires 7d;數據庫

    valid_referers none blocked server_names  *.test.com ;

    if ($invalid_referer) {

        return 403;

    }

    access_log off;

}

Nginx防盜鏈

  • Nginx防盜鏈配置須要和不記錄日誌和過時時間結合在一塊兒，由於都用到了「location」

1.打開配置文件 vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

  • 註釋掉一些配置

[root@tianqi-01 local]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

  • 註釋掉一些配置

#    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
#   {
#          expires      7d;
#          access_log off;
#    }

  • 添加一些配置

location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$
{
    expires 7d;    //過時時間7天
    valid_referers none blocked server_names  *.test.com ;    //定義一個白名單，referer就是指一些域名
    if ($invalid_referer) {    //若是不是白名單裏的
        return 403;        //返回403
    }
    access_log off;
}

  • 最後結果以下

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name test.com test2.com test3.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
    if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
        rewrite  ^/(.*)$  http://test.com/$1  permanent;
    }

#    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
#   {
#          expires      7d;
#          access_log off;
#    }
location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$
{
    expires 7d;
    valid_referers none blocked server_names  *.test.com ;
    if ($invalid_referer) {
        return 403;
    }
    access_log off;
}

    location ~ .*\.(js|css)$
    {
#          expires      12h;
          access_log off;
    }
access_log /tmp/test.com.log combined_realip;
}

保存退出

2.添加的配置中的 ~* 表示不區分大小寫，另外防盜鏈的配置裏面server_names能夠不寫照樣

3.檢查配置文件語法錯誤，並從新加載配置文件

[root@tianqi-01 local]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@tianqi-01 local]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@tianqi-01 local]# 

4.測試

[root@tianqi-01 local]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -I test.com/2.gif
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 13:02:00 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive

[root@tianqi-01 local]# 

[root@tianqi-01 local]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -I test.com/1.gif
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 12:29:06 GMT
Content-Type: image/gif
Content-Length: 10
Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Mar 2018 13:30:40 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5aa7d280-a"
Expires: Wed, 21 Mar 2018 12:29:06 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=604800
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@tianqi-01 local]# 

5.測試防盜鏈，使用curl -e

[root@tianqi-01 local]# curl -e "http://www.baidu.com/1.txt" -x127.0.0.1:80 -I test.com/1.gif
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 12:29:46 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive

[root@tianqi-01 local]# curl -e "http://www.test.com/1.txt" -x127.0.0.1:80 -I test.com/1.gif
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 12:29:55 GMT
Content-Type: image/gif
Content-Length: 10
Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Mar 2018 13:30:40 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5aa7d280-a"
Expires: Wed, 21 Mar 2018 12:29:55 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=604800
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@tianqi-01 local]# 

//這說明防盜鏈配置成功了

6.查看日誌文件

[root@tianqi-01 local]# cat /tmp/test.com.log
127.0.0.1 - [13/Mar/2018:21:33:52 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [13/Mar/2018:21:35:19 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [13/Mar/2018:21:36:51 +0800] test.com "/2.jsagasg" 404 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
[root@tianqi-01 local]# 

12.14Nginx訪問控制

•需求：訪問/admin/目錄的請求，只容許某幾個IP訪問，配置以下：

location /admin/

{

    allow 192.168.133.1;

    allow 127.0.0.1;

    deny all;

}

• mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com/admin/

• echo 「test,test」>/data/wwwroot/test.com/admin/1.html

• -t && -s reload

• curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/1.html -I

• curl -x192.168.133.130:80 test.com/admin/1.html -I

• 能夠匹配正則

location ~ .*(abc|image)/.*\.php$

{

        deny all;

}

•根據user_agent限制

if ($http_user_agent ~ 'Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato')

{

      return 403;

}

• deny all和return 403效果同樣

Nginx訪問控制

  • Nginx訪問控制，在平時運維網站的時候，常常會有一些請求不正常，或者故意的作一些限制，一些重要的內容禁止別人訪問，就能夠作一個白名單，只容許本身的公網IP或者本身公司內的公網IP去訪問
  • 在作Nginx訪問控制目錄的時候，限制的這個目錄下沒有index.html文件或者index.php文件，就會默認403

