考點:名稱的數 △△△app
(一)、可數名詞的數:ide
1.可數名詞的規則變化this
1).通常直接在名詞後 + sspa
tree – trees girl – girlsrest
2).特殊結尾的單詞,以s, sh, ch, x 結尾 + esthree
inch – inches dish – dishes box – boxesci
3).以y結尾的 輔音 + y y變i + esit
baby – babies country - countriesio
元音 + y 直接 + sast
toy - toys boy – boys
2.可數名詞的不規則變化
1).以o結尾的詞,多數在詞尾 +s
常考6個 +es: Negro 黑人 hero英雄 tomato 西紅柿
potato 土豆 volcano 火山 echo 回聲
2).以f、fe結尾的,須要去f,fe變v +es
記憶: thief 賊 loaf 麪包棒 wife 妻子
leaf 樹葉 knife 刀 shelf 架子
wolf 狼 life 生命 half 一半
中間元音變化
第一類人: man – men woman – women
第二類部位:foot – feet tooth – teeth
第三類動物:goose – gesse
總體變化 – 單複數同形
sheep – sheep 綿羊 deer – deer 鹿
成對出現的名詞用複數形式
trousers 褲子 glasses 眼鏡 scissor 剪刀
特殊形式
child – children ox – oxen criterion – criteria
mouse – mice phenomenon – phenomena advice (不可數)
(二)、不可數名詞的數
1.抽象名詞的複數表示其餘意義
time 時間 – times 時代 work 工做 – works 著做工廠
spirit 精神 – spirics 情緒,烈酒
2.不可數名詞的具體「量化」問題
a piece of advice 一條建議
a bottle of water 一瓶水
some pieces of advice 不少條建議
three bottles of water 三瓶水
提示:
好比:桌子上有蘋果
There is an apple on the desk.
There are apples on the desk.
There is apple on the desk. ×
解決方案:
① 單數變複數
② 在單數名詞前加冠詞 a/ an/ the
2.含有連詞符
num(數詞)-n-adj 結構名詞永遠單數
three-meter-long = three meters long 三米長
考點:名稱的全部格 △△△
什麼叫全部格?--漢語「的」
‘s屬格主要用於有生命的事物
of屬格主要用於無生命的事物
eg: the teacher’s book 老師的書
passers-by’s words 路人的話
the workshops of the plant 工廠的車間
注意:’s屬格用於生命的事物的特殊狀況
at the tailor’s 在裁縫鋪
at the barber’s 在理髮店
距離、時間、價格
a mile’s distance 一英里的距離
today’s newspaper 今天的報紙
three year’s time 三年的時間
of全部格用在有生命的物體上
the + adj表示一類人的時候,纔可使用
eg: the need of the poor 窮人們的須要
雙重屬格 of短語 + 全部格
eg: a friend of Jone’s 瓊的一位朋友
= one of Jone’s friends
考點:代詞△△△
1).it指代事物或者人(常代指時間、天氣、距離等)
I like it in the autumn when the weather is clean and bright.
2).it充當形式主語
It is our belief that the improvement inhealth care will lead to stronger, more prosperous economy.
3).it充當形式賓語
As the busiest woman in Norton,she made it her duty to look after other people’s affairs in that town.
4).it用於強調句型 It is/was …that
It is what you do rather than what you say matters.
1).一般 that/those 指代上文說起的事物
this/these 指代下文說起的事物
eg: He was nearly drowned once.
When was that?
2).爲了不重複前面的名稱,能夠用that或者those來代替而且that或者those後面必須有後置定語。
eg: The population in Shanghai is larger than that in Guangzhou.
One只能指代可數名詞,泛指one的複數形式是ones。
eg: May I help you with some shoes sir?
Yes,I’d like to try on those blank ones.
no, no one, nothing, none
no 沒有 no one 只指人,不能接of
nothing 指物 none 即指人又指物,後面能夠接of
eg:They were all very tired,but none of them would stop to take a rest.
both, either, neither 經常使用結構:
both 二者都 both … and … (謂語動詞複數)
either 二者中任何一個 either … or … (謂語動詞就近)
neither 二者都不 neither … or … (謂語動詞就近)
eg: Both you and I were wrong.
Neither of then knew what to do.
There is coffee or tea you can have either.
可數複數 不可數
few 不多,幾乎沒有 litte 不多,幾乎沒有
a few 有幾個,一些 a litte 有幾個,一些
考點:動詞辨析及詞組△△△△△
award reward
1.award 授予獎品
award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb.
