我參加了CSDN博客之星評選,若是在過去的一段時間裏陽光小強的博客對你有所幫助,在這裏但願能投上您寶貴的一票,天天均可以投一次:http://vote.blog.csdn.net/blogstar2014/details?username=lxq_xsyu#content
java
JNI是Java Native Interface的縮寫(Java本地調用),Java程序中的函數能夠調用Native語言寫的函數(通常指的是C/C++編寫的函數),Native語言寫的函數能夠調用Java層的函數。linux
Java語言的跨平臺是由於在不一樣平臺上能夠運行Java虛擬機,而虛擬機是跑在具體平臺上的,而本質上Java是經過JNI技術實現的跨平臺,不少基層的模塊在Java語言誕生以前已經有了比較優秀的實現,爲了不重複造輪子因此咱們要使用JNI技術來使用已有的模塊。android
在這裏說明一下Max OS上的所需環境搭建,Windows和Linux的請搜索相關資料。express
一、安裝JDK(此處省略)。apache
二、安裝ADT(Android Develop Tools),包括SDK和ADT插件,下載地址:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1o6OBIHG編程
三、安裝Xcode能夠去蘋果商店下載安裝(免費)。bash
四、安裝Apache ANT(下載地址:http://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi)詳細安裝過程能夠參考:http://blog.csdn.net/song_hui_xiang/article/details/14315529app
五、安裝GNU Make(默認已經安裝,因此不用安裝)可使用 make -version命令驗證是否安裝。less
六、安裝NDK(下載地址:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i3l5L8T),解壓後在用戶根目錄下新建文件.bash_profile而後添加以下兩行(配置環境變量,能夠暫時不配置)。eclipse
export ANDROID_NDK_HOME=/Users/lixiaoqiang/Documents/install_tools/ndk/android-ndk-r10c export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_NDK_HOME}注意:後面的地址是你解壓後的目錄
關於上面部分開發工具簡要介紹:
一、Apache Ant,是一個將軟件編譯、測試、部署等步驟聯繫在一塊兒加以自動化的一個工具,大多用於Java環境中的軟件開發。
二、NDK是Android原生開發工具包,能夠支持C/C++等原生編程語言開發Android應用,它提供頭文件、庫和交叉編譯工具鏈。
轉載請說明出處:http://blog.csdn.net/dawanganban
一、爲eclipse指定NDK路徑
二、導入Android NDK中的示例代碼(導入hello-jni工程),作過Android開發的朋友應該很熟悉,這裏就不囉嗦了。
三、向項目中添加原生支持
項目——>右擊——>Android Tools——>Add Native Support
該項目其實已經包含了一個原生項目,因此這一步能夠跳過,咱們直接Finish繼續。
四、插上手機(模擬器太慢了,建議使用真機)運行項目。在C/C++界面視圖咱們能夠看到以下信息
**** Build of configuration Default for project HelloJni **** /Users/lixiaoqiang/Documents/install_tools/ndk/android-ndk-r10c/ndk-build all Android NDK: WARNING: APP_PLATFORM android-19 is larger than android:minSdkVersion 3 in ./AndroidManifest.xml [arm64-v8a] Gdbserver : [aarch64-linux-android-4.9] libs/arm64-v8a/gdbserver [arm64-v8a] Gdbsetup : libs/arm64-v8a/gdb.setup [x86_64] Gdbserver : [x86_64-4.9] libs/x86_64/gdbserver [x86_64] Gdbsetup : libs/x86_64/gdb.setup [mips64] Gdbserver : [mips64el-linux-android-4.9] libs/mips64/gdbserver [mips64] Gdbsetup : libs/mips64/gdb.setup [armeabi-v7a] Gdbserver : [arm-linux-androideabi-4.6] libs/armeabi-v7a/gdbserver [armeabi-v7a] Gdbsetup : libs/armeabi-v7a/gdb.setup [armeabi] Gdbserver : [arm-linux-androideabi-4.6] libs/armeabi/gdbserver [armeabi] Gdbsetup : libs/armeabi/gdb.setup [x86] Gdbserver : [x86-4.6] libs/x86/gdbserver [x86] Gdbsetup : libs/x86/gdb.setup [mips] Gdbserver : [mipsel-linux-android-4.6] libs/mips/gdbserver [mips] Gdbsetup : libs/mips/gdb.setup [arm64-v8a] Compile : hello-jni <= hello-jni.c [arm64-v8a] SharedLibrary : libhello-jni.so [arm64-v8a] Install : libhello-jni.so => libs/arm64-v8a/libhello-jni.so [x86_64] Compile : hello-jni <= hello-jni.c [x86_64] SharedLibrary : libhello-jni.so [x86_64] Install : libhello-jni.so => libs/x86_64/libhello-jni.so [mips64] Compile : hello-jni <= hello-jni.c [mips64] SharedLibrary : libhello-jni.so [mips64] Install : libhello-jni.so => libs/mips64/libhello-jni.so [armeabi-v7a] Compile thumb : hello-jni <= hello-jni.c [armeabi-v7a] SharedLibrary : libhello-jni.so [armeabi-v7a] Install : libhello-jni.so => libs/armeabi-v7a/libhello-jni.so [armeabi] Compile thumb : hello-jni <= hello-jni.c [armeabi] SharedLibrary : libhello-jni.so [armeabi] Install : libhello-jni.so => libs/armeabi/libhello-jni.so [x86] Compile : hello-jni <= hello-jni.c [x86] SharedLibrary : libhello-jni.so [x86] Install : libhello-jni.so => libs/x86/libhello-jni.so [mips] Compile : hello-jni <= hello-jni.c [mips] SharedLibrary : libhello-jni.so [mips] Install : libhello-jni.so => libs/mips/libhello-jni.so **** Build Finished ****這個過程其實就是在構建原生組件並和Java應用程序打包的過程。此時在咱們手機上就能夠看到一行文字
一、jni目錄:包含原生組件的源代碼及描述原生組件構建方法的Make文件(Android.mk),該目錄做爲NDK構建項目時的構建目錄。
