原文發表在個人我的網站:Laravel 5 系列入門教程(四)【最適合中國人的 Laravel 教程】php
本教程示例代碼見:https://github.com/johnlui/Learn-Laravel-5
你們在任何地方卡住,最快捷的解決方式就是去看個人示例代碼。css
本文是本系列教程的完結篇,咱們將一塊兒給 Page 加入評論功能,讓遊客在前臺頁面能夠查看、提交、回覆評論,同時咱們將在後臺完善評論管理功能,能夠刪除、編輯評論。Page 和評論將使用 Eloquent 提供的「一對多關係」。最終,咱們將獲得一個我的博客系統的雛形,並佈置一個大做業,供你們實戰練習。html
Laravel Eloquent ORM 是 Laravel 中很是重要的部分,也是 Laravel 能如此流行的緣由之一。中文文檔在:jquery
在前面的教程中已經創建好的 learnlaravel5/app/Page.php 就是一個 Eloquent Model 類:laravel
php<?php namespace App; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class Page extends Model { // }
若想進一步瞭解 Eloquent,推薦閱讀系列文章:深刻理解 Laravel Eloquent。git
首先咱們要新建一張表來存儲 Comment,命令行運行:github
bashphp artisan make:model Comment
成功之後,修改 migration 文件 learnlaravel5/database/migrations/***_create_comments_table.php 的相應位置爲:web
phpSchema::create('comments', function(Blueprint $table) { $table->increments('id'); $table->string('nickname'); $table->string('email')->nullable(); $table->string('website')->nullable(); $table->text('content')->nullable(); $table->integer('page_id'); $table->timestamps(); });
以後運行:ajax
bashphp artisan migrate
去數據庫裏瞧瞧,comments 表已經躺在那兒啦。數據庫
修改 Page 模型:
php<?php namespace App; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class Page extends Model { public function hasManyComments() { return $this->hasMany('App\Comment', 'page_id', 'id'); } }
搞定啦~ Eloquent 中模型間關係就是這麼簡單。
模型間關係中文文檔:http://laravel-china.org/docs/5.0/eloquent#relationships
擴展閱讀:深刻理解 Laravel Eloquent(三)——模型間關係(關聯)
修改 Comment 模型:
php<?php namespace App; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class Comment extends Model { protected $fillable = ['nickname', 'email', 'website', 'content', 'page_id']; }
增長一行路由:
phpRoute::post('comment/store', 'CommentsController@store');
運行如下命令建立 CommentsController 控制器:
phpphp artisan make:controller CommentsController
修改 CommentsController:
php<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Http\Requests; use App\Http\Controllers\Controller; use Illuminate\Http\Request; use Redirect, Input; use App\Comment; class CommentsController extends Controller { public function store() { if (Comment::create(Input::all())) { return Redirect::back(); } else { return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors('評論發表失敗!'); } } }
修改視圖 learnlaravel5/resources/views/pages/show.blade.php:
php@extends('_layouts.default') @section('content') <h4> <a href="/">⬅️返回首頁</a> </h4> <h1 style="text-align: center; margin-top: 50px;">{{ $page->title }}</h1> <hr> <div id="date" style="text-align: right;"> {{ $page->updated_at }} </div> <div id="content" style="padding: 50px;"> <p> {{ $page->body }} </p> </div> <div id="comments" style="margin-bottom: 100px;"> @if (count($errors) > 0) <div class="alert alert-danger"> <strong>Whoops!</strong> There were some problems with your input.<br><br> <ul> @foreach ($errors->all() as $error) <li>{{ $error }}</li> @endforeach </ul> </div> @endif <div id="new"> <form action="{{ URL('comment/store') }}" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}"> <input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="{{ $page->id }}"> <div class="form-group"> <label>Nickname</label> <input type="text" name="nickname" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;" required="required"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Email address</label> <input type="email" name="email" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Home page</label> <input type="text" name="website" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Content</label> <textarea name="content" id="newFormContent" class="form-control" rows="10" required="required"></textarea> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-lg btn-success col-lg-12">Submit</button> </form> </div> <script> function reply(a) { var nickname = a.parentNode.parentNode.firstChild.nextSibling.getAttribute('data'); var textArea = document.getElementById('newFormContent'); textArea.innerHTML = '@'+nickname+' '; } </script> <div class="conmments" style="margin-top: 100px;"> @foreach ($page->hasManyComments as $comment) <div class="one" style="border-top: solid 20px #efefef; padding: 5px 20px;"> <div class="nickname" data="{{ $comment->nickname }}"> @if ($comment->website) <a href="{{ $comment->website }}"> <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3> </a> @else <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3> @endif <h6>{{ $comment->created_at }}</h6> </div> <div class="content"> <p style="padding: 20px;"> {{ $comment->content }} </p> </div> <div class="reply" style="text-align: right; padding: 5px;"> <a href="#new" onclick="reply(this);">回覆</a> </div> </div> @endforeach </div> </div> @endsection
前臺評論功能完成。
查看效果:
修改基礎視圖 learnlaravel5/resources/views/app.blade.php 爲:
