JavaScript中函數的繼承

    大多OOP語言都支持兩種繼承方式: 接口繼承和實現繼承 ,而ECMAScript中沒法實現接口繼承,ECMAScript只支持實現繼承,並且其實現繼承主要是依靠 原型鏈 來實現。javascript

1.原型鏈java

基本思想:利用原型讓一個引用類型繼承另一個引用類型的屬性和方法。app

構造函數,原型,實例之間的關係:每一個構造函數都有一個原型對象,原型對象包含一個指向構造函數的指針,而實例都包含一個指向原型對象的內部指針。函數

原型鏈實現繼承例子:this

function SuperType() {
this.property = true;
}
SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function() {
return this.property;
}
function subType() {
this.property = false;
}
//繼承了SuperType
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function (){
return this.property;
}
var instance = new SubType();
console.log(instance.getSuperValue());//true

 

2.借用構造函數spa

基本思想:在子類型構造函數的內部調用超類構造函數,經過使用call()和apply()方法能夠在新建立的對象上執行構造函數。prototype

例子:指針

function SuperType() {
this.colors = ["red","blue","green"];
}
function SubType() {
SuperType.call(this);//繼承了SuperType
}
var instance1 = new SubType();
instance1.colors.push("black");
console.log(instance1.colors);//"red","blue","green","black"
var instance2 = new SubType();
console.log(instance2.colors);//"red","blue","green"

 

3.組合繼承對象

基本思想:將原型鏈和借用構造函數的技術組合在一塊,從而發揮二者之長的一種繼承模式。blog

例子:

function SuperType(name) {
this.name = name;
this.colors = ["red","blue","green"];
}
SuperType.prototype.sayName = function() {
console.log(this.name);
}
function SubType(name, age) {
SuperType.call(this,name);//繼承屬性
this.age = age;
}
//繼承方法
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
Subtype.prototype.constructor = Subtype;
Subtype.prototype.sayAge = function() {
console.log(this.age);
}
var instance1 = new SubType("EvanChen",18);
instance1.colors.push("black");
consol.log(instance1.colors);//"red","blue","green","black"
instance1.sayName();//"EvanChen"
instance1.sayAge();//18
var instance2 = new SubType("EvanChen666",20);
console.log(instance2.colors);//"red","blue","green"
instance2.sayName();//"EvanChen666"
instance2.sayAge();//20

 4.原型式繼承

基本想法:藉助原型能夠基於已有的對象建立新對象,同時還沒必要須所以建立自定義的類型。

原型式繼承的思想可用如下函數來講明:

function object(o) {
function F(){}
F.prototype = o;
return new F();
}

例子:
var person = {
name:"EvanChen",
friends:["Shelby","Court","Van"];
};
var anotherPerson = object(person);
anotherPerson.name = "Greg";
anotherPerson.friends.push("Rob");
var yetAnotherPerson = object(person);
yetAnotherPerson.name = "Linda";
yetAnotherPerson.friends.push("Barbie");
console.log(person.friends);//"Shelby","Court","Van","Rob","Barbie"

 Object.create()方法規範化了原型式繼承,這個方法接收兩個參數:一個用做新對象原型的對象和一個做爲新對象定義額外屬性的對象。

var person = {
name:"EvanChen",
friends:["Shelby","Court","Van"];
};
var anotherPerson = Object.create(person);
anotherPerson.name = "Greg";
anotherPerson.friends.push("Rob");
var yetAnotherPerson = Object.create(person);
yetAnotherPerson.name = "Linda";
yetAnotherPerson.friends.push("Barbie");
console.log(person.friends);//"Shelby","Court","Van","Rob","Barbie"

 

5.寄生式繼承

基本思想:建立一個僅用於封裝繼承過程的函數,該函數在內部以某種方式來加強對象,最後再像真正是它作了全部工做同樣返回對象。

例子:

function createAnother(original) {
var clone = object(original);
clone.sayHi = function () {
alert("hi");
};
return clone;
}
var person = {
name:"EvanChen",
friends:["Shelby","Court","Van"];
};
var anotherPerson = createAnother(person);
anotherPerson.sayHi();///"hi"

 

6.寄生組合式繼承

基本思想:經過借用函數來繼承屬性,經過原型鏈的混成形式來繼承方法

其基本模型以下所示:

function inheritProperty(subType, superType) {
var prototype = object(superType.prototype);//建立對象
prototype.constructor = subType;//加強對象
subType.prototype = prototype;//指定對象
}

 例子:

function SuperType(name){
this.name = name;
this.colors = ["red","blue","green"];
}
SuperType.prototype.sayName = function (){
alert(this.name);
};
function SubType(name,age){
SuperType.call(this,name);
this.age = age;
}
inheritProperty(SubType,SuperType);
SubType.prototype.sayAge = function() {
alert(this.age);
}

 以上爲六種JavaScript的繼承方式。

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