二、libs目錄:包含指定目標平臺的獨立子目錄,在打包時該目錄被包含在apk文件中。
三、obj目錄:這是一箇中間目錄,編譯源碼後產生的目標文件都保存在該目錄下,咱們最好不用訪問該目錄。
Android.mk的內容以下
# Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_MODULE := hello-jni LOCAL_SRC_FILES := hello-jni.c include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)有關Makefile的知識請參考個人另外一篇博文:http://blog.csdn.net/dawanganban/article/details/38750151
第一行:Android.mk文檔必須以LOCAL_PATH變量的定義開頭,my-dir是一個系統的宏定義,來定義源文件的目錄位置。
第二行:Android構建系統將CLEAR_VARS變量設置爲clear-vars.mk片斷的位置,更多片斷的makefile文件請看ndk\build\core目錄,以下:
做用是清除除了LOCAL_PATH之外的LOCAL_<name>變量,這樣能夠避免衝突。
第三行:每個原生組件被稱爲一個模塊,LOCAL_MODULE變量用來給這些模塊設定一個惟一的名稱。
第四行:LOCAL_SRC_FILES變量定義用來創建和組裝這個模塊的源文件列表,用空格隔開。
第五行:指明瞭build-shared-library.mk文件的保存位置,該片斷包含了將源文件構建成共享庫的必要過程。
下面咱們來看看HelloJni.java
/* * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package com.example.hellojni; import android.app.Activity; import android.widget.TextView; import android.os.Bundle; public class HelloJni extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); /* Create a TextView and set its content. * the text is retrieved by calling a native * function. */ TextView tv = new TextView(this); tv.setText( stringFromJNI() ); setContentView(tv); } /* A native method that is implemented by the * 'hello-jni' native library, which is packaged * with this application. */ public native String stringFromJNI(); /* This is another native method declaration that is *not* * implemented by 'hello-jni'. This is simply to show that * you can declare as many native methods in your Java code * as you want, their implementation is searched in the * currently loaded native libraries only the first time * you call them. * * Trying to call this function will result in a * java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError exception ! */ public native String unimplementedStringFromJNI(); /* this is used to load the 'hello-jni' library on application * startup. The library has already been unpacked into * /data/data/com.example.hellojni/lib/libhello-jni.so at * installation time by the package manager. */ static { System.loadLibrary("hello-jni"); } }從上面能夠看到調用了原生的stringFromJNI()方法,使用關鍵字native來通知Java編譯器,這個是用另外一種語言實現的,再經過加裝共享庫(static語句塊)hello-jni來告訴虛擬機原生方法的具體實現。java.lang.System類提供了兩個靜態方法,load和loadLibrary用來運行時加載共享庫。下面咱們來看看具體的實現。
#include <string.h> #include <jni.h> /* This is a trivial JNI example where we use a native method * to return a new VM String. See the corresponding Java source * file located at: * * apps/samples/hello-jni/project/src/com/example/hellojni/HelloJni.java */ jstring Java_com_example_hellojni_HelloJni_stringFromJNI( JNIEnv* env, jobject thiz ) { #if defined(__arm__) #if defined(__ARM_ARCH_7A__) #if defined(__ARM_NEON__) #if defined(__ARM_PCS_VFP) #define ABI "armeabi-v7a/NEON (hard-float)" #else #define ABI "armeabi-v7a/NEON" #endif #else #if defined(__ARM_PCS_VFP) #define ABI "armeabi-v7a (hard-float)" #else #define ABI "armeabi-v7a" #endif #endif #else #define ABI "armeabi" #endif #elif defined(__i386__) #define ABI "x86" #elif defined(__x86_64__) #define ABI "x86_64" #elif defined(__mips64) /* mips64el-* toolchain defines __mips__ too */ #define ABI "mips64" #elif defined(__mips__) #define ABI "mips" #elif defined(__aarch64__) #define ABI "arm64-v8a" #else #define ABI "unknown" #endif return (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "Hello from JNI ! Compiled with ABI " ABI "."); }第一個參數JNIEnv是指向可用JNI函數表的接口指針,第二個參數jobject是HelloJni類實例的java對象。最後一句代碼是用c字符串建立UTF-8的Java字符串。