OSPF 實戰篇

時間  2021-08-15
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OSPF 實戰篇
 
經過基礎篇和進階篇的學習，我想你已經具有了充足的知識，廢話少說，既然是實戰篇就要經過試驗來學習 OSPF，下面咱們經過 8個實驗來檢驗一下你掌握的如何。
試驗一：配置 OSPF和監控
試驗二：創建鄰接關係
試驗三: 配置點對點鏈路
試驗四：配置 OSPF over NBMA 網絡類型
試驗五：配置 Stub、Totally Stub、NSSA
試驗六：瞭解 OSPF Database這應該算是個重點了！
試驗七：配置虛鏈路
試驗八：重分佈 Rip 進 OSPF
 
Lab 1: 配置 OSPF和監控
試驗的目的：
1．完成 OSPF配置
2．檢驗 OSPF的運行狀態
3．掌握一些配置命令
試驗思路：
這是最最簡單的配置 由於只有一臺路由器，路由器 F的 E1口鏈接主幹區域， s2配置了子接口
首先用 sh ip interface brief 看看接口配置
E0端口 down
E1爲 170.170.4.6
 
而後在看看 s2串口的配置信息
看到串口 2爲幀中繼，配置爲點對點字接口，每一個接口爲 1個子網
下面咱們來配置 ospf
配置 ospf進程號爲 7
廣播網絡 170.170.4.0/24 (就是 e1端口)到區域 0
廣播網絡 170.170.11.0/24和 10.0/24 到區域 1
 
配置完了，簡單吧，呵呵
下面來檢驗一下：
用 sh ip ospf 檢查一下 ospf的配置信息
Router_F#show ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 7" with ID 170.170.11.6路由器 ID
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
It is an area border router表示此路由器爲 ABR
SummaryLink updateintervalis00:30:00andthe updateduein 00:22:11
SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs
Number of DCbitless external LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge external LSA 0
Number of areas in this router is 2. 2 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Area BACKBONE(0) (Inactive)主幹區域
Number of interfaces in this area is 1在主幹域的接口爲 1
Area has no authentication區域未配置認證
SPF algorithm executed 4 times SPF計算次數
Area ranges are路由聚合
Link State Update Interval is 00:30:00 and due in 00:21:57
Link State Age Interval is 00:20:00 and due in 00:11:57
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
 
Area 1
Number of interfaces in this area is 2在區域 1的接口數量爲 2
Area has no authentication區域未配置認證
SPF algorithm executed 3 times SPF計算次數
Area ranges are路由聚合
Link State Update Interval is 00:30:00 and due in 00:22:08
Link State Age Interval is 00:20:00 and due in 00:12:08
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Router_F#
經過上條命令可檢查 ospf協議的基本信息
接下來咱們檢查一下主幹域接口 E1 的 ospf信息：用命令 sho ip ospf int e1
Router_F#show ip ospf interface ethernet 1
Ethernet1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 170.170.4.6/24, Area 0表示接口屬於主幹域
Process ID 7, Router ID 170.170.11.6, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost:
10網絡類型和接口成本
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 表示本身是
DR，優先級爲 1 Designated Router (ID) 170.170.11.6, Interface address 170.170.4.6
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit
5 hello和 dead的計時器
Hello due in 00:00:05 Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0表示此接口沒有鄰
居
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Router_F#
經過此命令檢查 ospf的接口信息，包括接口成本，接口區域，計時器，鄰居，優先級，dr
等等
用命令 show ip ospf interface 可查看全部接口的 ospf狀態。
本試驗完成。
 
Lab2：創建鄰接關係
試驗目的：
在路由器 D上配置 ospf以創建和路由器 F的鄰接關係
檢驗鄰居關係
試驗思路：
路由器 F已經配置完畢了，那麼開始配置路由器 D了，基本和路由器 F的配置同樣
首先仍是查看路由器 D的接口信息，或者打 sho run看一下都行
也可用 show ip proto看看配置的路由協議。
而後配置 ospf協議
Router_D(config)#router ospf 7
Router_D(config-router)#network 170.170.4.0 0.0.0 .255 area 0
Router_D(config-router)#end
這樣就把 e1端口廣播到主幹域，想一想下一步應該還配置什麼呢？
沒有了，^_^ 那咱們檢查一下鄰居關係看看
在路由器 F上啓用 debug 看看鄰居狀態
Router_F#debug ip ospf adj
OSPF adjacency events debugging is on
Router_F#
 
而後看看 show logging
OSPF: Rcv hello from 170.170.8.4 area 0 from Ethernet1 170.170.4.4
OSPF: End of hello processing
OSPF: Rcv DBD from 170.170.8.4 on Ethernet1 seq 0x1036 opt 0x2 flag 0x7 len 32
state INIT
OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 170.170.8.4 on Ethernet1, state 2WAY
OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface Ethernet1
OSPF: DR/BDR election on Ethernet1
OSPF: Elect BDR 170.170.8.4
OSPF: Elect DR 170.170.11.6
 
DR: 170.170.11.6 (Id) BDR: 170.170.8.4 (Id)
OSPF: Send DBD to 170.170.8.4 on Ethernet1 seq 0x2346 opt 0x2 flag 0x7 Len 32
OSPF: First DBD and we are not SLAVE
 
OSPF: Rcv DBD from 170.170.8.4 on Ethernet1 seq 0x2346 opt 0x2 flag 0x2 Len 132
state EXSTART
OSPF: NBR Negotiation Done. We are the MASTER
 
