本書第六章以一個實例介紹了Play Framework中Form的使用,如何綁定數據,如何進行驗證javascript
1、項目結構和actionhtml
2、Play中表單的使用java
1. 在Controller中使用Form——處理提交和驗證ajax
在play.data包中包含了處理HTTP表單數據提交和驗證(HTTP form data submission and validation)的一些
helpers,通常步驟是先定義一個play.data.Form
幷包裹進其所用模型類class,以下所示:
bootstrap
Form<User> userForm =Form.form(User.class);
//引入包
import play.data.*;
import static play.data.Form.*;
//Model—— User Object public class User { public String email; public String password; } //controller—— userForm Form<User> userForm = Form.form(User.class); //1. 定義幷包裹模型User類 //This form can generate a User result value from HashMap<String,String> data Map<String,String> anyData = new HashMap(); //2. 寫入數據到HashMap--mocking data anyData.put("email", "bob@gmail.com"); anyData.put("password", "secret"); User user = userForm.bind(anyData).get(); //3. 寫入數據到表單並綁定給User對象(保存數據) //If have a request available in the scope, bind directly from the request content User user = userForm.bindFromRequest().get();
1.1 在表單中顯示預設好的數據——Displaying a form with preset values瀏覽器
public class Products extends Controller { private static final Form<Product> productForm = Form.form(Product.class); ... public static Result details(String ean) { final Product product = Product.findByEan(ean); if (product == null) { return notFound(String.format("Product %s does not exist.", ean)); //處理錯誤 } Form<Product> filledForm = productForm.fill(product); //填寫product實例中的數據到頁面表單productForm中 return ok(details.render(filledForm)); //返回(跳轉)渲染頁面 } ... }
route是mvc
GET /products/:ean controllers.Products.details(ean: String)ide
1.2 處理表單的輸入ui
① 建立boundForm對象,用於接受從HTTP傳入的數據信息,HTTP --> boundForm
②boundForm
將接受的表單數據傳給Product的實例,
--> product
boundForm
③ 調用produce.save()添加表單數據到Product的實例boundForm--> product
boundForm
boundForm
boundForm
1.3 JavaForm(Controller)小結
this
① 定義表單類用於接收和發送數據 -->Form<Product> productForm = Form.form(Product.class);
② 把模型中數據寫入表單
--> Form<Product> filledForm = productForm.fill(product);
③ 把頁面表單的數據寫入模型Form<Product> productForm = Form.form(Product.class);模型中數據寫入表單 --> Form<Product> filledForm = productForm.fill(product);
--> Form<Product> boundForm = productForm.bindFromRequest();
Product product = boundForm.get();
product.save();
--> Form<Product> boundForm = productForm.bindFromRequest();
--> Form<Product> boundForm = productForm.bindFromRequest();Product product = boundForm.get();
product.save();
Product product = boundForm.get();
product.save();
product.save();
product.save();
product.save();
product.save();
product.save();
product.save();
product.save();
2. 在模板中使用表單——Form template helpers
在模板中咱們可使用Form template的helpers和helper.twitterBootstrap來處理表單各個項,這些helper會自動生成相應的HTML代碼,如:
@helper.form(action = routes.Products.save()) {
@helper.inputText(productForm("ean"), '_label -> "EAN", '_help -> "Must be exaclty 13 numbers.")
