Core中使用Hangfire

 

  以前使用Quartz.Net,後來發現hangfire對Core的繼承更加的好,並且自帶管理後臺,這就比前者好用太多了。html

安裝註冊

安裝git

PM> Install-Package Hangfire

Startup.cs,在ConfigureServices方法中添加註冊:github

services.AddHangfire(x => x.UseSqlServerStorage("connection string"));

 

SqlServer是使用這種方式,其餘方式見官方的文檔及相應插件。shell

註冊完成後,還須要在Configure方法中,添加以下高亮部分的代碼:數據庫

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
        {

            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
            }

            //添加Hangfire
            app.UseHangfireServer();
            app.UseHangfireDashboard();
配置完畢後運行咱們的項目,這時Hangfire會自動在數據庫中建立結構,數據庫中會新建以下表:

如今在網站根目錄+/Hangfire便可查看管理後臺界面以下:express

image

基本使用

Hangfire的使用很是簡單,基本上使用如下幾個靜態方法:bash

//執行後臺腳本,僅執行一次
BackgroundJob.Enqueue(() => Console.WriteLine("Fire-and-forget!")); 

//延遲執行後臺腳本呢,僅執行一次
BackgroundJob.Schedule(
    () => Console.WriteLine("Delayed!"),
    TimeSpan.FromDays(7));
    
//週期性任務
RecurringJob.AddOrUpdate(
    () => Console.WriteLine("Recurring!"),
    Cron.Daily);
    
//等上一任務完成後執行
BackgroundJob.ContinueWith(
    jobId,  //上一個任務的jobid
    () => Console.WriteLine("Continuation!"));

 注意,週期性使用可使用Cron表達式app

# ┌───────────── minute (0 - 59)
# │ ┌───────────── hour (0 - 23)
# │ │ ┌───────────── day of the month (1 - 31)
# │ │ │ ┌───────────── month (1 - 12)
# │ │ │ │ ┌───────────── day of the week (0 - 6) (Sunday to Saturday;
# │ │ │ │ │                                   7 is also Sunday on some systems)
# │ │ │ │ │
# │ │ │ │ │
# * * * * * command to execute

 

Entry Description Equivalent to
@yearly (or @annually) 每一年1月3號2:01分運行 1 2 3 1 *
@monthly 每個月3號2:01分運行 1 2 3 * *
@weekly 每週日的2:01分運行 1 2 * * 0
@daily 天天的2:01分運行 1 2 * * *
@hourly 每小時的1分運行 1 * * * *
@reboot Run at startup N/A

依賴注入

在.Net Core中到處是DI,一不當心,你會發現你在使用Hangfire的時候會遇到各類問題,好比下列代碼:less

public class HomeController : Controller
{
    private ILogger<HomeController> _logger;
    public HomeController(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
    {
        _logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<HomeController>();
    }
    public IActionResult Index()
    {
        _logger.LogInformation("start index");
        BackgroundJob.Enqueue(() => _logger.LogInformation("this a job!"));
        return View();
    }

}

 

項目啓動後,你能正常訪問,但在Hangfire後臺你會看到以下錯誤:ide

image
錯誤信息呢大概意思是不能使用接口或者抽象方法類,其實就是由於Hangfire沒有找到實例,那如何讓Hangfire支持DI呢?

咱們先建立一個MyActivator類,使其繼承Hangfire.JobActivator類,代碼以下:

public class MyActivator : Hangfire.JobActivator
{
    private readonly IServiceProvider _serviceProvider;
    public MyActivator(IServiceProvider serviceProvider) => _serviceProvider = serviceProvider;

    public override object ActivateJob(Type jobType)
    {
        return _serviceProvider.GetService(jobType);
    }
}

 

重寫了ActivateJob方法,使其返回的類型從咱們的IServiceProvider中獲取。

咱們試着寫兩個後臺腳本,CheckService和TimerService,CheckService的Check方法在執行計劃時,會再次調用Hangfire來定時啓動TimerService:

CheckService:

public interface ICheckService
{
    void Check();
}
public class CheckService : ICheckService
{
    private readonly ILogger<CheckService> _logger;
    private ITimerService _timeservice;
    public CheckService(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory,
        ITimerService timerService)
    {
        _logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<CheckService>();
        _timeservice = timerService;
    }

    public void Check()
    {
        _logger.LogInformation($"check service start checking, now is {DateTime.Now}");
        BackgroundJob.Schedule(() => _timeservice.Timer(), TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(30));
        _logger.LogInformation($"check is end, now is {DateTime.Now}");
    }
}

 

TimerService:

public interface ITimerService
{
    void Timer();
}
public class TimerService : ITimerService
{
    private readonly ILogger<TimerService> _logger;
    public TimerService(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
    {
        _logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<TimerService>();
    }
    public void Timer()
    {
        _logger.LogInformation($"timer service is starting, now is {DateTime.Now}");
        _logger.LogWarning("timering");
        _logger.LogInformation($"timer is end, now is {DateTime.Now}");
    }
}

 

目前還沒法使用,咱們必須在Startup中註冊這2個service:

services.AddScoped<ITimerService, TimerService>();
services.AddScoped<ICheckService, CheckService>();

 

咱們在HomeController修改如下:

public IActionResult Index()
{
    _logger.LogInformation("start index");
    BackgroundJob.Enqueue<ICheckService>(c => c.Check());
    return View();
}

 

好,一切就緒,只差覆蓋原始的Activator了,咱們能夠在Startup.cs中的Configure方法中使用以下代碼:

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
{
    GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.UseActivator<MyActivator>(new MyActivator(serviceProvider));
    ……
    ……
}

默認狀況下Configure方法時沒有IServiceProvider參數的,請手動添加

再次啓動,咱們的Job就會成功執行,截圖以下:
image

補充:以上在開發環境能夠正常使用,一旦發佈到正式環境會報401 Unauthorized未受權錯誤,緣由是 Hangfire 默認增長了受權配置。

解決方式:

增長CustomAuthorizeFilter

public class CustomAuthorizeFilter : IDashboardAuthorizationFilter
{
    public bool Authorize([NotNull] DashboardContext context)
    {
        //var httpcontext = context.GetHttpContext();
        //return httpcontext.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated;
        return true;
    }
}

 

Configure增長配置:

app.UseHangfireDashboard("/hangfire", new DashboardOptions() { 
    Authorization = new[] { new CustomAuthorizeFilter() }
});

 

參考資料

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