GitHub 項目地址:github.com/Smith-Cruis… 。php
原文地址:www.inlighting.org/2019/spring…。html
我也是半路出家的人,若是你們有什麼好的意見或批評,請務必 issue
下。java
若是想要直接體驗,直接 clone
項目,運行 mvn spring-boot:run
命令便可進行訪問。網址規則自行看教程後面。git
若是想了解 Spring Security 能夠看github
Spring Boot 2.0+Srping Security+Thymeleaf的簡易教程web
Spring Boot 2 + Spring Security 5 + JWT 的單頁應用Restful解決方案 (推薦)spring
在開始本教程以前,請保證已經熟悉如下幾點。數據庫
Controller
、 RestController
、 Autowired
等這些基本註釋。其實看看官方的 Getting-Start 教程就差很少了。簡要的說明下咱們爲何要用 JWT ,由於咱們要實現徹底的先後端分離,因此不可能使用 session
, cookie
的方式進行鑑權,因此 JWT 就被派上了用場,你能夠經過一個加密密鑰來進行先後端的鑑權。apache
/login
進行登入,若是成功返回一個加密 token,失敗的話直接返回 401 錯誤。header
中添加 Authorization
字段,例如 Authorization: token
,token
爲密鑰。token
的校驗,若是有誤會直接返回 401。username
信息在 token 中。token
進行加密。token
中攜帶的 username
信息。token
是否正確。新建一個 Maven 工程,添加相關的 dependencies。後端
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.inlighting</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-study</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.auth0</groupId>
<artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- Srping Boot 打包工具 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.5.7.RELEASE</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- 指定JDK編譯版本 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
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注意指定JDK版本和編碼。
爲了縮減教程的代碼,我使用 HashMap
本地模擬了一個數據庫,結構以下:
username | password | role | permission |
---|---|---|---|
smith | smith123 | user | view |
danny | danny123 | admin | view,edit |
這是一個最簡單的用戶權限表,若是想更加進一步瞭解,自行百度 RBAC。
以後再構建一個 UserService
來模擬數據庫查詢,而且把結果放到 UserBean
之中。
UserService.java
@Component
public class UserService {
public UserBean getUser(String username) {
// 沒有此用戶直接返回null
if (! DataSource.getData().containsKey(username))
return null;
UserBean user = new UserBean();
Map<String, String> detail = DataSource.getData().get(username);
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(detail.get("password"));
user.setRole(detail.get("role"));
user.setPermission(detail.get("permission"));
return user;
}
}
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UserBean.java
public class UserBean {
private String username;
private String password;
private String role;
private String permission;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getRole() {
return role;
}
public void setRole(String role) {
this.role = role;
}
public String getPermission() {
return permission;
}
public void setPermission(String permission) {
this.permission = permission;
}
}
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咱們寫一個簡單的 JWT 加密,校驗工具,而且使用用戶本身的密碼充當加密密鑰,這樣保證了 token 即便被他人截獲也沒法破解。而且咱們在 token
中附帶了 username
信息,而且設置密鑰5分鐘就會過時。
public class JWTUtil {
// 過時時間5分鐘
private static final long EXPIRE_TIME = 5*60*1000;
/** * 校驗token是否正確 * @param token 密鑰 * @param secret 用戶的密碼 * @return 是否正確 */
public static boolean verify(String token, String username, String secret) {
try {
Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(secret);
JWTVerifier verifier = JWT.require(algorithm)
.withClaim("username", username)
.build();
DecodedJWT jwt = verifier.verify(token);
return true;
} catch (Exception exception) {
return false;
}
}
/** * 得到token中的信息無需secret解密也能得到 * @return token中包含的用戶名 */
public static String getUsername(String token) {
try {
DecodedJWT jwt = JWT.decode(token);
return jwt.getClaim("username").asString();
} catch (JWTDecodeException e) {
return null;
}
}
/** * 生成簽名,5min後過時 * @param username 用戶名 * @param secret 用戶的密碼 * @return 加密的token */
public static String sign(String username, String secret) {
try {
Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()+EXPIRE_TIME);
Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(secret);
// 附帶username信息
return JWT.create()
.withClaim("username", username)
.withExpiresAt(date)
.sign(algorithm);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
return null;
}
}
}
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ResponseBean.java
既然想要實現 restful,那咱們要保證每次返回的格式都是相同的,所以我創建了一個 ResponseBean
來統一返回的格式。
public class ResponseBean {
// http 狀態碼
private int code;
// 返回信息
private String msg;
// 返回的數據
private Object data;
public ResponseBean(int code, String msg, Object data) {
this.code = code;
this.msg = msg;
this.data = data;
}
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(int code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
public Object getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(Object data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
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自定義異常
爲了實現我本身可以手動拋出異常,我本身寫了一個 UnauthorizedException.java
public class UnauthorizedException extends RuntimeException {
public UnauthorizedException(String msg) {
super(msg);
}
public UnauthorizedException() {
super();
}
}
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URL結構
URL | 做用 |
---|---|
/login | 登入 |
/article | 全部人均可以訪問,可是用戶與遊客看到的內容不一樣 |
/require_auth | 登入的用戶才能夠進行訪問 |
/require_role | admin的角色用戶才能夠登入 |
/require_permission | 擁有view和edit權限的用戶才能夠訪問 |
Controller
@RestController
public class WebController {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(WebController.class);
private UserService userService;
@Autowired
public void setService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
@PostMapping("/login")
public ResponseBean login(@RequestParam("username") String username, @RequestParam("password") String password) {
UserBean userBean = userService.getUser(username);
if (userBean.getPassword().equals(password)) {
return new ResponseBean(200, "Login success", JWTUtil.sign(username, password));
} else {
throw new UnauthorizedException();
}
}
@GetMapping("/article")
public ResponseBean article() {
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
if (subject.isAuthenticated()) {
return new ResponseBean(200, "You are already logged in", null);
} else {
return new ResponseBean(200, "You are guest", null);
}
}
@GetMapping("/require_auth")
@RequiresAuthentication
public ResponseBean requireAuth() {
return new ResponseBean(200, "You are authenticated", null);
}
@GetMapping("/require_role")
@RequiresRoles("admin")
public ResponseBean requireRole() {
return new ResponseBean(200, "You are visiting require_role", null);
}
@GetMapping("/require_permission")
@RequiresPermissions(logical = Logical.AND, value = {"view", "edit"})
public ResponseBean requirePermission() {
return new ResponseBean(200, "You are visiting permission require edit,view", null);
}
@RequestMapping(path = "/401")
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED)
public ResponseBean unauthorized() {
return new ResponseBean(401, "Unauthorized", null);
}
}
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處理框架異常
以前說過 restful 要統一返回的格式,因此咱們也要全局處理 Spring Boot
的拋出異常。利用 @RestControllerAdvice
能很好的實現。
@RestControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionController {
// 捕捉shiro的異常
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED)
@ExceptionHandler(ShiroException.class)
public ResponseBean handle401(ShiroException e) {
return new ResponseBean(401, e.getMessage(), null);
}
// 捕捉UnauthorizedException
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED)
@ExceptionHandler(UnauthorizedException.class)
public ResponseBean handle401() {
return new ResponseBean(401, "Unauthorized", null);
}
// 捕捉其餘全部異常
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
public ResponseBean globalException(HttpServletRequest request, Throwable ex) {
return new ResponseBean(getStatus(request).value(), ex.getMessage(), null);
}
private HttpStatus getStatus(HttpServletRequest request) {
Integer statusCode = (Integer) request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
if (statusCode == null) {
return HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
}
return HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode);
}
}
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你們能夠先看下官方的 Spring-Shiro 整合教程,有個初步的瞭解。不過既然咱們用了 Spring-Boot
,那咱們確定要爭取零配置文件。
實現JWTToken
JWTToken
差很少就是 Shiro
用戶名密碼的載體。由於咱們是先後端分離,服務器無需保存用戶狀態,因此不須要 RememberMe
這類功能,咱們簡單的實現下 AuthenticationToken
接口便可。由於 token
本身已經包含了用戶名等信息,因此這裏我就弄了一個字段。若是你喜歡鑽研,能夠看看官方的 UsernamePasswordToken
是如何實現的。
public class JWTToken implements AuthenticationToken {
// 密鑰
private String token;
public JWTToken(String token) {
this.token = token;
}
@Override
public Object getPrincipal() {
return token;
}
@Override
public Object getCredentials() {
return token;
}
}
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實現Realm
realm
的用於處理用戶是否合法的這一塊,須要咱們本身實現。
@Service
public class MyRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(MyRealm.class);
private UserService userService;
@Autowired
public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
/** * 大坑!,必須重寫此方法,否則Shiro會報錯 */
@Override
public boolean supports(AuthenticationToken token) {
return token instanceof JWTToken;
}
/** * 只有當須要檢測用戶權限的時候纔會調用此方法,例如checkRole,checkPermission之類的 */
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
String username = JWTUtil.getUsername(principals.toString());
UserBean user = userService.getUser(username);
SimpleAuthorizationInfo simpleAuthorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
simpleAuthorizationInfo.addRole(user.getRole());
Set<String> permission = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(user.getPermission().split(",")));
simpleAuthorizationInfo.addStringPermissions(permission);
return simpleAuthorizationInfo;
}
/** * 默認使用此方法進行用戶名正確與否驗證,錯誤拋出異常便可。 */
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken auth) throws AuthenticationException {
String token = (String) auth.getCredentials();
// 解密得到username,用於和數據庫進行對比
String username = JWTUtil.getUsername(token);
if (username == null) {
throw new AuthenticationException("token invalid");
}
UserBean userBean = userService.getUser(username);
if (userBean == null) {
throw new AuthenticationException("User didn't existed!");
}
if (! JWTUtil.verify(token, username, userBean.getPassword())) {
throw new AuthenticationException("Username or password error");
}
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(token, token, "my_realm");
}
}
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在 doGetAuthenticationInfo()
中用戶能夠自定義拋出不少異常,詳情見文檔。
重寫 Filter
全部的請求都會先通過 Filter