php<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Laravel</title> <link href="/css/app.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- Fonts --> <link href='http://fonts.useso.com/css?family=Roboto:400,300' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle Navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Learn Laravel 5</a> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li><a href="/admin">後臺首頁</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li><a href="/admin/comments">管理評論</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> @if (Auth::guest()) <li><a href="/auth/login">Login</a></li> <li><a href="/auth/register">Register</a></li> @else <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false">{{ Auth::user()->name }} <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a href="/auth/logout">Logout</a></li> </ul> </li> @endif </ul> </div> </div> </nav> @yield('content') <!-- Scripts --> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </body> </html>
修改後臺路由組(增長了一行):
phpRoute::group(['prefix' => 'admin', 'namespace' => 'Admin', 'middleware' => 'auth'], function() { Route::get('/', 'AdminHomeComtroller@index'); Route::resource('pages', 'PagesController'); Route::resource('comments', 'CommentsController'); });
建立 Admin\CommentsController :
bashphp artisan make:controller Admin/CommentsController
Admin/CommentsController 要有 查看全部、查看單個、POST更改、刪除四個接口:
php<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin; use App\Http\Requests; use App\Http\Controllers\Controller; use Illuminate\Http\Request; use App\Comment; use Redirect, Input; class CommentsController extends Controller { public function index() { return view('admin.comments.index')->withComments(Comment::all()); } public function edit($id) { return view('admin.comments.edit')->withComment(Comment::find($id)); } public function update(Request $request, $id) { $this->validate($request, [ 'nickname' => 'required', 'content' => 'required', ]); if (Comment::where('id', $id)->update(Input::except(['_method', '_token']))) { return Redirect::to('admin/comments'); } else { return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors('更新失敗!'); } } public function destroy($id) { $comment = Comment::find($id); $comment->delete(); return Redirect::to('admin/comments'); } }
接下來建立兩個視圖:
learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/comments/index.blade.php:
php@extends('app') @section('content') <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading">管理評論</div> <div class="panel-body"> <table class="table table-striped"> <tr class="row"> <th class="col-lg-4">Content</th> <th class="col-lg-2">User</th> <th class="col-lg-4">Page</th> <th class="col-lg-1">編輯</th> <th class="col-lg-1">刪除</th> </tr> @foreach ($comments as $comment) <tr class="row"> <td class="col-lg-6"> {{ $comment->content }} </td> <td class="col-lg-2"> @if ($comment->website) <a href="{{ $comment->website }}"> <h4>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h4> </a> @else <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3> @endif {{ $comment->email }} </td> <td class="col-lg-4"> <a href="{{ URL('pages/'.$comment->page_id) }}" target="_blank"> {{ App\Page::find($comment->page_id)->title }} </a> </td> <td class="col-lg-1"> <a href="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id.'/edit') }}" class="btn btn-success">編輯</a> </td> <td class="col-lg-1"> <form action="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id) }}" method="POST" style="display: inline;"> <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="DELETE"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">刪除</button> </form> </td> </tr> @endforeach </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> @endsection
learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/comments/edit.blade.php:
php@extends('app') @section('content') <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading">編輯評論</div> <div class="panel-body"> @if (count($errors) > 0) <div class="alert alert-danger"> <strong>Whoops!</strong> There were some problems with your input.<br><br> <ul> @foreach ($errors->all() as $error) <li>{{ $error }}</li> @endforeach </ul> </div> @endif <form action="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id) }}" method="POST"> <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="PUT"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}"> <input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="{{ $comment->page_id }}"> Nickname: <input type="text" name="nickname" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->nickname }}"> <br> Email: <input type="text" name="email" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->email }}"> <br> Website: <input type="text" name="website" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->website }}"> <br> Content: <textarea name="content" rows="10" class="form-control" required="required">{{ $comment->content }}</textarea> <br> <button class="btn btn-lg btn-info">提交修改</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> @endsection
後臺管理功能完成,查看效果:
依賴於 Page 的評論功能已經所有完成,我的博客系統雛形誕生。在本系列教程的最後,佈置一個大做業:構建出 Article 的先後臺,而且加上 Article 與 Comment 的一對多關係,加入評論和評論管理功能。在作這個大做業的過程當中,你將會反覆地回頭去看前面的教程,反覆地閱讀中文文檔,會仔細閱讀個人代碼,等你完成大做業的時候,Laravel 5 就真正入門啦~~
教程(四)代碼快照:https://github.com/johnlui/Learn-Laravel-5/archive/tutorial_4.zip
Laravel 5 系列入門教程【最適合中國人的 Laravel 教程】到此結束,謝謝你們!