}
會產生以下HTML代碼(helper.twitterBootstrap)
<div class="clearfix " id="ean_field"> <label for="ean">EAN</label> <div class="input"> <input type="text" id="ean" name="ean" value="" > <span class="help-inline"></span> <span class="help-block">Must be exaclty 13 numbers.</span> </div> </div>
說明: 該helper可用的可選參數以下
'_label -> "Custom label"
'_id ->"idForTheTopDlElement"
'_help -> "Custom help"
'_showConstraints ->false
'_error -> "Force an error"
'_showErrors ->false
項目中details.scala.html的代碼以下:
2.1 引入helper
action傳入的參數
Form helpers
@import helper.twitterBootstrap._ —— bootstrap helpers
2.2 生
成<form>
tag
@helper.form(action = routes.Products.save()) { ... }
可在生成的時候加入參數
@helper.form(action = routes.Products.save(),''id -> "form") { ... }
2.3 生成 <input>
element
還能夠自定義HTML輸入
@helper.input(myForm("email")) { (id, name, value, args) =>
<inputtype="date"name="@name"id="@id" @toHtmlArgs(args)>
}
2.4 自定義的helper——生成自定義的myFieldConstructorTemplate
@(elements: helper.FieldElements) <div class="@if(elements.hasErrors) {error}"> <label for="@elements.id">@elements.label</label> <div class="input"> @elements.input <span class="errors">@elements.errors.mkString(", ")</span> <span class="help">@elements.infos.mkString(", ")</span> </div> </div>
保存爲views/
myFieldConstructorTemplate.scala.html文件,
如今就可使用這個自定義的FieldElements了
@implicitField = @{ FieldConstructor(myFieldConstructorTemplate.f) }
@inputText(myForm("email"))
3、數據綁定
PLay中有三種綁定方式
● 表單綁定(Form binding),見前所述
● URL查詢參數綁定(URL query parameters binding):
GET /products Products.edit(id: Long) --> 映射到URL: http://localhost:9000/products?id=12
● URL路徑綁定(URL path binding)
GET /products/:id Products.edit(id: Long) --> 映射到URL: http://localhost:9000/products/12
一、 簡單數據綁定
模型以下:
public class Product { public String ean; public String name; public String description; }
路由以下:
GET /products/save controllers.Products.save()
controller中的部分代碼以下:
//建立一個新的Product實例,用來接受HTTP數據 Form<models.Product> productForm = form(models.Product.class).bindFromRequest(); //將從表單獲得的數據賦給Product實例 Product product = boundForm.get(); //調用Product的save方法,將數據添加到product實例中 product.save(); ... return redirect(routes.Products.list());
在瀏覽器中輸入http://localhost:9000/product/save?ean=1111111111111&name=product&description=a%20description(該URL的參數便是在表單中填入的數據,經過GET方法傳給URL)便可激活Product.save()方法,並轉入Product.list()方法,顯示從HTTP URL傳入的數據。
二、 複雜數據綁定
假定有兩個類Product和Tag,其關係如圖
//Tag Class public class Tag { public Long id; public String name; public List<Product> products; public Tag(Long id, String name, Collection<Product> products) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.products = new LinkedList<Product>(products); for (Product product : products) { product.tags.add(this); } } public static Tag findById(Long id) { for (Tag tag : tags) { if(tag.id == id) return tag; } return null; } } //Product Class public class Product implements PathBindable<Product>, QueryStringBindable<Product> { public String ean; public String name; public String description; public Date date = new Date(); public Date peremptionDate = new Date(); public List<Tag> tags = new LinkedList<Tag>(); public Product() { } public Product(String ean, String name, String description) { this.ean = ean; this.name = name; this.description = description; } public static List<Product> findAll() { return new ArrayList<Product>(products); } public static Product findByEan(String ean) { for (Product candidate : products) { if (candidate.ean.equals(ean)) { return candidate; } } return null; } public static List<Product> findByName(String term) { final List<Product> results = new ArrayList<Product>(); for (Product candidate : products) { if (candidate.name.toLowerCase().contains(term.toLowerCase())) { results.add(candidate); } } }
l瀏覽器中顯示效果如圖:
在Products Controller中加入如下代碼
public class Products extends Controller { ... public static Result save() { ... (binding and error handling) Product product = boundForm.get(); List<Tag> tags = new ArrayList<Tag>(); for (Tag tag : product.tags) { if (tag.id != null) { tags.add(Tag.findById(tag.id)); } } product.tags = tags; product.save(); ... (success message and redirect) }