,因此咱們繼承官方的 BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter
,而且重寫鑑權的方法。
代碼的執行流程 preHandle
-> isAccessAllowed
-> isLoginAttempt
-> executeLogin
。
public class JWTFilter extends BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter {
private Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
/** * 判斷用戶是否想要登入。 * 檢測header裏面是否包含Authorization字段便可 */
@Override
protected boolean isLoginAttempt(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
String authorization = req.getHeader("Authorization");
return authorization != null;
}
/** * */
@Override
protected boolean executeLogin(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
String authorization = httpServletRequest.getHeader("Authorization");
JWTToken token = new JWTToken(authorization);
// 提交給realm進行登入,若是錯誤他會拋出異常並被捕獲
getSubject(request, response).login(token);
// 若是沒有拋出異常則表明登入成功,返回true
return true;
}
/** * 這裏咱們詳細說明下爲何最終返回的都是true,即容許訪問 * 例如咱們提供一個地址 GET /article * 登入用戶和遊客看到的內容是不一樣的 * 若是在這裏返回了false,請求會被直接攔截,用戶看不到任何東西 * 因此咱們在這裏返回true,Controller中能夠經過 subject.isAuthenticated() 來判斷用戶是否登入 * 若是有些資源只有登入用戶才能訪問,咱們只須要在方法上面加上 @RequiresAuthentication 註解便可 * 可是這樣作有一個缺點,就是不可以對GET,POST等請求進行分別過濾鑑權(由於咱們重寫了官方的方法),但實際上對應用影響不大 */
@Override
protected boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) {
if (isLoginAttempt(request, response)) {
try {
executeLogin(request, response);
} catch (Exception e) {
response401(request, response);
}
}
return true;
}
/** * 對跨域提供支持 */
@Override
protected boolean preHandle(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-control-Allow-Origin", httpServletRequest.getHeader("Origin"));
httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,POST,OPTIONS,PUT,DELETE");
httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", httpServletRequest.getHeader("Access-Control-Request-Headers"));
// 跨域時會首先發送一個option請求,這裏咱們給option請求直接返回正常狀態
if (httpServletRequest.getMethod().equals(RequestMethod.OPTIONS.name())) {
httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpStatus.OK.value());
return false;
}
return super.preHandle(request, response);
}
/** * 將非法請求跳轉到 /401 */
private void response401(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp) {
try {
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
httpServletResponse.sendRedirect("/401");
} catch (IOException e) {
LOGGER.error(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
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getSubject(request, response).login(token);
這一步就是提交給了 realm
進行處理。
配置Shiro
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
@Bean("securityManager")
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getManager(MyRealm realm) {
DefaultWebSecurityManager manager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
// 使用本身的realm
manager.setRealm(realm);
/* * 關閉shiro自帶的session,詳情見文檔 * http://shiro.apache.org/session-management.html#SessionManagement-StatelessApplications%28Sessionless%29 */
DefaultSubjectDAO subjectDAO = new DefaultSubjectDAO();
DefaultSessionStorageEvaluator defaultSessionStorageEvaluator = new DefaultSessionStorageEvaluator();
defaultSessionStorageEvaluator.setSessionStorageEnabled(false);
subjectDAO.setSessionStorageEvaluator(defaultSessionStorageEvaluator);
manager.setSubjectDAO(subjectDAO);
return manager;
}
@Bean("shiroFilter")
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean factory(DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean factoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
// 添加本身的過濾器而且取名爲jwt
Map<String, Filter> filterMap = new HashMap<>();
filterMap.put("jwt", new JWTFilter());
factoryBean.setFilters(filterMap);
factoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
factoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/401");
/* * 自定義url規則 * http://shiro.apache.org/web.html#urls- */
Map<String, String> filterRuleMap = new HashMap<>();
// 全部請求經過咱們本身的JWT Filter
filterRuleMap.put("/**", "jwt");
// 訪問401和404頁面不經過咱們的Filter
filterRuleMap.put("/401", "anon");
factoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterRuleMap);
return factoryBean;
}
/** * 下面的代碼是添加註解支持 */
@Bean
@DependsOn("lifecycleBeanPostProcessor")
public DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator() {
DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator();
// 強制使用cglib,防止重複代理和可能引發代理出錯的問題
// https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/29161098
defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.setProxyTargetClass(true);
return defaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator;
}
@Bean
public LifecycleBeanPostProcessor lifecycleBeanPostProcessor() {
return new LifecycleBeanPostProcessor();
}
@Bean
public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor(DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager) {
AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor advisor = new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor();
advisor.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
return advisor;
}
}
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裏面 URL 規則本身參考文檔便可 shiro.apache.org/web.html 。
我就說下代碼還有哪些能夠進步的地方吧
Cache
功能。/401
地址實現。