1.編輯配置文件vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

  • 增長訪問控制的代碼

location /admin/

{

    allow 192.168.133.1;

    allow 127.0.0.1;

    deny all;

}

  • 最後結果以下

//假設訪問的目錄是admin，作一個限制

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name test.com test2.com test3.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
    if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
        rewrite  ^/(.*)$  http://test.com/$1  permanent;
    }

#    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
#   {
#          expires      7d;
#          access_log off;
#    }
location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$
{
    expires 7d;
    valid_referers none blocked server_names  *.test.com ;
    if ($invalid_referer) {
        return 403;
    }
    access_log off;
}

    location ~ .*\.(js|css)$
    {
#          expires      12h;
          access_log off;
    }
    location /admin/
    {
    allow 127.0.0.1;

    allow 192.168.11.136;
    deny all;
    }

access_log /tmp/test.com.log combined_realip;
}

保存退出

//在Apache中定義allow和deny是有前後順序的，例如上一個先allow再deny的話，全部的都不能過去；而Nginx的話，只有匹配了第一項，其餘的就再也不匹配。因此，Nginx的設置的效果就是以上兩個IP經過，其它的不經過。

2.檢查配置文件是否存在語法錯誤，並從新加載配置文件

[root@tianqi-01 local]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@tianqi-01 local]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@tianqi-01 local]# 

3.測試

[root@tianqi-01 local]# curl -e "http://www.baidu.com/1.txt" -x127.0.0.1:80 -I test.com/admin/ 
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 13:20:51 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 19
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Mar 2018 13:43:21 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5aa683f9-13"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@tianqi-01 local]# curl -x192.168.11.136:80 -I test.com/admin/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 13:22:10 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 19
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Mar 2018 13:43:21 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5aa683f9-13"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@tianqi-01 local]# 

[root@tianqi-01 local]# curl -x192.168.11.139:80 -I test.com/admin/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 13:23:03 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 19
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Mar 2018 13:43:21 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5aa683f9-13"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

4.查看日誌

[root@tianqi-01 local]# !cat
cat /tmp/test.com.log
127.0.0.1 - [13/Mar/2018:21:33:52 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [13/Mar/2018:21:35:19 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [13/Mar/2018:21:36:51 +0800] test.com "/2.jsagasg" 404 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:21:20:51 +0800] test.com "/admin/" 200 "http://www.baidu.com/1.txt" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.11.136 - [14/Mar/2018:21:22:10 +0800] test.com "/admin/" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.11.136 - [14/Mar/2018:21:23:03 +0800] test.com "/admin/" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
[root@tianqi-01 local]# 

//查看日誌文件之後，會看到訪問的192.168.11.139的來源IP也是192.168.11.136，由於它是被容許的，在白名單以內，因此顯示狀態碼爲200

5.查看IP，而後給ens37網卡配置IP

  • 先查看ens37網卡是否鏈接，而後更改鏈接ens37網卡模式爲僅主機鏈接模式

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.11.136  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.11.255
        inet6 fe80::1eb9:8f9e:264a:7159  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:08:64:43  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 1460  bytes 148872 (145.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1031  bytes 131035 (127.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.11.139  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.11.255
        ether 00:0c:29:08:64:43  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

ens37: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet6 fe80::8834:1ebf:d84b:7dc9  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:08:64:4d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 21  bytes 3238 (3.1 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 120  bytes 11061 (10.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 120  bytes 11061 (10.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

6.給ens37網卡自動獲取IP，而後再來查看ens36的網卡IP地址爲192.168.233.128

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# dhclient ens37
[root@tianqi-01 ~]#

7.這時再來使用ens36網卡的IP來訪問，會看到訪問admin目錄的狀態碼爲403

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -x192.168.233.128:80 test.com/admin/
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.12.1</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

8.這時再來查看日誌文件，會看到來源的IP爲192.168.233.128，在配置文件中被沒有被容許，因此爲403

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# !cat
cat /tmp/test.com.log
127.0.0.1 - [13/Mar/2018:21:33:52 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [13/Mar/2018:21:35:19 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [13/Mar/2018:21:36:51 +0800] test.com "/2.jsagasg" 404 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:21:20:51 +0800] test.com "/admin/" 200 "http://www.baidu.com/1.txt" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.11.136 - [14/Mar/2018:21:22:10 +0800] test.com "/admin/" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.11.136 - [14/Mar/2018:21:23:03 +0800] test.com "/admin/" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.233.128 - [14/Mar/2018:22:17:21 +0800] test.com "/admin/" 403 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -e "http://www.baidu.com/1.txt" -x127.0.0.1:80 -I test.com/admin/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 14:20:30 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 19
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Mar 2018 13:43:21 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5aa683f9-13"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

