Node.js:DNS模塊的使用

Nodejs的DNS模塊包涵有關DNS查詢和操做的方法,下面介紹該模塊的基本用法以及實現一個DNS查詢小工具。javascript

1.獲取DNS服務器地址

使用getServers方法,該方法返回一個IP地址組成的數組,以下所示:css

const dns = require('dns');
const servers = dns.getServers();
console.log(servers);

返回結果爲:html

[ '114.114.114.114', '8.8.8.8',
'fec0:0:0:ffff::1', '114.114.114.114',
'8.8.8.8', '114.114.114.114',
'8.8.8.8' ]java

2.使用系統特性域名解析獲取IP地址

使用dns.lookup(hostname[, options], callback)方法,options參數包涵如下屬性:node

  • family:地址協議族,必須爲4或6的整數
  • hints:設置getaddrinfo的標誌,dns.ADDRCONFIG 或者 dns.V4MAPPED(ipv4映射成ipv6)
  • all:false(默認),布爾值,如設置爲true,則返回IP數組,不然返回單個IP地址

callback回調函數有三個參數(err,address,family),若是options的all屬性設置爲true,則只有(err,addresses)參數且addresses爲一個數組,數組元素爲{address,family}對象。使用以下所示:web

dns.lookup('www.baidu.com',(err,address,family)=>{
    if(err) throw err;
    console.log('百度網站的IP地址是:'+address+'地址協議族是:IPV'+family);
});

結果以下:json

E:\developmentdocument\nodejsdemo>node dns-example.js
百度網站的IP地址是:14.215.177.37地址協議族是:IPV4數組

設置options的all爲true時,結果以下:服務器

dns.lookup('www.baidu.com',{family:4,all:!0,hints:dns.ADDRCONFIG|dns.V4MAPPED},(err,addresses)=>{
    if(err) throw err;
    addresses.forEach((ele,idx,arr)=>{
        console.log('百度網站的IP地址'+(idx+1)+'是:'+ele.address);
    });
});

結果以下:網絡

E:\developmentdocument\nodejsdemo>node dns-example.js
百度網站的IP地址1是:14.215.177.38
百度網站的IP地址2是:14.215.177.37

3.根據IP和端口獲取主機名

使用dns.lookupService(address, port, callback)方法,該方法依賴getnameinfo底層函數。
callback函數有三個參數(err, hostname, service),service是protocol,爲http或https,使用以下所示:

dns.lookupService('127.0.0.1',80,(err,hostname,service)=>{
    if(err) console.log(err);
    console.log('該IP對應的主機爲:'+hostname+' 協議爲:'+service);
});

結果以下:

E:\developmentdocument\nodejsdemo>node dns-example.js
該IP對應的主機爲:www.test.zmx.com 協議爲:http

4.使用網絡域名解析獲取IP地址

使用dns.resolve(hostname[, rrtype], callback)方法,rrtype有如下選擇:

  • 'A':IPV4,default
  • 'AAAA':IPV6
  • 'MX' - mail exchange records 郵件交換記錄
  • 'TXT' - text records 域名配置說明
  • 'SRV' - SRV records 服務器提供的服務
  • 'PTR' - PTR records
  • 'NS' - name server records 域名服務器
  • 'CNAME' - canonical name records 別名記錄
  • 'SOA' - start of authority record 起始受權機構
  • 'NAPTR' - name authority pointer record

callback函數有(err, addresses)兩個參數,addresses是一個數組,具體成員須要看具體的rrtype,使用以下所示:

//獲取IPV4
dns.resolve('www.qq.com','A',(err,address)=>{
    if(err) throw err;
    console.log(address);//結果爲[ '14.17.32.211', '14.17.42.40', '59.37.96.63' ]
});
//獲取IPV6
dns.resolve('www.qq.com','AAAA',(err,address)=>{
    if(err) throw err;
    console.log(address);//結果爲[ '240e:ff:f040:28::a' ]
});
//獲取SOA信息
dns.resolve('www.qq.com','SOA',(err,address)=>{
    if(err) throw err;
    console.log(address);
    //結果爲
    { nsname: 'ns-tel1.qq.com',
      hostmaster: 'webmaster.qq.com',
      serial: 1380440321,
      refresh: 300,
      retry: 600,
      expire: 86400,
      minttl: 300 }
});
//獲取別名CNAME
dns.resolve('www.baidu.com','CNAME',(err,address)=>{
    if(err) throw err;
    console.log(address);//結果爲[ 'www.a.shifen.com' ]
});

resovle還存在不少快捷方法,例如:resolve4,resolve6,resolveCname...等等

5.反向域名解析

使用dns.reverse(ip, callback)方法,callback有兩個參數(err, hostnames),hostnames是一個域名數組,使用以下所示:

dns.reverse('114.114.114.114',(err,hostnames)=>{
    if(err) throw err;
    console.log(hostnames);//結果爲[ 'public1.114dns.com' ]
});