在Tag模型類中加入模擬數據(mocking data)
static { //The lightweight tag is added to product names matching paperclips 1 tags.add(new Tag(1L, "lightweight", Product.findByName("paperclips 1"))); //The metal tag is added to all the products (they all match paperclips) tags.add(new Tag(2L, "metal", Product.findByName("paperclips"))); //Theplastic tag is added to all the products (they all match paperclips) tags.add(new Tag(3L, "plastic", Product.findByName("paperclips"))); }
在details.scala.html,加入對應於Tag的相關代碼
<div class="control-group"> <div class="controls"> <input name="tags[0].id" value="1" type="checkbox" @for(i <- 0 to 2) { @if(productForm("tags[" + i + "].id").value=="1"){ checked } //若是該模型的Tag爲1(paperclips 1),將該選擇項選中,即該產品據有lightweight屬性 }> lightweight <input name="tags[1].id" value="2" type="checkbox" //若是該模型的Tag爲2(paperclips),將該選擇項選中,即該產品據有metal屬性 @for(i <- 0 to 2) { @if(productForm("tags[" + i + "].id").value=="2"){ checked } //若是該模型的Tag爲3(paperclips),將該選擇項選中,即該產品據有plastic屬性 }> metal <input name="tags[2].id" value="3" type="checkbox" @for(i <- 0 to 2) { @if(productForm("tags[" + i + "].id").value=="3"){ checked } }> plastic </div> </div>
3. 自定義數據綁定
3.1 綁定URL Path和模型對象
①將route從 GET /product/:ean controllers.Product.details(ean: String) 改成
GET /product/:ean controllers.Product.details(ean: models.Product)
②products/list.scala.html中的 <a href="@routes.Products.details(product.ean)"> 改成
<a href="@routes.Products.details(product)">
③修改Product類
④ 在controller Products中加入新action
該action用於自動綁定Product對象和URL路徑中的ean
3.2 綁定URL Path參數(Query string)和模型對象
原理同上,只是繼承的接口是play.mvc.QueryStringBindable
①將route從 GET /product/:ean controllers.Product.details(ean: String) 改成
GET /product/ controllers.Product.details(ean: models.Product) 這樣咱們就可使用像下面的URL了: /products?ean=1
②products/list.scala.html中的 <a href="@routes.Products.details(product.ean)"> 改成
<a href="@routes.Products.details(product)">
③修改Product類
④ 在Products Controller中加入新action(同上)
四、 HTTP URL複雜參數的格式化
@Formats.DateTime(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd") public Date date;
4、表單驗證—— Validation
Play的驗證僅和領域模型綁定,使用JSR-303和Hibernate的驗證,經過爲對象模型定義添加註解(annotation)來實現。
4.1 內置驗證(build-in)
在領域模型中使用註解(annotation)
在Controller中使用Form對象的hasError方法來處理驗證的錯誤意外
4.2 局部驗證(partial)
(之後補充)
4.3 自定義驗證(custom)
4.3.1 ad hoc驗證——爲每一個領域模型類增長validate方法
4.3.2 使用Play的@ValidateWith並定義本身的Validator類
爲每一個領域模型類增長validate方法,以Product類的ean成員變量爲例,爲其添加自定義EanValidator類:
4.3.3 使用JSR-303註解並定義本身的Validator類
以Product類的ean成員變量爲例
① 定義一個註解(annotation) —— 如: 自定義的Product類的成員變量ean的JSR-303類型註解EAN (Custom JSR-303 EAN annotation)
② 定義自定義EanValidator類——Custom JSR-303 validator
③在領域模型類中使用自定義的註解(annotation)
5、補充
本人比較有印象和感興趣的是該實例中頁面中刪除記錄的代碼,竟然直接使用javascript中的$.Ajax方法來實現刪除,其所有代碼以下所示:
list.scala.html
@(products: List[Product]) @main("Products catalogue") { <h2>All products</h2> <script> function del(urlToDelete) { $.ajax({ url: urlToDelete, type: 'DELETE', success: function(results) {location.reload(); // Refresh the page } }); } </script> <table class="table table-striped"> <thead><tr><th>EAN</th><th>Name</th><th>Description</th><th>Date</th><th></th></tr></thead> <tbody> @for(product <- products) { <tr> <td><a href="@routes.Products.details(product)"> @product.ean </a></td> <td><a href="@routes.Products.details(product)">@product.name</a></td> <td><a href="@routes.Products.details(product)">@product.name</a></td> <td>@product.date.format("dd-MM-yyyy")</td> <td> <a href="@routes.Products.details(product)"><i class="icon icon-pencil"></i></a> <a onclick="javascript:del('@routes.Products.delete(product.ean)')"><i class="icon icon-trash"></i></a> </td> </tr> } </tbody> </table> <a href="@routes.Products.newProduct()" class="btn"> <i class="icon-plus"></i> New product</a> }
delete()方法以下
public static Result delete(String ean) { final Product product = Product.findByEan(ean); if(product == null) { return notFound(String.format("Product %s does not exists.", ean)); } Product.remove(product); return redirect(routes.Products.list(1)); }
參考: