使用keepalived配置支持Linux集羣高可用
Linux集羣概述
- 根據功能劃分爲兩大類：高可用和負載均衡
- 高可用集羣一般爲兩臺服務器，一臺工做，另一臺做爲冗餘，當提供服務的機器宕機，冗餘將接替繼續提供服務
- 實現高可用的開源軟件有：heartbeat、keepalived，推薦使用keepalived
- 負載均衡集羣，須要有一臺服務器做爲分發器，它負責把用戶的請求分發給後端的服務器處理，在這個集羣裏，除了分發器外，就是給用戶提供服務的服務器了，這些服務器數量至少爲2
- 實現負載均衡的開源軟件有LVS、keepalived、haproxy、nginx，商業的有F五、Netscaler
keepalived介紹
- keepalived經過VRRP（Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol,虛擬路由冗餘協議）來實現高可用。
- 在這個協議裏會將多臺功能相同的路由器組成一個小組，這個小組裏會有1個master角色和N（N>=1）個backup角色。
- master會經過組播的形式向各個backup發送VRRP協議的數據包，當backup收不到master發來的VRRP數據包時，就會認爲master宕機了。此時就須要根據各個backup的優先級來決定誰成爲新的mater
- keepalived要有三個模塊，分別是core、check和vrrp。其中core模塊爲keepalived的核心，負責主進程的啓動、維護以及全局配置文件的加載和解析，check模塊負責健康檢查，vrrp模塊是來實現VRRP協議的。
針對Nginx服務進行高可用配置
virtual_ipaddress 綁定的ip, 下面簡寫vipnginx
安裝keepalive
master(test-a:134)與backup(centos0: 129)安裝keepalivedvim
[root@test-a ~]# yum install -y keepalived [root@centos0 ~]# yum install -y keepalived # 使用yum安裝Nginx若是提示找不到對應的安裝包，須要安裝epel源 [root@centos0 ~]# yum install -y nginx 已加載插件：fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.cqu.edu.cn 沒有可用軟件包 nginx。 錯誤：無須任何處理 [root@centos0 ~]# yum install -y nginx # 再安裝
master配置啓動服務後端
# 先關閉防火牆
[root@test-a ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@test-a ~]# setenforce 0
# 編輯配置文件
[root@test-a ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@test-a ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
script "/usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh"
interval 3
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eno16777736
virtual_router_id 1
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass test111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.77.100
}
track_script {
chk_nginx
}
}
[root@test-a ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh # 編寫對應的檢測腳本
[root@test-a ~]# cat /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
#!/bin/bash
#時間變量，用於記錄日誌
d=`date --date today +%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S`
#計算nginx進程數量
n=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
#若是進程爲0，則啓動nginx，而且再次檢測nginx進程數量，
#若是還爲0，說明nginx沒法啓動，此時須要關閉keepalived
echo "$d nginx check begin"
if [ $n -eq "0" ]; then
/etc/init.d/nginx start
n2=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
if [ $n2 -eq "0" ]; then
echo "$d nginx down,keepalived will stop" >> /var/log/check_ng.log
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
echo "$d nginx restart ok" >> /var/log/check_ng.log
fi
[root@test-a ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
[root@test-a ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service
[root@test-a ~]# ps aux|grep keep
root 2841 0.0 0.1 119248 1396 ? Ss 15:13 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepa lived -D
root 2842 0.0 0.3 123448 3136 ? S 15:13 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepa lived -D
root 2843 0.1 0.2 123516 2532 ? S 15:13 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepa lived -D
root 2861 0.0 0.0 112704 972 pts/0 R+ 15:14 0:00 grep --color=au to keep
[root@test-a ~]# ps aux|grep nginx
root 1688 0.0 0.1 46548 1268 ? Ss 15:00 0:00 nginx: master p rocess /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody 1694 0.0 0.3 49036 3900 ? S 15:00 0:00 nginx: worker p rocess
nobody 1695 0.0 0.3 49036 3900 ? S 15:00 0:00 nginx: worker p rocess
root 2911 0.0 0.0 112704 976 pts/0 R+ 15:14 0:00 grep --color=au to nginx
[root@test-a ~]# ip add # 查看綁定的vip地址,ifconfig看不見
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast stat e UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:b9:56:99 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.77.134/24 brd 192.168.77.255 scope global eno16777736
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.77.100/32 scope global eno16777736