2.reward 回報/報答 re --再,回
in reward for … 「做爲對…的回報」
reward sb for … 「因…而報答某人」
out 短語
pick out 挑選
leave out 省略,刪去
take out 拿出,取出;拔(牙),把…帶出去,邀請(某人)外出
figure out 計算,估計;弄清楚,理解
find out 找出,查明
look out 注意,小心
speak out 大膽地說;大聲地說
run out 完成,耗盡,結束
sell out 賣光
break 短語
1.break down 出故障,拋錨
His car broke down on the highway.
Peace talks have broken down in the Middle Ease.
2.break up 解散,結束,分手
The police broke up the crowd.
Their marriage is breaking up.
3.break in 破門而入,打斷
Last night a thief broke in and stole away his camera.
4.break through 出現,突破,克服
It was a cloudy day, but the sun at last broke through.
Break through difficulties.
1.attribute to 把…歸咎於 把…歸功於 (緣由)
He attributed his good health to exertise.
2.contribute to (褒)促成,有助於 (貶)形成,致使 (結果)
put up with 忍受,容忍
come up with 提供,提出
keep up with 跟上,不落在…後面;保持聯繫,和…來往
She still kept up with her classmates after graduation.
keep in touch with
go on doing sth = go on with sth 繼續作某事
put off 推遲
put out 撲滅
put up 舉起,擡起,張貼,留宿
put away 收起來,放好
put aside 撇開,放置一邊,儲存
put across 講清楚,表達傳達
turn down 關小,調低,拒絕
turn up 調高
turn on 打開電器
turn off 關掉電器
turn out 結果是…結果證實
turn over 翻過來,翻到
turn in 上交,交還
hand out 散發,分發
hand it 提交,呈送
hand down 把…傳下去,世代相傳
hand over 移交,轉送
set aside 放在一邊,擱置,存蓄,留下
set up 創建,成交
set in (很差的事情)產生,開始,到來,流行
be set in 以…背景
考點:純粹的形容詞詞序的問題(的)
美小圓舊黃,法國木書房
美醜好壞 身高大小 年齡新舊 顏色 國籍 材料 用途
考點:純粹的副詞詞序的問題(地)
方式 > 地點 > 時間
The student did well(方式) here(地點) yesterday(時間).
She sang beantifully(方式) in the hall(地點) last night(時間).
考點:混合詞序的問題△△△
very good deeply moved
但 enough 特殊
The boy is old enough to look after himself.
Enough表示「足夠」時,修飾adj/adv.只能後置
但後置定語特殊
第一種:以 a 開頭的 adj
alone asleep alike alive
The happiest man alive.
第二種:some- any- every- no- 等和body, one, thing等組成的複合不定代詞。
Something hot to drink.
第三種: 表示長,寬,高深及年齡的形容詞
89 years old. 200 meters long.
考點:原級比較△△△
1.結構:as + adj./adv. 原級 + as 和…同樣…
Song is as hadsome as G.
結構:…not as…as…
…not so…as…
Song is not as hadsome as G.
當 as…as… 中有名詞時
「…as + adj. + a + 單數名詞 + as …」
「…as + many/much + 名詞複數/不可數名詞 + as…」
S is as handsome an actor as G.
S has as may fans as G.
考點:形容詞,副詞的比較級△△△
規則變化+er; 規則變化+est;
不規則:far – farther – farthest 遠
- further – furthest 抽象
old – older – oldest 表年齡大小
- elder – eldest 表長幼關係
考點:多音節的形容詞,副詞的比較級△△△
比較級 more + beautiful
最高級 the most + beautiful
常考詞:boring 無聊的 slowly 慢的
Horrible 可怕的 excited 興奮的
Delicious 美味的 interesting 有趣的
Important 重要的 dangerous 危險的
Famous 著名的 beautiful 漂亮的
考點:介詞△△△
I put off doing my homework.
考點:連詞△△△
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
由並列連詞(and, but, or等)或分號(;)把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一塊兒構成
You help him and he helps you.
The boy is my brother.
The boy (who is wearing a hat) is my brother.
複合句 = 連詞 + 從句
考點:冠詞 a/an/the 的用法
I bought a book yesterday and the book is ten yuan.
Do you know the older of the two boys?
考點:數詞
the first
two hundred 200百 hundreds of 成百的
1/3 one third 2/3 two thirds
4.歷史上的幾十年代和某人幾十歲時
in 1930s 20世紀30年代 in one’s forties 40多歲
「mun(數詞) - n - adj」結構內的名詞永遠單數