//這裏www.baidu.com是被容許的，由於來源IP是127.0.0.1

針對正則匹配

  • 例子
    • 網站被黑，數據庫被盜竊，就是由於上傳圖片的目錄沒有作禁止解析php的操做，最終致使上傳了一句話木馬，php也能解析，因此網站就會被黑
  • 只要能上傳的目錄，都要禁掉，禁止解析PHP
  • 加如下代碼，便可禁掉上傳的目錄解析PHP

location ~ .*(abc|image)/.*\.php$    //只要匹配upload，而後以php結尾的

{

        deny all;    //都禁掉

}

1.打開配置文件vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name test.com test2.com test3.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
    if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
        rewrite  ^/(.*)$  http://test.com/$1  permanent;
    }   

#    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
#   {
#          expires      7d;
#          access_log off;
#    }     
location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$
{
    expires 7d;
    valid_referers none blocked server_names  *.test.com ;
    if ($invalid_referer) {
        return 403;
    }   
    access_log off;
}   
 
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)$
    {
#          expires      12h;
          access_log off;
    }     
    location /admin/
    {
    allow 127.0.0.1;
    allow 192.168.11.136;
    deny all;
    }  
    
location ~ .*(upload|image)/.*\.php$
{
        deny all;
}       

access_log /tmp/test.com.log combined_realip;
}
2.檢查配置文件語法錯誤，並從新加載配置文件

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

3.測試，首先是訪問的那個目錄，而後訪問的php資源

4.建立一個upload目錄，而後在建立一個php文件

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com/upload
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# echo "11111" > /data/wwwroot/test.com/upload/1.php
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

5.訪問upload目錄下的1.php文件，會看到是403狀態碼，被拒絕訪問

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/upload/1.php
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.12.1</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

6.這時再upload目錄下建立1.txt，再來測試訪問

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# echo "dasdasdas" >/data/wwwroot/test.com/upload/1.txt
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/upload/1.txt
dasdasdas
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

7.查看訪問日誌cat /tmp/test.com.log

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# cat /tmp/test.com.log
127.0.0.1 - [13/Mar/2018:21:33:52 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [13/Mar/2018:21:35:19 +0800] test.com "/index.html" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [13/Mar/2018:21:36:51 +0800] test.com "/2.jsagasg" 404 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:21:20:51 +0800] test.com "/admin/" 200 "http://www.baidu.com/1.txt" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.11.136 - [14/Mar/2018:21:22:10 +0800] test.com "/admin/" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.11.136 - [14/Mar/2018:21:23:03 +0800] test.com "/admin/" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.233.128 - [14/Mar/2018:22:17:21 +0800] test.com "/admin/" 403 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:20:30 +0800] test.com "/admin/" 200 "http://www.baidu.com/1.txt" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:30:14 +0800] test.com "/upload/1.php" 403 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [14/Mar/2018:22:30:49 +0800] test.com "/upload/1.txt" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

根據user_agent限制

  • 若是你的網站被cc攻擊，或者禁掉某些蜘蛛，若是你的網站想作一個被隱藏的網站，不想被別人搜索到，那麼就能夠將百度、谷歌、有道等這些蜘蛛封掉，沒有任何蜘蛛爬到你的網站，也不將網址告訴任何人，那別人就沒法知道你的站點，由於你的網站是被隱藏的。
  • 只須要根據user_agent限制，添加如下代碼

if ($http_user_agent ~ 'Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato')

{

      return 403;

}

  • deny all和return 403效果同樣

1.打開配置文件vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name test.com test2.com test3.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
    if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
        rewrite  ^/(.*)$  http://test.com/$1  permanent;
    }