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.77.139/24 brd 192.168.77.255 scope global secondary eno16777736 :t
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feb9:5699/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test-a ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx stop # nginx中止後，檢測腳本會從新啓動
Stopping nginx (via systemctl): [ OK ]
[root@test-a ~]# ps aux|grep keep
root 4508 0.0 0.1 119248 1396 ? Ss 15:21 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepa lived -D
root 4509 0.0 0.3 123448 3120 ? S 15:21 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepa lived -D
root 4510 0.0 0.2 123516 2652 ? S 15:21 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepa lived -D
root 5402 0.0 0.0 112704 976 pts/0 R+ 15:25 0:00 grep --color=au to keep
[root@test-a ~]# ps aux|grep nginx
root 5388 0.0 0.1 46548 1264 ? Ss 15:25 0:00 nginx: master p rocess /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody 5392 0.0 0.3 49036 3900 ? S 15:25 0:00 nginx: worker p rocess
nobody 5393 0.0 0.3 49036 3900 ? S 15:25 0:00 nginx: worker p rocess
root 5428 0.0 0.0 112704 976 pts/0 R+ 15:25 0:00 grep --color=au to nginx
[root@test-a ~]#
backup配置啓動服務centos
[root@centos0 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@centos0 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@centos0 ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
[root@centos0 ~]# cat /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
#!/bin/bash
#時間變量，用於記錄日誌
d=`date --date today +%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S`
#計算nginx進程數量
n=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
#若是進程爲0，則啓動nginx，而且再次檢測nginx進程數量，
#若是還爲0，說明nginx沒法啓動，此時須要關閉keepalived
if [ $n -eq "0" ]; then
systemctl start nginx
n2=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
if [ $n2 -eq "0" ]; then
echo "$d nginx down,keepalived will stop" >> /var/log/check_ng.log
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
fi
[root@centos0 ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
[root@centos0 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@centos0 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
script "/usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh"
interval 3
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eno16777736
virtual_router_id 1
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass test111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.77.100
}
track_script {
chk_nginx
}
}
[root@centos0 ~]# ps aux | grep keep
root 4219 0.0 0.0 112656 988 pts/0 R+ 15:46 0:00 grep --color=auto keep
[root@centos0 ~]# ps aux | grep nginx
root 4221 0.0 0.0 112656 988 pts/0 R+ 15:46 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
# 能夠看到，keepalived 和 nginx 都沒啓動起來，這時若是啓動keepalived，nginx也啓動起來，說明配置成功
[root@centos0 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@centos0 ~]# ps aux | grep keep
root 4230 0.0 0.1 119100 1376 ? Ss 15:48 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root 4231 0.0 0.3 123268 3096 ? S 15:48 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root 4232 0.0 0.2 123268 2608 ? S 15:48 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root 4262 0.0 0.0 112656 988 pts/0 R+ 15:48 0:00 grep --color=auto keep
[root@centos0 ~]# ps aux | grep nginx # nginx也啓動起來啦
root 4256 0.0 0.2 125388 2112 ? Ss 15:48 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
nginx 4257 0.0 0.3 125776 3132 ? S 15:48 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 4282 0.0 0.0 112656 992 pts/0 R+ 15:48 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
瀏覽器訪問測試瀏覽器
訪問master:
bash
訪問backup:
服務器
訪問綁定的vip:
負載均衡
停掉master上的keepalived，再進行訪問測試，發現已經切到backup了oop
[root@test-a ~]# systemctl stop keepalived.service
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