OSPF: Send DBD to 170.170.8.4 on Ethernet1 seq 0x2347 opt 0x2 flag 0x3 Len 112
OSPF: Database request to 170.170.8.4
OSPF: sent LS REQ packet to 170.170.4.4, length 24
OSPF: Rcv DBD from 170.170.8.4 on Ethernet1 seq 0x2347 opt 0x2 flag 0x0 Len 32
state EXCHANGE
OSPF: Send DBD to 170.170.8.4 on Ethernet1 seq 0x2348 opt 0x2 flag 0x1 Len 32
OSPF: Rcv DBD from 170.170.8.4 on Ethernet1 seq 0x2348 opt 0x2 flag 0x0 Len 32
state EXCHANGE
OSPF: Exchange Done with 170.170.8.4 on Ethernet1
OSPF: Build router LSA for area 0, router ID 170.170.11.6
OSPF: Build network LSA for Ethernet1, router ID 170.170.11.6
OSPF: No full nbrs to build Net Lsa
OSPF: Flush network LSA on Ethernet1 for area 0
OSPF: Synchronized with 170.170.8.4 on Ethernet1, state FULL
 
若是你有耐性看的話那麼你將會看到 ospf創建鄰接的各個狀態的順序
在用 show ip ospf nei看看鄰居的狀態
Router_F#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID
Interface
Pri State Dead Time Address 170.170.8.4
Ethernet1
1 FULL/BDR 00:00:37 170.170.4.4
Router_F#
Router_D#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address
Interface
170.170.11.6 1 FULL/DR 00:00:32 170.170.4.6
Ethernet1
Router_D#
能夠看到路由器 F是 DR，路由器 D是 BDR，而且都是 Full狀態，鄰居已經造成
本次試驗完成。
 
Lab 3: 配置點對點鏈路
配置思路：
路由器 D和路由器 F已經配置完了，那麼接下來配置 Area 1 了，你們記得路由器 F的 s2
是配置的幀中繼字接口吧。點對點字接口配置很簡單，不用什麼特別配置。在路由器 F上已經將 s2.7和 s2.8配置到 area 1了，下面就在路由器 G和 H上配置 ospf協議了
Router_G(config)#router ospf 7
Router_G(config-router)#network 170.170.11.0 0.0.0 .255 area 1
Router_G(config-router)#network 170.170.5.0 0.0.0 .255 area 1
Router_G(config-router)#end
Router_G#
Router_H(config)#router ospf 7
Router_H(config-router)#network 170.170.10.0 0.0.0 .255 area 1
Router_H(config-router)#network 170.170.14.0 0.0.0 .255 area 1
Router_H(config-router)#end
Router_H#
 
接下來咱們來檢查一下鄰接狀態，在路由器 G上打 sho ip ospf neig
Router_G#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
170.170.11.6 1 FULL/ - 00:00:30 170.170.11.6 Serial0.6
Router_G#
之因此沒有 DR和 BDR是由於在點對點上是沒有 dr的，路由器 H和路由器 G同樣也和
F創建了鄰接。
 
路由器 F和 D，H創建了鄰接，也從他們那裏學到了路由： 170.170.5.0/24 170.170.14.0/24. 那麼到這兩條路徑的度量值是多少呢，能夠在 F上打 sho ip ospf int s2.7
Router_F#show ip ospf interface serial 2.7
Serial2.7 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 170.170.11.6/24, Area 1
Process ID 7, Router ID 170.170.11.6, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT,
Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit
5
Hello due in 00:00:03
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 170.170.11.7
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Router_F#
 
這個端口的成本是 64，那麼加上 e0的成本是 10（ 10M 的成本是 10， 100M 的是 1），就是 74，在路由表中檢查一下。
Router_F#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B
- BGP
D -EIGRP, EX -EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA -OSPF inter area
N1 -OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -OSPF external type 1, E2 -OSPF external type 2, E -EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate
default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
170.170.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets
C 170.170.4.0 is directly connected, Ethernet1
O 170.170.5.0 [110/74] via 170.170.11.7, 00:26:49, Serial2.7
C 170.170.10.0 is directly connected, Serial2.8
C 170.170.11.0 is directly connected, Serial2.7
O 170.170.14.0 [110/74] via 170.170.10.8, 00:26:49, Serial2.8
Router_F#
果真是 74
本次試驗完成。
 
Lab 4：配置 OSPF over NBMA 網絡類型
 
 
試驗目的：
在路由器 E和 F上配置 ep接口創建鄰接
配置 NBMA成廣播類型
配置 NBMA成點對多點
配置思路：
如今多了個路由器 E，配置 e0和路由器 F鄰接很簡單，關鍵是 s1端口的幀中繼設置，下面來看看如何配置。
先配置路由器 E和 F創建鄰接。
配置很簡單：
Router_E(config)#router ospf 7
Router_E(config-router)#network 170.170.6.0 0.0.0 .255 area 0
Router_E(config-router)#end
Router_E#
 
配置 NBMA爲廣播模式
早先 IOS 10.0之前，須要用 neighbor命令手工指定鄰居，如今的 IOS用 ip ospf
network來改變 ospf的接口類型，ip ospf network broadcast 命令可將接口
改成廣播模式，這樣在路由器 E、G、H之間的接口就改成廣播接口
上面是路由器 E的 s1配置，有到路由器 G 170.170.9.7 和路由器 H的 map
上面是路由器 G的 s0.5配置，有到路由器 E的 map
上面是路由器 H的 s0.5配置，有到路由器 E的 map
 
由於這個網絡不是全連通的網絡，那個要成爲 DR呢？想想，應該是 E，由於它鏈接着 G和 H，須要在 G和 H上改爲不進行選舉的模式，用下面這條命令。
 
Router_G(config-subif)#ip ospf priority 0
Router_G(config-subif)#
 
配置 G和 H的 ospf
Router_H(config-subif)#router ospf 7
Router_H(config-router)#network 170.170.9.0 0.0.0 .255 area 1
 
Router_H(config-router)#network 170.170.14.0 0.0.0 .255 area 1
Router_H(config-router)#end
Router_H#
一樣配置 G，而後在接口上配置 ip ospf network broadcast
 