#    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
#   {
#          expires      7d;
#          access_log off;
#    }
location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$
{
    expires 7d;
    valid_referers none blocked server_names  *.test.com ;
    if ($invalid_referer) {
        return 403;
    }
    access_log off;
}

    location ~ .*\.(js|css)$
    {
#          expires      12h;
          access_log off;
    }
    location /admin/
    {
    allow 127.0.0.1;
    allow 192.168.11.136;
    deny all;
    }

location ~ .*(upload|image)/.*\.php$
{
        deny all;
}
if ($http_user_agent ~ 'Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato')
{
      return 403;
}

access_log /tmp/test.com.log combined_realip;
}

保存退出

2.檢查配置文件語法錯誤，並從新加載配置文件

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

3.模擬user_agent，訪問測試，會看到顯示403

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/upload/1.txt -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 06:31:01 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 10
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 14:30:43 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5aa93213-a"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -A "Tomatoslfdfsdf"  -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/upload/1.txt -I
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 06:31:11 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

  • deny all和return 403效果同樣

4.若是訪問的時候，改爲小寫再訪問，則狀態碼爲200，由於這個是嚴格匹配的

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -A "tomatoslfdfsdf"  -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/upload/1.txt -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 06:32:19 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 10
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 14:30:43 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5aa93213-a"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

5.若是想忽略大小寫，在配置文件中的匹配符號後加 * 號便可

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

if ($http_user_agent ~* 'Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato')
{
      return 403;
}

6.再檢查配置文件，並從新加載

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

7.再來測試，會顯示403

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -A "tomatoslfdfsdf"  -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/upload/1.txt -I
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 06:35:25 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

12.15Nginx解析php相關配置

Nginx解析php相關配置目錄概要

• 配置以下：

location ~ \.php$

    {

        include fastcgi_params;

        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;

        fastcgi_index index.php;

        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;

    }

• fastcgi_pass 用來指定php-fpm監聽的地址或者socket

Nginx解析php相關配置

  • 添加如下代碼

location ~ \.php$

    {

        include fastcgi_params;

        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;

        fastcgi_index index.php;

        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;

    }

1.打開虛擬主機配置文件，由於如今test.com.conf還不能解析php，加代碼添加到配置文件中

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name test.com test2.com test3.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
    if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
        rewrite  ^/(.*)$  http://test.com/$1  permanent;
    }

location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$
{
    expires 7d;
    valid_referers none blocked server_names  *.test.com ;
    if ($invalid_referer) {
        return 403;
    }
    access_log off;
}

    location ~ .*\.(js|css)$
    {
#          expires      12h;
          access_log off;
    }
    location /admin/
    {
    allow 127.0.0.1;
    allow 192.168.11.136;
    deny all;
    }

location ~ .*(upload|image)/.*\.php$
{
        deny all;
}
if ($http_user_agent ~* 'Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato')
{
      return 403;
}

location ~ \.php$
    {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;
    }

access_log /tmp/test.com.log combined_realip;
}

保存退出

2.生成作一個php文件，在/data/wwwroot/test.com/目錄下生成3.php

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# vim /data/wwwroot/test.com/3.php

<?php
phpinfo();

保存退出

3.測試訪問3.php，會看到沒法解析3.php文件，顯示出了源碼

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php
<?php
phpinfo();
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

4.這時候檢查配置文件語法錯誤，並從新加載配置文件

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

5.這時候再來訪問3.php，會看到能夠正常解析了（會看到網頁的源碼，不少行代碼）

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php

6.如果解析php相關配置的 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; 這個路徑被寫錯，會直接顯示502，由於sock文件沒有被找到

7.將配置文件改錯後，從新加載後，再來訪問3.php，會看到顯示502狀態碼

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf 

//將tmp故意改爲tmpd
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php
<html>
<head><title>502 Bad Gateway</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>502 Bad Gateway</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.12.1</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

//這裏的狀態碼是502，由於找不到socket文件

8.查看訪問日誌cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log，會看到日誌文件中會說沒有這樣的文件或目錄

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log
2018/03/15 15:51:23 [crit] 2135#0: *8 connect() to unix:/tmd/php-fcgi.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "GET HTTP://test.com/3.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmd/php-fcgi.sock:", host: "test.com"
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

