HashMap源碼簡單分析

 1 仍是老習慣,一邊看,一邊添加註釋,但願堅持下去,HashMap的基本源碼進行了分析,內部一些接口和設計還沒來得及看  2 
 3 1、成員  4 
 5 一、transient Entry[] table;  6 
 7 HashMap內部維護了一個內部類-Entry,用來存放鍵值對,這個Entry實現了Map.Entry這一Map的內部接口Entry,HashMap本質上來說是由數組和Entry鏈表組成的數據結構  8 
 9 二、 static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;  10 
 11 加載因子,加載因子越大,hash表(即Entry數組)所佔空間越少,但會影響查詢性能(由於須要經過鏈表一個挨一個向下查詢),加載因子越小,hash表(即Entry數組)所佔空間越多,這時查詢效率較高,可是hash表所佔空間較多  12 
 13 三、static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;  14 
 15 四、/**
 16 
 17   * The next size value at which to resize (capacity * load factor).  18   * @serial
 19   */
 20   int threshold;  21 
 22 五、static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;  23 
 24 六、static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;  25 
 26 七、final float loadFactor  27 
 28 決定何時進行擴容  29 
 30 2、方法  31 
 32 1、核心構造方法  33 
 34 public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {  35 if (initialCapacity < 0)  36 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
 37 initialCapacity);  38 if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)  39 initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;  40 if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))  41 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
 42 loadFactor);  43 
 44 // Find a power of 2 >= initialCapacity
 45 int capacity = 1;  46 while (capacity < initialCapacity)  47 capacity <<= 1;  48 
 49 this.loadFactor = loadFactor;  50 threshold = (int)(capacity * loadFactor);  51 table = new Entry[capacity];  //capacity表明數組的長度
 52 init();  53 }  54 
 55 2、在key對象的hashCodr()方法的基礎上再作hash,避免一些很差的hashCode()方法  56 
 57 //Null keys always map to hash 0, 若是key爲null,那麼hash()方法的到的hash值爲0,再調用indexFor方法獲得的數組的索引值也爲0,因此key爲null的Entry存在數組下標爲0的位置
 58 
 59 static int hash(int h) {  60 // This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by  61 // constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded  62 // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
 63 h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);  64 return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);  65 }  66 
 67 3、根據2中得到的hash值和數組的長度獲得Entry對應的數組的索引  68 
 69 static int indexFor(int h, int length) {  70 return h & (length-1);   //屏蔽高位,保證與操做後最大值爲length-1
 71 }  72 
 73 4、根據key獲取value  74 
 75 public V get(Object key) {  76 if (key == null)  77 return getForNullKey();  //若是key爲null則直接取index爲0的Entry對應的value值
 78 int hash = hash(key.hashCode());  //生成Entryhash值
 79 for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];  //獲取header
 80 e != null;  81 e = e.next) {  //鏈表向下走
 82 Object k;  83 if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k)))  //判斷key是否相同
 84 return e.value;  85 }  86 return null;  87 }  88 
 89 5、獲取key爲null的key對應的值(注意:這裏使用在鏈表中查找的方式,由於index爲0的鏈表上不是隻有key爲null的Entry)  90 
 91 private V getForNullKey() {  92 for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {  93 if (e.key == null)  94 return e.value;  95 }  96 return null;  97 }  98 
 99 6、添加鍵值對 100 
101 public V put(K key, V value) { 102 
103 /*若是key存在則對value進行修改並將原value返回*/
104 if (key == null) 105 return putForNullKey(value); 106 int hash = hash(key.hashCode()); 107 int i = indexFor(hash, table.length); 108 for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) { 109 Object k; 110 if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) { 111 V oldValue = e.value; 112 e.value = value; 113 e.recordAccess(this); 114 return oldValue; 115 } 116 } 117 
118 /*若是key不存在則新增鍵值對*/
119 
120 modCount++; 121 addEntry(hash, key, value, i); 122 return null; 123 } 124 
125 7、新增長鍵值對 126 
127 void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) { 128 Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];  //獲取header
129 table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e);  //new一個新Entry,並將後指針指向原header,新加的Entry成爲新header
130 if (size++ >= threshold)  //若是元素個數超過閾值,則進行擴容
131 resize(2 * table.length);  //擴容爲原來的2倍
132 } 133 
134 8、擴容 135 
136 void resize(int newCapacity) { 137 Entry[] oldTable = table; 138 int oldCapacity = oldTable.length; 139 if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) { 140 threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE; 141 return; 142 } 143 
144 Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];  //擴容爲新capacity
145 transfer(newTable);  //將全部的Entry遷移到新的數組中去
146 table = newTable; 147 threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor);  //從新計算閾值
148 } 149 
150 9、將全部Entry遷移到新數組中 151 
152 void transfer(Entry[] newTable) { 153 Entry[] src = table; 154 int newCapacity = newTable.length; 155 
156 /*遍歷Entry數組的0-(size-1)的索引對應的Entry鏈表,並將鏈表上的Entry從新計算在新數組中的索引並遷移到新數組的Entry鏈中*/
157 for (int j = 0; j < src.length; j++) { 158 Entry<K,V> e = src[j]; 159 if (e != null) { 160 src[j] = null;  //for GC
161 do {    //遍歷處理某個索引上的Entry鏈
162 Entry<K,V> next = e.next; 163 int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);  //從新計算索引 
164 
165 /*將全部Entry分別放到應該放到的indexEntry鏈上*/
166 e.next = newTable[i]; 167 newTable[i] = e; 168 e = next; 169 } while (e != null); 170 } 171 } 172 }
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