Android 數據存儲知識梳理(1) SQLiteOpenHelper 源碼解析

1、概述

這篇文章主要涉及到項目當中,使用數據庫相關的操做:html

  • 使用SQLiteOpenHelper來封裝數據庫。
  • 多線程的狀況下使用SQLiteOpenHelper

2、使用SQLiteOpenHelper封裝數據庫

2.1 使用SQLiteOpenHelper的緣由

之因此須要使用SQLiteOpenHelper,而不是調用Context的方法來直接獲得SQLiteDatabase,主要是由於它有兩個好處:android

  • 自動管理建立:當須要對數據庫進行操做的時候,不用關心SQLiteOpenHelper所關聯的SQLiteDatabase是否建立,SQLiteOpenHelper會幫咱們去判斷,若是沒有建立,那麼就先建立該數據庫後,再返回給使用者。
  • 自動管理版本:當須要對數據庫進行操做以前,若是發現當前聲明的數據庫的版本和手機內的數據庫版本不一樣的時候,那麼會分別調用onUpgradeonDowngrade,這樣使用者就能夠在裏面來處理新舊版本的兼容問題。

2.2 SQLiteOpenHelperAPI

SQLiteOpenHelperAPI不多,咱們來看一下: sql

2.2.1 構造函數

/**
     * Create a helper object to create, open, and/or manage a database.
     * The database is not actually created or opened until one of
     * {@link #getWritableDatabase} or {@link #getReadableDatabase} is called.
     *
     * <p>Accepts input param: a concrete instance of {@link DatabaseErrorHandler} to be
     * used to handle corruption when sqlite reports database corruption.</p>
     *
     * @param context to use to open or create the database
     * @param name of the database file, or null for an in-memory database
     * @param factory to use for creating cursor objects, or null for the default
     * @param version number of the database (starting at 1); if the database is older,
     *     {@link #onUpgrade} will be used to upgrade the database; if the database is
     *     newer, {@link #onDowngrade} will be used to downgrade the database
     * @param errorHandler the {@link DatabaseErrorHandler} to be used when sqlite reports database
     * corruption, or null to use the default error handler.
     */
    public SQLiteOpenHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version,
            DatabaseErrorHandler errorHandler) {
        if (version < 1) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Version must be >= 1, was " + version);

        mContext = context;
        mName = name;
        mFactory = factory;
        mNewVersion = version;
        mErrorHandler = errorHandler;
    }
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這裏有一點很重要:當咱們實例化一個SQLiteOpenHelper的子類時,並不會馬上建立或者打開它對應的數據庫,這個操做是等到調用了getWritableDatabase或者getReadableDatabase才進行的數據庫

  • context:用來打開或者關閉數據的上下文,須要注意內存泄露問題。
  • name:數據庫的名字,通常爲xxx.db,若是爲空,那麼使用的是內存數據庫。
  • factory:建立cursor的工廠類,若是爲空,那麼使用默認的。
  • version:數據庫的當前版本號,必須大於等於1
  • erroeHandler:數據庫發生錯誤時的處理者,若是爲空,那麼使用默認處理方式。

2.2.2 得到SQLiteDatabase

通常狀況下,當咱們實例完一個SQLiteOpenHelper對象以後,就能夠經過它所關聯的SQLiteDatabase,來對數據庫進行操做了,得到數據庫的方式有下面兩種:緩存

/**
     * Create and/or open a database that will be used for reading and writing.
     * The first time this is called, the database will be opened and
     * {@link #onCreate}, {@link #onUpgrade} and/or {@link #onOpen} will be
     * called.
     *
     * <p>Once opened successfully, the database is cached, so you can
     * call this method every time you need to write to the database.
     * (Make sure to call {@link #close} when you no longer need the database.)
     * Errors such as bad permissions or a full disk may cause this method
     * to fail, but future attempts may succeed if the problem is fixed.</p>
     *
     * <p class="caution">Database upgrade may take a long time, you
     * should not call this method from the application main thread, including
     * from {@link android.content.ContentProvider#onCreate ContentProvider.onCreate()}.
     *
     * @throws SQLiteException if the database cannot be opened for writing
     * @return a read/write database object valid until {@link #close} is called
     */
    public SQLiteDatabase getWritableDatabase() {
        synchronized (this) {
            return getDatabaseLocked(true);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create and/or open a database.  This will be the same object returned by
     * {@link #getWritableDatabase} unless some problem, such as a full disk,
     * requires the database to be opened read-only.  In that case, a read-only
     * database object will be returned.  If the problem is fixed, a future call
     * to {@link #getWritableDatabase} may succeed, in which case the read-only
     * database object will be closed and the read/write object will be returned
     * in the future.
     *
     * <p class="caution">Like {@link #getWritableDatabase}, this method may
     * take a long time to return, so you should not call it from the
     * application main thread, including from
     * {@link android.content.ContentProvider#onCreate ContentProvider.onCreate()}.
     *
     * @throws SQLiteException if the database cannot be opened
     * @return a database object valid until {@link #getWritableDatabase}
     *     or {@link #close} is called.
     */
    public SQLiteDatabase c() {
        synchronized (this) {
            return getDatabaseLocked(false);
        }
    }
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注意到,它們最終都是調用了同一個方法,而且在該方法上加上了同步代碼塊。安全