咱們在路由器 G上檢查一下鄰居狀態
Router_G#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
170.170.9.5 1 FULL/DR 00:00:35 170.170.9.5 Serial0.5
170.170.11.6 1 FULL/ - 00:00:35 170.170.11.6 Serial0.6
Router_G#
可看到 170.170.9.5 爲 DR，也就是路由器 E，由於 G和 H不參與競爭
 
咱們看看這樣致使什麼問題，咱們在路由器 G上 ping H的 e0口 170.170.14.8
從路由器 H ping G的 e0口 170.170.5.7
Router_G#ping 170.170.14.8
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 170.170.14.8, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
Router_G#
爲何會失敗呢？
咱們看看路由表
Router_G#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B
- BGP
D -EIGRP, EX -EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA -OSPF inter area
N1 -OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -OSPF external type 1, E2 -OSPF external type 2, E -EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate
default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
170.170.0.0/24 is subnetted, 7 subnets
O IA 170.170.4.0 [110/74] via 170.170.11.6, 23:02:07, Serial0.6
C 170.170.5.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
O IA 170.170.6.0 [110/74] via 170.170.11.6, 23:02:07, Serial0.6
[110/74] via 170.170.9.5, 23:02:07, Serial0.5
C 170.170.9.0 is directly connected, Serial0.5
O 170.170.10.0 [110/128] via 170.170.11.6, 23:02:07, Serial0.6
[110/128] via 170.170.9.8, 23:02:07, Serial0.5
C 170.170.11.0 is directly connected, Serial0.6
O 170.170.14.0 [110/74] via 170.170.9.8, 23:02:07, Serial0.5
Router_G#
有到 14.0的路由，爲何不通呢，看一下後面的就口 170.170.9.8，是從這裏傳過來的
由於配置成 broadcast模式，鏈路被看做成一條多路訪問鏈路，如以太網；因此路由器
G認爲路由器 H和本身連在一塊兒，共同在同一網段，和以太網同樣，因此用
H做爲下一跳地址。爲何用 H作下一跳失敗呢，由於 G和 H沒有 PVC鏈接，G沒有
2個 Layer 2－to－Layer 3地址映射，路由器 H的 ip地址不能映射到幀中繼頭中，在以太網中，可用 MAC來映射。在幀中繼中要用 DLCI來映射 IP地址。
 
知道問題所在，咱們來配置一條 pvc映射
Router_G(config)#int s 0.5 mult
Router_G(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 170.170.9.8 112 broadcast
Router_G(config-subif)#end
Router_G#
 
一樣，在路由器 H上，配置一條映射用來到路由器 G的 170.170.5.0/24網絡
Router_H(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 170.170.9.7 132 broadcast
如今 ping一下
 
Router_G#ping 170.170.14.8
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 170.170.14.8, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 52/52/56 ms
Router_G#
如今通了吧，^_^
以上的問題看看點對多點是如何解決的
在路由器 G上將映射到 H上那個 pvc去掉
Router_G(config)#int s 0.5 mult
Router_G(config-subif)#no frame-relay map ip 170.170.9.8 112 broadcast
Router_G(config-subif)#end
Router_G#
一樣去掉 H的 pvc 按配置 broadcast的方法配置成 point-to-multipoint
Router_E(config)#interface serial 1
Router_E(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
Router_E(config-if)#end
Router_E#
 
在 G和 H上配置
interface serial 0.5
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
在路由器 G上 ping H 的 e0口
Router_G#ping 170.170.14.8
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 170.170.14.8, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/28/40 ms
Router_G#
 
 
如今通了，沒有配置 pvc映射，怎麼和剛纔 broadcast類型不一樣呢？
 
看看路由表
Router_G#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B
- BGP
D -EIGRP, EX -EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA -OSPF inter area
N1 -OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -OSPF external type 1, E2 -OSPF external type 2, E -EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate
default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
170.170.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks
O 170.170.9.8/32 [110/128] via 170.170.11.6, 01:02:11, Serial0.6
[110/128] via 170.170.9.5, 01:02:11, Serial0.5
O IA 170.170.4.0/24 [110/74] via 170.170.11.6, 01:02:11, Serial0.6
C 170.170.5.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
O IA 170.170.6.0/24 [110/74] via 170.170.11.6, 01:02:11, Serial0.6
[110/74] via 170.170.9.5, 01:02:11, Serial0.5
C 170.170.9.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0.5
O 170.170.10.0/24 [110/128] via 170.170.11.6, 01:02:11, Serial0.6
C 170.170.11.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0.6
O 170.170.9.5/32 [110/64] via 170.170.9.5, 01:02:12, Serial0.5
O 170.170.14.0/24 [110/138] via 170.170.11.6, 01:02:12, Serial0.6
[110/138] via 170.170.9.5, 01:02:12, Serial0.5
點對多點會產生鄰居間的主機路由，不用創建 pvc的映射關係，而且 170.170.14.0/24的下一跳改爲 9.5了也就是路由器 E。
本次試驗完畢。
Lab 5：配置 Stub、Totally Stub、NSSA
試驗目的：
依次配置 3個區域總結各個類型的特色
試驗思路：
路由器 C在 area 2 和路由器 E鄰接，E是 ABR，將 C配置成 3個區域類型，觀察路由表的變化。
配置：
首先配置 E和 C的 ospf
Router_E:
router ospf 7
network 170.170.2.0 0.0.0 .255 area 2
 