9.在遇到502的問題時，須要查看你配置的地址是否正確，首先查看錯誤日誌，而後根據錯誤日誌中提示，查看這個文件是否存在，在查看cat /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf你定義的sock是什麼，那麼在nginx的配置文件中寫什麼

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# ls /tmd/php-afcgi.sock
ls: cannot access /tmd/php-afcgi.sock: No such file or directory
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# cat /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf

[global]
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

10.這時再去配置文件中更改回來便可，因此只要配置文件中的 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; 地址錯誤，就會顯示502

502的另外一種狀況

1.假設這時不監聽sock，而去監聽IP端口

2.首先更改配置vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf

  • 將#listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock註釋掉，增長listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf
[global]
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
#listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024

保存退出

3.重啓php 命令爲/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart，php重啓也支持reload

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

4.檢查php文件是否存在語法錯誤，從新加載下nginx的配置文件

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t
[15-Mar-2018 16:06:52] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

5.查看監聽端口是否爲127.0.0.1:9000

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      821/nginx: master p 
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      804/sshd            
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      933/master          
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2188/php-fpm: maste 
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      804/sshd            
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      933/master          
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      1053/mysqld         
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

6.這時在來訪問3.php，會看到顯示爲502

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php
<html>
<head><title>502 Bad Gateway</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>502 Bad Gateway</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.12.1</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

7.查看配置文件會提示說文件不存在

8.這時候只須要在配置文件中作一個更改，在php配置那一塊，註釋掉unix，添加ip和端口

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

//在php配置那一塊，註釋掉unix，添加ip和端口

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

保存退出

9.檢查語法錯誤，並從新加載配置文件

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

10.再來訪問3.php文件，會看到正常訪問

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 08:49:26 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.30

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

11.如果出現502，要檢查下配置文件中的fastcgi_pass 這塊是否nginx與php-fpm中所配置的地址是相匹配的

  • PHP下的listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock這段配置很重要，決定了nginx是否能正確解析而不是502
    • 當PHP配置文件 listen 使用sock時，那麼對應的nginx配置文件下就必須使用 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock；
    • 當PHP配置文件listen 使用 IP加端口「127.0.0.1：9000」的時候，那麼對應的nginx就要改爲fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1：9000；

12.配置文件中的 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME 中的地址路徑/data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;與配置文件最上方的 root /data/wwwroot/test.com; 相對應起來

502的其餘狀況

  • 在php5.4及之後的其餘版本，有一個特色
  • 更改監聽爲sock，取消監聽IP和端口，註釋掉listen.mode

1.更改php-fpm的配置文件，取消註釋listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock，註釋掉#listen = 127.0.0.1:9000和#listen.mode = 666

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf
[global]
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
#listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
#listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024

2.從新加載php

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm reload
Reload service php-fpm  done
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

3.查看sock文件的權限爲660，屬主和屬組爲root

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# ls -l /tmp/php-fcgi.sock 
srw-rw---- 1 root root 0 Mar 15 16:52 /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

4.更改nginx虛擬主機配置文件，取消 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; 的註釋，註釋掉#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

  • fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;這一行的配置是爲了nginx去讀sock文件

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

location ~ \.php$
    {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
       #fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;
    } 

5.從新加載nginx配置文件

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

6.這時候再來訪問3.php，依然仍是顯示502

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php -I
HTTP/1.1 502 Bad Gateway
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 08:55:48 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 173
Connection: keep-alive

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

7.查看訪問日誌文件，顯示訪問文件，權限被拒絕

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# tail /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log
2018/03/15 15:51:23 [crit] 2135#0: *8 connect() to unix:/tmd/php-fcgi.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "GET HTTP://test.com/3.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmd/php-fcgi.sock:", host: "test.com"
2018/03/15 16:33:01 [crit] 2212#0: *10 connect() to unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "GET HTTP://test.com/3.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock:", host: "test.com"
2018/03/15 16:55:48 [crit] 2334#0: *14 connect() to unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "HEAD HTTP://test.com/3.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock:", host: "test.com"
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