學完了以上的知識後,能夠作個DNS查詢的小工具,以下所示:
第一步,寫個HTML靜態頁面,以下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>DNS查詢工具</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        html,body{ width: 100%; height: 100%; }
        body{ display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; }
        *{ margin:0; padding: 0; }
        ul{ list-style: none; }
        .res{line-height: 24px; color:#333; }
        .clearfix:after{ display: block; content:''; height: 0; visibility: hidden; clear: both;}
        .fl{ float:left; }
        .g-wrap{  display: flex;  width:560px;  height: 40px; }
        .u-list{position: relative; flex:1;  }
        .u-inp{flex:3; border:1px solid #ccc; border-left: none; border-right:none; padding:11px 0 11px 10px;}
        .u-btn{ flex:1; }
        .list{ display: none; position: absolute; left: 0px; top:40px; width: 100%; border:1px solid #ccc; border-top:none; border-bottom:none; box-sizing: content-box; }
        .item{ height: 30px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; color: #666; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; cursor:pointer;}
        .item:hover{ color:#0087dc; }
        .u-list .type{ display: block;  width: 100%;  line-height: 38px; border:1px solid #ccc;  text-align: center; color:#666; text-decoration: none; }
        .u-list .type:after{ content: ''; position: absolute; width:0; height:0; border:8px solid transparent; border-top-color:#ccc; right:4px; top:16px;}
        .u-inp input{ width: 100%; border:none; outline: none; height: 18px; line-height: 18px; color:#666; vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px; }
        .u-btn .btn{ display: block; line-height: 40px; text-align: center; background-color: #0087dc; color:#fff; font-size: 16px; cursor:pointer; transition: background-color .3s;}
        .u-btn .btn:hover{ background-color: #0060b2; }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="res" class="res"></div>
    <div class="g-wrap clearfix">
        <div class="u-list fl">
            <a href="javascript:;" class="type" id="type" data-value="A">IPV4</a>
            <ul id="list" class="list">
                <li class="item" data-value="A">IPV4</li>
                <li class="item" data-value="AAAA">IPV6</li>
                <li class="item" data-value="CNAME">CNAME</li>
                <li class="item" data-value="SOA">SOA</li>
            </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="u-inp fl">
            <input type="text" class="host" id="host" placeholder="請輸入域名">
        </div>
        <div class="u-btn fl">
            <span class="btn" id="btn">查詢</span>
        </div>
    </div>
    <script>
        function hide(el){
            el.style.display = 'none';
        }
        function show(el){
            el.style.display = 'block';
        }
        function dealResult(responseText){
            var ips = [],
                result = '';
            ips = JSON.parse(responseText).ips;
            if(Array.isArray(ips)){
                result = ips.length > 0 ? ips.join('<br />') : '沒有查詢到結果';
            }else if({}.toString.call(ips) === '[object Object]'){
                result = JSON.stringify(ips);
            }
            res.innerHTML = result;
        }
        type.addEventListener('click',function(e){
            e.stopPropagation();
            show(list);
        },!1);
        [].slice.call(document.body.querySelectorAll('.item')).forEach(function(el,idx,arr){
            el.addEventListener('click',function(e){
                type.innerText = this.innerText;
                type.dataset.value = this.dataset.value;
            },!1);
        });
        document.body.addEventListener('click',function(e){
            if(list.style.display === 'block'){ hide(list); }
        },!1);
        btn.addEventListener('click',function(e){
            var hostname = host.value.trim(),
                rrtype   = type.dataset.value.toUpperCase();
            if(hostname == '') return;
            if(hostname.indexOf('http://') === 0) hostname = hostname.replace('http://','');
            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(),
                method = "POST",
                url = "/dnslookup";

            xhr.open(method, url, true);
            xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
                if (xhr.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE && xhr.status === 200) {
                    dealResult(xhr.responseText);
                }
            };
            xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            xhr.send('host='+hostname+'&rrtype='+rrtype);
        },!1);
    </script>
</body>
</html>

接着編寫服務端代碼,以下:

var http = require('http'),
    url  = require('url'),
    dns  = require('dns'),
    qs   = require('querystring'),
    fs   = require('fs');

function router(req,res,pathname){
    switch(pathname){
        case '/dnslookup':
            lookup(req,res);
            break;
        default:
            showIndex(req,res);
    }
}

function showIndex(req,res){
    var pagePath = __dirname+'/'+'dns-lookup.html';
    var html = fs.readFileSync(pagePath);
    res.end(html);
}

function lookup(req,res){
    var postData = '';
    req.on('data',function(data){
        postData+=data;
    });
    req.on('end',function(data){
        var json = qs.parse(postData);
        var hostname = json.host;
        var rrtype = json.rrtype;
        dns.resolve(hostname,rrtype,function(err,adresses){
            if(err){
                res.end(JSON.stringify({errcode:1,ips:[]}));
            }
            res.end(JSON.stringify({errcode:0,ips:adresses}));
        });
        
    });
}

http.createServer(function(req,res){
    var pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname;
    req.setEncoding("utf8");
    res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':'text/html'});
    router(req,res,pathname);
}).listen(3000,'127.0.0.1');

運行效果以下:
到此這個小工具便完成了。

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