Router_C:
router ospf 7
network 170.170.2.0 0.0.0 .255 area 2
這個試驗路由器 D的 170.170.5.0/24沒有參與 ospf，咱們能夠重分佈到 ospf中，用命令
Router_D(config)#router ospf 7
Router_D(config-router)#redistribute connected subnets
Router_D(config-router)#end
Router_D#
這樣路由器 D就成了 ASBR
看看路由器 C的路由表
Router_C#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S -static, I -IGRP, R -RIP, M -mobile, B -BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate
default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
170.170.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 12 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 170.170.9.8/32 [110/128] via 170.170.2.5, 02:24:07, Serial0
C 170.170.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
O E2 170.170.3.0/24 [110/20] via 170.170.2.5, 02:24:07, Serial0
O IA 170.170.4.0/24 [110/84] via 170.170.2.5, 02:24:07, Serial0
O IA 170.170.5.0/24 [110/138] via 170.170.2.5, 02:24:07, Serial0
O IA 170.170.6.0/24 [110/74] via 170.170.2.5, 02:24:07, Serial0
O IA 170.170.10.0/24 [110/192] via 170.170.2.5, 02:24:07, Serial0
O IA 170.170.11.0/24 [110/192] via 170.170.2.5, 02:24:07, Serial0
O IA 170.170.9.5/32 [110/64] via 170.170.2.5, 02:24:08, Serial0
O IA 170.170.14.0/24 [110/138] via 170.170.2.5, 02:24:08, Serial0
O IA 170.170.9.7/32 [110/128] via 170.170.2.5, 02:24:08, Serial0
C 170.170.15.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
Router_C#
E2是路由器 D發進來的外部路由
下面配置路由器 C爲 Stub域：
Router_C(config)#router ospf 7
Router_C(config-router)#area 2 stub
Router_C(config-router)#end
Router_E(config)#router ospf 7
Router_E(config-router)#area 2 stub
Router_E(config-router)#end
再看看路由器 C的路由表：
Router_C#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B
- BGP
D -EIGRP, EX -EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA -OSPF inter area
N1 -OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -OSPF external type 1, E2 -OSPF external type 2, E -EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate
default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is 170.170.2.5 to network 0.0.0 .0
170.170.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 11 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 170.170.9.8/32 [110/128] via 170.170.2.5, 00:24:28, Serial0
C 170.170.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
O IA 170.170.4.0/24 [110/84] via 170.170.2.5, 00:24:28, Serial0
O IA 170.170.5.0/24 [110/138] via 170.170.2.5, 00:24:28, Serial0
O IA 170.170.6.0/24 [110/74] via 170.170.2.5, 00:24:28, Serial0
O IA 170.170.10.0/24 [110/192] via 170.170.2.5, 00:24:28, Serial0
O IA 170.170.11.0/24 [110/192] via 170.170.2.5, 00:24:28, Serial0
O IA 170.170.9.5/32 [110/64] via 170.170.2.5, 00:24:28, Serial0
O IA 170.170.14.0/24 [110/138] via 170.170.2.5, 00:24:29, Serial0
O IA 170.170.9.7/32 [110/128] via 170.170.2.5, 00:24:29, Serial0
C 170.170.15.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
O*I A 0.0.0 .0/0 [110/65] via 170.170.2.5, 00:24:29, Serial0
剛纔的 E2路由沒了，又多了條默認路由，這是 stub的特色，不接收 type5 lsa，abr產生一
條默認路由發給內部路由器。
用下面的命令檢查路由器 C的類型：
Router_E#show ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 7" with ID 170.170.9.5
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
It is an area border router
SummaryLink updateintervalis00:30:00andthe updateduein 00:17:25
SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs
Number of DCbitless external LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge external LSA 0
...(some output omitted)...
 Area 2
Number of interfaces in this area is 1
It is a stub area
generates stub default route with cost 1
在將路由器 C配置成 Tollaly Stub區域：
在 C和 E上配置
configure terminal
router ospf 7
area 2 stub no-summary
在檢查 C的路由表：
Router_C#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B
- BGP
D -EIGRP, EX -EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA -OSPF inter area
N1 -OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -OSPF external type 1, E2 -OSPF external type 2, E -EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate
default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is 170.170.2.5 to network 0.0.0 .0
170.170.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 170.170.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0
C 170.170.15.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
O*I A 0.0.0 .0/0 [110/65] via 170.170.2.5, 00:04:29, Serial0
Router_C#
如今只有一條默認路由了，Tollaly Stub類型只接收默認路由和域內路由。
Router_C#show ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 7" with ID 170.170.15.3
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs
Number of DCbitless external LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge external LSA 0
Number of areas in this router is 1. 0 normal 1 stub 0 nssa
Area 2
Number of interfaces in this area is 1
It is a stub area, no summary LSA in this area
 
將路由器配成 NSSA區域：在路由器 C和 E上配置
configure terminal
router ospf 7
no area 2 stub no-summary
 