8.sock文件默認權限使660，root用戶能夠讀，root用戶組也是可讀的，惟獨其餘用戶不能去讀

9.看到是由nobody的身份去讀nginx的

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# ps aux |grep nginx
root        821  0.0  0.1  21280  1684 ?        Ss   08:24   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/confnginx.conf
nobody     2333  0.0  0.3  23160  3448 ?        S    16:55   0:00 nginx: worker process
nobody     2334  0.0  0.3  23160  3948 ?        S    16:55   0:00 nginx: worker process
root       2338  0.0  0.0 112660   984 pts/0    R+   16:57   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

10.這時臨時改變權限爲nobody

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# chown nobody /tmp/php-fcgi.sock 
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

11.這時再去訪問3.php會看到正常訪問

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 09:00:46 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.30

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

12.這就是由於nobody用戶有讀的權限，因此能夠正常訪問

13.在php-fpm的配置文件中定義listen.mode，就是爲了讓任何用戶能夠讀

14.再去配置文件中取消listen.mode的註釋

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# vim  /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf

listen.mode = 666

15.而後重啓php-fpm的配置文件

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

16.查看文件的權限

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# ls -l /tmp/php-fcgi.sock 
srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 Mar 15 17:02 /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

17.訪問3.php會看到正常訪問

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2018 09:03:50 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.30

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# 

502的另外狀況

  • 就是php-fpm服務，資源耗盡，也會顯示502，這時候就須要去優化了

12.16Nginx代理

Nginx代理目錄概要

輸入圖片說明

  • cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
  • vim proxy.conf //加入以下內容

• cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost

• vim proxy.conf //加入以下內容

server

{

    listen 80;

    server_name ask.apelearn.com;

 

    location /

    {

        proxy_pass      http://121.201.9.155/;

        proxy_set_header Host   $host;

        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP      $remote_addr;

        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

    }

}

Nginx代理

輸入圖片說明

  • 需求：
    • 用戶須要訪問web服務器，但用戶由於各類緣由沒辦法直接訪問或者訪問很慢（私網無訪問、境內訪問國外服務器），因此，就須要一個能訪問web服務器的代理者，讓用戶經過代理服務器訪問，訪問事後，再把結果反饋給用戶
    • 中間者能夠和WEB服務器互通，也能和用戶互通
  • 解決方法
    • 建立代理服務器

1.首先切換目錄cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost

[root@tianqi-01 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
[root@tianqi-01 vhost]# 

2.新建一個配置文件vim proxy.conf

//加入如下內容

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name ask.apelearn.com;    //定義域名，論壇的網站

    location /
    {
        proxy_pass      http://121.201.9.155/;    //定義域名，論壇的IP
        proxy_set_header Host   $host;    //定義訪問的域名爲$host =server_name ask.apelearn.com
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP      $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}

保存退出

3.配置文件中，沒有了root，由於這是一個代理服務器，它不須要訪問本地服務器上的任何文件

4.在配置完成後，這臺虛擬機就能夠訪問ask.apelearn.com論壇了

5.檢查配置文件語法錯誤，並從新加載配置文件

[root@tianqi-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@tianqi-01 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@tianqi-01 vhost]# 

6.robots是針對蜘蛛的索引的一個列表，通常網站都會有robots

[root@tianqi-01 vhost]# curl ask.apelearn.com/robots.txt
#
# robots.txt for MiWen
#

User-agent: *

Disallow: /?/admin/
Disallow: /?/people/
Disallow: /?/question/
Disallow: /account/
Disallow: /app/
Disallow: /cache/
Disallow: /install/
Disallow: /models/
Disallow: /crond/run/
Disallow: /search/
Disallow: /static/
Disallow: /setting/
Disallow: /system/
Disallow: /tmp/
Disallow: /themes/
Disallow: /uploads/
Disallow: /url-*
Disallow: /views/
Disallow: /*/ajax/[root@tianqi-01 vhost]# 

//robots是針對蜘蛛的索引列表，通常網站都會有這個東西

7.測試代理是否成功，指定本機的IP，也能去訪問

[root@tianqi-01 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80  ask.apelearn.com/robots.txt
<html>
<head><title>502 Bad Gateway</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>502 Bad Gateway</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.12.1</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@tianqi-01 vhost]# 

8.正常狀況下，不去配置這個代理，是不可能經過本地訪問到遠程的站點的

9.這裏代理服務器就是咱們的虛擬機，WEB服務器就是論壇

友情連接：阿銘linux

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