在ansible中支持條件判斷,這使咱們操做更加靈活php
使用when進行條件測試node
示例1:mysql
將 testservers 組中的其中一臺主機上的 httpd 服務卸載掉,另外主機不卸載sql
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'rpm -q httpd' 192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >> httpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.x86_64 192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >> httpd-2.2.15-47.el6.centos.3.x86_64 [root@node1 ansible]# cat http.yml - hosts: testservers remote_user: root tasks: - name: uninstall httpd service yum: name=httpd state=absent when: ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com" [root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook http.yml PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [uninstall httpd service] *********************************************** skipping: [192.168.100.132] changed: [192.168.100.131] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.100.131 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.100.132 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'rpm -q httpd' 192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >> httpd-2.2.15-47.el6.centos.3.x86_64 192.168.100.131 | FAILED | rc=1 >> package httpd is not installed [root@node1 ansible]#
示例2:shell
也可使用 or 進行 或 判斷,這裏將組內的兩臺主機的 httpd 服務都卸載,centos
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'rpm -q httpd' 192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >> httpd-2.2.15-47.el6.centos.3.x86_64 192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >> httpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.x86_64 [root@node1 ansible]# cat http.yml - hosts: testservers remote_user: root tasks: - name: uninstall httpd service yum: name=httpd state=absent when: (ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com") or ( ansible_all_ipv4_addresses[0] == '192.168.100.132') [root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook http.yml PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [uninstall httpd service] *********************************************** changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.100.131 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.100.132 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'rpm -q httpd' 192.168.100.131 | FAILED | rc=1 >> package httpd is not installed 192.168.100.132 | FAILED | rc=1 >> package httpd is not installed [root@node1 ansible]#
幾乎全部的模塊都是會outputs一些東西,甚至debug模塊也會.大多數咱們會使用的結果變量是changed.這個changed變量決定 了是否要直接handlers和輸出的顏色是什麼.然而,結果變量還有其餘的用途,譬如我須要保存個人結果變量,而後在咱們的playbook的其餘地方使用.bash
示例:ide
分別在一臺主機上建立一個目錄,另外主機不存在此目錄,根據此目錄的存在狀況,作出不一樣操做測試
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'ls -l /nono' 192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >> total 0 192.168.100.132 | FAILED | rc=2 >> ls: cannot access /nono: No such file or directory [root@node1 ansible]# cat re.yml - hosts: testservers remote_user: root tasks: - name: ls /nono shell: /bin/ls /nono register: result ignore_errors: True - name: test result copy: content="ok" dest=/tmp/test when: result.rc == 0 - name: test no result copy: content="no ok" dest=/tmp/test when: result.rc != 0 [root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook re.yml PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [ls /nono] ************************************************************** changed: [192.168.100.131] failed: [192.168.100.132] => {"changed": true, "cmd": "/bin/ls /nono", "delta": "0:00:00.004437", "end": "2016-03-02 12:56:55.409736", "rc": 2, "start": "2016-03-02 12:56:55.405299", "warnings": []} stderr: /bin/ls: cannot access /nono: No such file or directory ...ignoring TASK: [test result] *********************************************************** skipping: [192.168.100.132] ok: [192.168.100.131] TASK: [test no result] ******************************************************** skipping: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.100.131 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.100.132 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'ls -l /tmp/test' 192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2 Mar 2 12:55 /tmp/test 192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Mar 2 12:55 /tmp/test [root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'cat /tmp/test' 192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >> ok 192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >> no ok [root@node1 ansible]#
ansible 中的循環操做:spa
當有須要重複性執行的任務時,可使用迭代機制,格式爲:將須要迭代的內容定義爲Item變量引用,並經過with_items 語句來指明迭代的元素列表便可
示例一、
在 testservers 組中一臺主機上安裝lamp
[root@node1 ansible]# cat item.yml - hosts: testservers remote_user: root tasks: - name: yum install lamp yum: name=`item` state=present with_items: - httpd - mysql-server - php when: (ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com") [root@node1 ansible]#
上面的語句等同於:
- hosts: testservers remote_user: root tasks: - name: install httpd yum: name=httpd state=present when: (ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com") - name: install mysql-server yum: name=mysql-server state=present when: (ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com") - name: install php yum: name=php state=present when: (ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com")
上面的語句 hash 方式編寫也能夠,等同於以下:
- hosts: testservers remote_user: root tasks: - name: install httpd yum: name=`item`.`name` state=`item`.`state` when: (ansible_nodename == "v2.lansgg.com") with_items: - {name: 'httpd', state: 'present'} - {name: 'mysql-server', state: 'present'} - {name: 'php', state: 'present'}
開始執行:
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook item.yml PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [yum install lamp] ****************************************************** skipping: [192.168.100.132] changed: [192.168.100.131] => (item=httpd,mysql-server,php) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.100.131 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.100.132 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
ansible 的 tags 功能
ansible的playbool中有一個關鍵字,叫作tags。tags是什麼?就是打標籤。tags能夠和一個play(就是不少個task)或者一 個task進行捆綁。而後,ansible-playbook提供了「--skip-tags」和「--tags」 來指明是跳過特定的tags仍是執行特定的tags。
示例 一、
[root@node1 ansible]# cat tag.yml - hosts: testservers remote_user: root tasks: - name: echo A1 command: echo A1 tags: - A1 - name: echo A2 command: echo A2 tags: - A2 - name: echo A3 command: echo A3 tags: - A3
當執行 ansible-playbook tag.yml --tags="A1,A3 ,則只會執行A1和A3的echo命令。
以下:
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook tag.yml --tags="A1,A3" PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [echo A1] *************************************************************** changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [echo A3] *************************************************************** changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.100.131 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.100.132 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
當執行 ansible-playbook tag.yml --skip-tags="A2" ,一樣只會執行 A1和A3的echo命令。
以下:
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook tag.yml --skip-tags="A2" PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [echo A1] *************************************************************** changed: [192.168.100.132] changed: [192.168.100.131] TASK: [echo A3] *************************************************************** changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.100.131 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.100.132 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
示例 2 、
咱們安裝 httpd 服務的流程爲 安裝服務、copy文件、啓動服務、若是配置有變化就重啓服務,
[root@node1 ansible]# cat http.yml - hosts: testservers remote_user: root tasks: - name: install httpd package yum: name=httpd state=present - name: start httpd service service: name=httpd enabled=true state=started - name: copy config file copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf notify: restart httpd service tags: - modify handlers: - name: restart httpd service service: name=httpd state=restarted [root@node1 ansible]#
當咱們的配置文件有修改的時候,能夠指定tags,這樣就會只執行copy config file 任務,前面就不會再執行
結果以下:
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook http.yml --tags=modify PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [copy config file] ****************************************************** changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] NOTIFIED: [restart httpd service] ********************************************* changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.100.131 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.100.132 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
特殊 tags
系統中內置的特殊tags:
always、tagged、untagged、all 是四個系統內置的tag,有本身的特殊意義
always: 指定這個tag 後,task任務將永遠被執行,而不用去考慮是否使用了--skip-tags標記
tagged: 當 --tags 指定爲它時,則只要有tags標記的task都將被執行,--skip-tags效果相反
untagged: 當 --tags 指定爲它時,則全部沒有tag標記的task 將被執行,--skip-tags效果相反
all: 這個標記無需指定,ansible-playbook 默認執行的時候就是這個標記.全部task都被執行