咱們剛纔配置路由器 C的時候沒有把 170.170.15.0/24加入 ospf，如今用
configure terminal
router ospf 7
redistribute connected subnets
end
將路由器 C配置成 ASBR，這樣就可將 15.0/24網段之外部路由形式發往
E 而後在配置成 NSSA模式
configure terminal
router ospf 7
no area 2 stub
area 2 nssa
查看 C的路由表：
Router_C#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B
- BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate default
U -per-user static route, o -ODR Gateway of last resort is not set
170.170.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 11 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 170.170.9.8/32 [110/128] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:26, Serial0
C 170.170.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
O IA 170.170.4.0/24 [110/84] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:26, Serial0
O IA 170.170.5.0/24 [110/138] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:26, Serial0
O IA 170.170.6.0/24 [110/74] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:26, Serial0
O IA 170.170.10.0/24 [110/192] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:26, Serial0
O IA 170.170.11.0/24 [110/192] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:26, Serial0
O IA 170.170.9.5/32 [110/64] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:26, Serial0
O IA 170.170.14.0/24 [110/138] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:27, Serial0
O IA 170.170.9.7/32 [110/128] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:27, Serial0
C 170.170.15.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
Router_C#
看看有什麼變化？NSSA接收 type 3 LSA，看不到那個外部路由，覺得是 15.0是直連的，
NSSA也沒有缺省路由，由於 NSSA類型 ABR是不產生缺省路由的。
看看路由器 E的路由表：
Router_E#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B
- BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
170.170.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 12 subnets, 2 masks
O 170.170.9.8/32 [110/64] via 170.170.9.8, 00:06:27, Serial1
C 170.170.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
O E2 170.170.3.0/24 [110/20] via 170.170.6.6, 00:06:07, Ethernet0
O 170.170.4.0/24 [110/20] via 170.170.6.6, 00:06:27, Ethernet0
O 170.170.5.0/24 [110/74] via 170.170.9.7, 00:06:27, Serial1
C 170.170.6.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 170.170.9.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
O 170.170.10.0/24 [110/128] via 170.170.9.8, 00:06:27, Serial1
O 170.170.11.0/24 [110/128] via 170.170.9.7, 00:06:27, Serial1
O 170.170.14.0/24 [110/74] via 170.170.9.8, 00:06:28, Serial1
O 170.170.9.7/32 [110/64] via 170.170.9.7, 00:06:28, Serial1
O N2 170.170.15.0/24 [110/20] via 170.170.2.3, 00:06:08, Serial0
Router_E#
N2表示 type 7的外部路由類型 7的路由傳播到其餘路由器以前要轉換到 5才行，咱們能夠用下面的命令檢查
Router_E#show ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 7" with ID 170.170.9.5
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
It is an area border and autonomous system boundary router
SummaryLink updateintervalis00:30:00andthe updateduein 00:25:26
External Link update interval is 00:30:00 and the update due in
00:25:27
Redistributing External Routes from,
SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs
...(some output omitted)...
Area 2
Number of interfaces in this area is 1
It is a NSSA area
Perform type-7/type-5 LSA translation
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm executed 9 times
Area ranges are
Link State Update Interval is 00:30:00 and due in 00:25:25
Link State Age Interval is 00:20:00 and due in 00:15:25
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
那如何讓 NSSA產生默認路由呢，在 E上用下面的命令：
configure terminal
router ospf 7
area 2 nssa default-information-originate
在查看路由器 C的表
Router_C#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B
- BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is
170.170.2.5...
170.170.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 11 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 170.170.9.8/32 [110/128] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:40, Serial0
C 170.170.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
O IA 170.170.4.0/24 [110/84] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:40, Serial0
O IA 170.170.5.0/24 [110/138] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:40, Serial0
O IA 170.170.6.0/24 [110/74] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:40, Serial0
O IA 170.170.10.0/24 [110/192] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:40, Serial0
O IA 170.170.11.0/24 [110/192] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:40, Serial0
O IA 170.170.9.5/32 [110/64] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:40, Serial0
O IA 170.170.14.0/24 [110/138] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:40, Serial0
O IA 170.170.9.7/32 [110/128] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:40, Serial0
C 170.170.15.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
O*N2 0.0.0 .0/0 [110/1] via 170.170.2.5, 00:00:40, Serial0
Router_C#
有缺省路由了在路由器 E上檢查缺省路由狀況：
Router_E#show ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 7" with ID 170.170.9.5
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
It is an area border and autonomous system boundary router
Summary Link update interval is 00:30:00 and the update due in 00:20:13
ExternalLinkupdateintervalis00:30:00andtheupdateduein00:01:05
Redistributing External Routes from,
..(some output omitted)...
Area 2
Number of interfaces in this area is 1
It is a NSSA area
Perform type-7/type-5 LSA translation
generates NSSA default route with cost 1
NSSA是接收 type 3和外部路由的，能不能不接收呢？
用下面的命令配置
configure terminal
router ospf 7
area 2 nssa no-summary
在查看 C路由表：
Router_C#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B
- BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is 170.170.2.5 to network 0.0.0 .0
170.170.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 170.170.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0
C 170.170.15.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
O*I A 0.0.0 .0/0 [110/65] via 170.170.2.5, 00:01:37, Serial0
Router_C#
整個世界清淨了！
Lab 6：瞭解 OSPF Database這應該算是個重點了！
試驗目的：
這個試驗咱們要學習 OSPF的 Database，知道如何顯示各類 LSA，以及如何檢查。
試驗思路：
其實就要記住幾個顯示的命令，就能夠了，主要就是學會怎麼看輸出結果。
上面的拓撲，有主幹域，非主幹域， ASBR，ABR，應該各類
LSA都有，下面來看看怎麼
查看。
先要記住，在同一個區域內的路由器的鏈路數據庫都是徹底同樣的。
查看的命令很簡單
show ip ospf database
學會查看鏈路數據庫對排錯頗有幫助在路由器 E上輸入上面的命令
Router_E#show ip ospf database
...(output omitted)...
Router Link States (Area 0) 主幹域全部路由器產生的
LSA，LSID是路由器 ID
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
170.170.8.4 170.170.8.4 85 0x800001B0 0x8374 1
170.170.9.5 170.170.9.5 456 0x 800001F 1 0x1698 1
170.170.11.6 170.170.11.6 468 0x800001EB 0xAC29 2
...(output omitted)...
Router Link States (Area 1)區域 1的
LSA type 1
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
170.170.9.5 170.170.9.5 459 0x 800001F 9 0xAF28 3
170.170.11.6 170.170.11.6 816 0x800001E3 0x8B 6A 4
170.170.11.7 170.170.11.7 472 0x 800002A 7 0xB449 5
170.170.14.8 170.170.14.8 468 0x 800002A 7 0x8467 5
...(output omitted)...
Router Link States (Area 2) 區域 2的 LSA，type 1
 Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
170.170.9.5 170.170.9.5 1785 0x 800001F 4 0xFBF 2
170.170.15.3 170.170.15.3 719 0x 800001F 5 0x 7F 4D 2
...(output omitted)...
由於路由器 E是 ABR，既有主幹域 0，又有 1，2，全部有 3個
type 1的數據庫咱們看看 170.170.11.6路由器 F產生的 LSA有什麼內容
Router_E#show ip ospf database router 170.170.11.6
OSPF Router with ID (170.170.9.5) (Process ID 7)
..(output omitted)...
Router Link States (Area 1)路由器 F有 area 1的接口，全部產生 lsa
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 1438
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 170.170.11.6 Advertising Router: 170.170.11.6和 LSID同樣，這類 lsa就是這樣
LS Seq Number: 8000020D Checksum: 0x3695 Length: 72
Area Border Router路由器 F爲 ABR
Number of Links: 4
 
Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)鏈接一個點對點鏈路
(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 170.170.11.7鄰居路由器的路由 ID
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 170.170.11.6
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
Link connected to: a Stub Network在描述一下接口路由
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 170.170.11.0
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point) 另外一條點對點
(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 170.170.14.8
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 170.170.10.6
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
Link connected to: a Stub Network接口路由
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 170.170.10.0
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
路由器 F是點對點類型，下面咱們來看看路由器 E的點對點多點類型的 LSA
Router_E#show ip ospf database router 170.170.9.5
...(output omitted)... Router Link States (Area 1)
...(output omitted)...
Link State ID: 170.170.9.5
Advertising Router: 170.170.9.5
Area Border Router
Number of Links: 3
Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 170.170.14.8(Link Data) Router Interface address: 170.170.9.5 路由器接口地址
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
...(output omitted)...
Link connected to: a Stub Network描述網絡路由（Link ID）
Network/subnet number: 170.170.9.5點對多點產生主機路由
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.255
...(rest of output omitted)...
Metrics: 0因爲是到本身接口的因此度量爲 0
下面看看
Type 2 network link states類型數據
Router_E#show ip ospf database
..(output omitted)...
Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
170.170.4.6 170.170.11.6 486 0x800002CF 0xB724
170.170.6.6 170.170.11.6 486 0x 800002A 5 0x 11F 0
...(output omitted)...
上面顯示路由器 E有 2條 type 2的 lsa，爲何呢？
由於 type 2只有 DR才產生，LSID爲 DR的接口地址，由於本試驗只有 2個 Ethernet，因此只有 2個 DR，也就只有 2個 type 2的 lsa。
看看 170.170.6.6有什麼信息
Router_E#show ip ospf database network 170.170.6.6
Net Link States (Area 0)
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 844
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Network Links
Link State ID: 170.170.6.6 (address of Designated Router)
Advertising Router: 170.170.11.6 這個
lsa是路由器 F廣播來的
LS Seq Number: 800002A 5
Checksum: 0x 11F 0
Length: 32
Network Mask: /24網絡掩碼
Attached Router: 170.170.11.6
Attached Router: 170.170.9.5這是鏈接在這個 ethernet上的 2臺路由器 id
下面看看 type 3的 lsa
Router_E#show ip ospf database
...(output omitted)...
Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
170.170.2.0 170.170.9.5 719 0x800002AF 0x 355C
170.170.5.0 170.170.9.5 719 0x 800000F 9 0xE952
170.170.5.0 170.170.11.6 1028 0x800002D9 0x1047
170.170.9.5 170.170.9.5 719 0x800002DC 0xD8BF
170.170.9.5 170.170.11.6 1030 0x 800000F 9 0x9564
170.170.9.7 170.170.9.5 722 0x 800000F 9 0x1328
170.170.9.7 170.170.11.6 1030 0x800002D9 0x391D
170.170.9.8 170.170.9.5 722 0x 800000F 9 0x931
170.170.9.8 170.170.11.6 1030 0x800002D9 0x 2F 26
170.170.10.0 170.170.9.5 722 0x 800000F 9 0xD030
170.170.10.0 170.170.11.6 1030 0x800002D9 0x74E7
170.170.11.0 170.170.9.5 722 0x 800000F 9 0xC 53A
170.170.11.0 170.170.11.6 1031 0x800002D9 0x 69F 1
170.170.14.0 170.170.9.5 722 0x 800000F 9 0x 86AC
170.170.14.0 170.170.11.6 1031 0x800002D9 0xACA1
...(output omitted)...
Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
170.170.2.0 170.170.9.5 723 0x800002AE 0x375B
170.170.2.0 170.170.11.6 1032 0x 800000F 9 0xF645
170.170.4.0 170.170.9.5 723 0x 800000F 9 0xD 69C
170.170.4.0 170.170.11.6 1032 0x800002DB 0x9402
170.170.6.0 170.170.9.5 723 0x800002E6 0x 7C 10
170.170.6.0 170.170.11.6 1033 0x800002AD 0xDAE7
...(output omitted)...
 
 
Summary Net Link States (Area 2)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
0.0.0 .0 170.170.9.5 724 0x80000275 0x1054
170.170.4.0 170.170.9.5 725 0x 800000F 9 0xF480
170.170.5.0 170.170.9.5 725 0x 800000F 9 0x836
170.170.6.0 170.170.9.5 725 0x 8000012F 0xD 3A
170.170.9.5 170.170.9.5 725 0x8000012D 0x 59F 1
170.170.9.7 170.170.9.5 725 0x 800000F 9 0x 310C
170.170.9.8 170.170.9.5 725 0x 800000F 9 0x2715
170.170.10.0 170.170.9.5 725 0x 800000F 9 0xEE14
170.170.11.0 170.170.9.5 726 0x 800000F 9 0xE31E
170.170.14.0 170.170.9.5 726 0x 800000F 9 0xA490
...(output omitted)...
咱們挑一個網段路由看看
Router_E#show ip ospf database summary 170.170.5.0
OSPF Router with ID (170.170.9.5) (Process ID 7)
Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
LS age: 1475
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
Link State ID: 170.170.5.0 (summary Network Number)
Advertising Router: 170.170.9.5
這條意思是表示 170.170.95路由器把 5。0/24廣播進主幹
...(output omitted)...
Link State ID: 170.170.5.0 (summary Network Number)
Advertising Router: 170.170.11.6 這條意思是 11。6也把 5。0廣播進主幹
..(output omitted)...
Summary Net Link States (Area 2)
LS age: 1477
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
Link State ID: 170.170.5.0 (summary Network Number)
Advertising Router: 170.170.9.5 這條意思是 9。5（路由器 E）把 5。0廣播進
area 2
下面看看 ASBR type 4類型的 LSA，這個試驗路由器 D是 ASBR。
什麼是 type 4類型的 lsa呢，就是 abr用來通告到達 ASBR的路由。
Router_E#show ip ospf database
...(output omitted)...
Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)
Link ID
170.170.8.4
ADV Router
170.170.9.5
Age
603
Seq# Checksum
0x8000011D 0x2B1B
170.170.8.4 170.170.11.6 909 0x800002CD 0x4E4D
...(output omitted)...
爲何有 2條到 8.4的路由呢？
由於路由器 E和 F都是 ABR，都要產生到達路由器 D的路由而後向個子的 ared 1
廣播，全部有 2條。
 LSID是 ASBR的路由器 ID。
Router_E#show ip ospf database ASBR-summary 170.170.8.4
OSPF Router with ID (170.170.9.5) (Process ID 7)
Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)
LS age: 1508
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Summary Links(AS Boundary Router)
In the output, look at the lines that say,
Link State ID: 170.170.8.4 (AS Boundary Router address)
Advertising Router: 170.170.9.5
LS Seq Number: 80000120
Checksum: 0x251E
Length: 28
Network Mask: /0
TOS: 0 Metric: 20
Adv Router is not-reachable
LS age: 12
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Summary Links(AS Boundary Router)
Link State ID: 170.170.8.4 (AS Boundary Router address)
Advertising Router: 170.170.11.6
...(rest of output omitted)...
最後在看看外部鏈路類型，external link 本試驗路由器 D的 170.170.3.0/24 沒有廣播進 ospf，使用 redistributing connected重分佈進 ospf，全部是外部路由，咱們檢查一下。
Router_E#show ip ospf database
 
...(output omitted)...
Type-5 AS External Link States
 
Link ID             ADV Router       Age          Seq# Checksum     Tag
170.170.3.0          170.170.8.4        1973          0x 8000028A    0x5DFD 0
170.170.4.0           170.170.8.4       1973         0x 8000028A    0x5208 0
...(output omitted)...
看到廣播路由器的 ID是 8.4是 D，網段是 3.0和 4.0正好是 D的直連網段。
Router_E#show ip ospf database external 170.170.3.0
OSPF Router with ID (170.170.9.5) (Process ID 7)
Type-5 AS External Link States
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 717
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 170.170.3.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 170.170.8.4
LS Seq Number: 8000028B
Checksum: 0x5BFE
Length: 36
Network Mask: /24
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
TOS: 0
Metric: 20
Forward Address: 0.0.0 .0 type 5路由的轉發地址不改變，仍然是廣播此路由的路由的地址，全部要有 type 4類型配合才能發佈進邊緣域。
External Route Tag: 0
本次試驗完畢，怎麼樣，這一節夠無聊吧，不過我倒以爲挺有意思，要有樂觀的生活態度，
呵呵繼續。
Lab 7：配置虛鏈路
試驗目的：
這個試驗很簡單，就是配置虛鏈路並校驗狀態。
試驗思路：
area 51 和主幹不直連，要配置一條虛鏈路經過 C連到主幹域。
配置過程：
你想到要從那個路由配置虛鏈路了嗎？應該從路由器 C上和 E上配置，路由器 C的 s1端口屬於 area 51，s0端口屬於 area 0
咱們先查一下路由器 B的路由表
Router_B#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B
- BGP
D -EIGRP, EX -EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA -OSPF inter area
N1 -OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -OSPF external type 1, E2 -OSPF external type 2, E -EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate
default
U-per-user static route, o -ODR, P -periodicdownloaded static
route
T - traffic engineered route 
Gateway of last resort is not set
170.170.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C 170.170.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0
O 170.170.13.0 [110/128] via 170.170.1.1, Serial0
C 170.170.17.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
Router_B#
由於路由器 B沒有和主幹相連，因此主幹發過來的路由收不到，只有域內路由。再看看 database
Router_B#show ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (170.170.17.2) (Process ID 7)
Router Link States (Area 51)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
170.170.13.1 170.170.13.1 88 0x80000004 0x8E 6A 4
170.170.15.3 170.170.15.3 248 0x80000006 0xB7ED 2
170.170.17.2 170.170.17.2 70 0x80000099 0xD454 2
Type-5 AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag
170.170.3.0 170.170.8.4 625 0x80000097 0x4907 0
170.170.4.0 170.170.8.4 625 0x80000097 0x3E11 0
Router_B#
路由器 B有 2條外部路由，可爲何沒有加入到路由表中呢，由於沒有一條 type4的路由，也就是說沒有到達 ASBR的路由。
配置 C到 E的虛鏈路
Router_C(config)#router ospf 7
Router_C(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 170.170.9.5
Router_C(config-router)#end
Router_C#
Router_E#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router_E(config)#router ospf 7
Router_E(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 170.170.15.3
Router_E(config-router)#end
Router_E#
在查查路由器 B的路由表
Router_B#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B
- BGP
D -EIGRP, EX -EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA -OSPF inter area
N1 -OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -OSPF external type 1, E2 -OSPF external type 2, E -EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate
default
U-per-user static route, o -ODR, P -periodicdownloaded static
route
T - traffic engineered route
Gateway of last resort is not set
170.170.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 14 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 170.170.9.8/32 [110/256] via 170.170.1.1, Serial0
C 170.170.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
O IA 170.170.2.0/24 [110/192] via 170.170.1.1, Serial0
O E2 170.170.3.0/24 [110/20] via 170.170.1.1, Serial0
O IA 170.170.4.0/24 [110/212] via 170.170.1.1, Serial0
O IA 170.170.5.0/24 [110/266] via 170.170.1.1, Serial0
O IA 170.170.6.0/24 [110/202] via 170.170.1.1, Serial0
O IA 170.170.10.0/24 [110/266] via 170.170.1.1, Serial0
...(rest of output omitted)...
Router_C#show ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (170.170.15.3) (Process ID 7)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
170.170.8.4 170.170.8.4 232 (DNA) 0x80000246 0x 550C 1
170.170.9.5 170.170.9.5 6 (DNA) 0x 8000028F 0x255 2
170.170.11.6 170.170.11.6 1597 (DNA) 0x80000289 0x6EC8 2
170.170.15.3 170.170.15.3 376 0x80000003 0x5909 1
Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
170.170.4.6 170.170.11.6 1597 (DNA) 0x80000288 0x46DC
170.170.6.6 170.170.11.6 1597 (DNA) 0x80000288 0x4BD3
Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
170.170.1.0 170.170.15.3 385 0x80000001 0x 8F 6
170.170.2.0 170.170.9.5 1665 (DNA) 0x80000288 0x8335
170.170.2.0 170.170.15.3 385 0x80000001 0x 7AC 3
DNA是 do not age的意思，虛鏈路和 demand circuit這樣表示。
在路由器 C上檢查本身生成的 type 1 database狀態。
Router_C# show ip ospf data router 170.170.15.3
OSPF Router with ID (170.170.15.3) (Process ID 7)
Router Link States (Area 0)
LS age: 1141
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 170.170.15.3
Advertising Router: 170.170.15.3
LS Seq Number: 800001E1
Checksum: 0x98E9
Length: 36
Area Border Router
Number of Links: 1
Link connected to: a Virtual Link
(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 170.170.9.5
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 170.170.2.3
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
...(rest of output omitted)
本次試驗完畢
Lab 8：重分佈 Rip 進 OSPF
試驗目的：
導入 Rip路由到 ospf域
試驗思路：
路由器 C是一臺 ASBR，運行 ospf和 rip，s1和 e0端口運行 rip，s0端口在
area 2運行 ospf 路由器 C能學到 A的 150.150.0.0/16路由，以便用外部路由形式發OSPF。
配置過程：
先看看路由器 c的路由表
Router_C#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B
- BGP
D -EIGRP, EX -EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA -OSPF inter area
N1 -OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -OSPF external type 1, E2 -OSPF external type 2, E -EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate
default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 150.150.0.0/16 [120/1] via 170.170.13.1, 00:00:08, Serial1
170.170.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 12 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 170.170.9.8/32 [110/128] via 170.170.2.5, 00:45:28, Serial0
C 170.170.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0
O IA 170.170.4.0/24 [110/84] via 170.170.2.5, 3d00h, Serial0
O IA 170.170.5.0/24 [110/138] via 170.170.2.5, 3d00h, Serial0
O IA 170.170.6.0/24 [110/74] via 170.170.2.5, 3d00h, Serial0
O IA 170.170.10.0/24 [110/192] via 170.170.2.5, 00:45:23, Serial0
O IA 170.170.11.0/24 [110/192] via 170.170.2.5, 3d00h, Serial0
O IA 170.170.9.5/32 [110/64] via 170.170.2.5, 3d00h, Serial0
C 170.170.13.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1
O IA 170.170.14.0/24 [110/138] via 170.170.2.5, 00:45:28, Serial0
O IA 170.170.9.7/32 [110/128] via 170.170.2.5, 3d00h, Serial0
C 170.170.15.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
Router_C#
 
還記得 rip是有類路由吧，因此掩碼是 16位。
把 rip發進 ospf：
Router_C(config)#router ospf 7
Router_C(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets
Router_C(config-router)#exit
Router_C(config)#
外部路由度量有 external Type 2 or external Type 1. 缺省是 external Type 2.
咱們在路由器 D上檢查一下路由表：
Router_D#show ip route
Codes: C -connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B
- BGP
D -EIGRP, EX -EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA -OSPF inter area
N1 -OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -OSPF external type 1, E2 -OSPF external type 2, E -EGP
i -IS-IS, L1 -IS-IS level-1, L2 -IS-IS level-2, * -candidate
default
U-per-user static route, o -ODR, P -periodicdownloaded static
route
T - traffic engineered route
Gateway of last resort is not set
170.170.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 13 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 170.170.9.8/32 [110/74] via 170.170.4.6, Ethernet1
O IA 170.170.2.0/24 [110/84] via 170.170.4.6, Ethernet1
C 170.170.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 170.170.4.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1
O IA 170.170.5.0/24 [110/84] via 170.170.4.6, Ethernet1
O 170.170.6.0/24 [110/20] via 170.170.4.6, Ethernet1
O IA 170.170.10.0/24 [110/74] via 170.170.4.6, Ethernet1
O IA 170.170.11.0/24 [110/74] via 170.170.4.6, Ethernet1
O IA 170.170.9.5/32 [110/20] via 170.170.4.6, Ethernet1
O E2 170.170.13.0/24 [110/20] via 170.170.4.6, Ethernet1
O IA 170.170.14.0/24 [110/84] via 170.170.4.6, Ethernet1
O IA 170.170.9.7/32 [110/74] via 170.170.4.6, Ethernet1
O E2 170.170.15.0/24 [110/20] via 170.170.4.6, Ethernet1
O E2 150.150.0.0/16 [110/20] via 170.170.4.6, Ethernet1
Router_D#
能夠看到外部路由，類型爲 E2
本次試驗完畢。
所有試驗完畢。
若是你們能耐着性子仔細看完的話，我想這些內容應該對你有所幫助，那些沒有路由器的朋 友，看完這些東西，也應該對那些討厭的 LSA類型再也不抽象。
若是你感受這些文章對你有幫助，那就是我莫大的榮幸！
                                                      謝謝
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