關於getWritableDatabase,源碼當中提到了如下幾點:bash

  • 該方法是用來建立或者打開一個可讀寫的數據庫,當這個方法第一次被調用時,數據庫會被打開,而且onCreateonUpgrade或者onOpen方法可能會被調用。
  • 一旦打開成功以後,這個數據庫會被緩存,也就是其中的mDatabase成員變量,可是若是權限檢查失敗或者磁盤慢了,那麼有可能會打開失敗。
  • Upgrade方法有時候可能會執行耗時的操做,所以不要在主線程當中調用這個方法,包括ContentProvideronCreate()方法

關於getWritableDatabase,有幾點說明:多線程

  • 在除了某些特殊狀況,它和getWritableDatabase返回的同樣,都是一個可讀寫的數據庫,若是磁盤滿了,那麼纔有可能返回一個只讀的數據庫。
  • 若是當前mDatabase是隻讀的,可是以後又調用了一個getWritableDatabase方法而且成功地獲取到了可寫的數據庫,那麼原來的mDatabase會被關閉,從新打開一個可讀寫的數據庫,調用db.reopenReadWrite()方法。

下面,咱們來看一下getDatabaseLocked的具體實現,來了解其中的細節問題:併發

private SQLiteDatabase getDatabaseLocked(boolean writable) {
        if (mDatabase != null) {
            if (!mDatabase.isOpen()) {
                //若是使用者獲取了db對象,但不是經過SQLiteOpenHelper關閉它,那麼下次調用的時候會返回null。
                mDatabase = null;
            } else if (!writable || !mDatabase.isReadOnly()) {
                //若是不要求可寫或者當前緩存的數據庫已是可寫的了,那麼直接返回.
                return mDatabase;
            }
        }

        if (mIsInitializing) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("getDatabase called recursively");
        }

        SQLiteDatabase db = mDatabase;
        try {
            mIsInitializing = true;
            //若是要求可寫,可是當前緩存的是隻讀的,那麼嘗試關閉後再從新打開來獲取一個可寫的。
            if (db != null) {
                if (writable && db.isReadOnly()) {
                    db.reopenReadWrite();
                }
            //下面就是沒有緩存的狀況.
            } else if (mName == null) {
                db = SQLiteDatabase.create(null);
            //這裏就是咱們第一次調用時候的狀況.
            } else {
                try {
                    if (DEBUG_STRICT_READONLY && !writable) {
                        final String path = mContext.getDatabasePath(mName).getPath();
                        db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(path, mFactory,
                                SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READONLY, mErrorHandler);
                    } else {
                        //以可寫的方式打開或者建立一個數據庫,注意這裏有一個標誌位mEnableWriteAheadLogging,咱們後面來解釋.
                        db = mContext.openOrCreateDatabase(mName, mEnableWriteAheadLogging ?
                                Context.MODE_ENABLE_WRITE_AHEAD_LOGGING : 0,
                                mFactory, mErrorHandler);
                    }
                } catch (SQLiteException ex) {
                    //若是發生異常,而且要求可寫的,那麼直接拋出異常.
                    if (writable) {
                        throw ex;
                    }
                    Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't open " + mName
                            + " for writing (will try read-only):", ex);
                    //若是不要求可寫,那麼嘗試調用只讀的方式來打開。
                    final String path = mContext.getDatabasePath(mName).getPath();
                    db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(path, mFactory,
                            SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READONLY, mErrorHandler);
                }
            }
            //抽象方法,子類實現。
            onConfigure(db);
           
            final int version = db.getVersion();
            //若是新舊版本不想等,那麼纔會進入下面的判斷.
            if (version != mNewVersion) {
                //當前數據庫是隻讀的,那麼會拋出異常。
                if (db.isReadOnly()) {
                    throw new SQLiteException("Can't upgrade read-only database from version " +
                            db.getVersion() + " to " + mNewVersion + ": " + mName);
                }
                //開啓事務,onCreate/onDowngrade/OnUpgrade只會調用其中一個。
                db.beginTransaction();
                try {
                    if (version == 0) {
                        onCreate(db);
                    } else {
                        if (version > mNewVersion) {
                            onDowngrade(db, version, mNewVersion);
                        } else {
                            onUpgrade(db, version, mNewVersion);
                        }
                    }
                    db.setVersion(mNewVersion);
                    db.setTransactionSuccessful();
                } finally {
                    db.endTransaction();
                }
            }
            //數據庫打開完畢.
            onOpen(db);

            if (db.isReadOnly()) {
                Log.w(TAG, "Opened " + mName + " in read-only mode");
            }

            mDatabase = db;
            return db;
        } finally {
            mIsInitializing = false;
            if (db != null && db != mDatabase) {
                db.close();
            }
        }
    }
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2.2.3 onConfig/onOpen

在上面獲取數據庫的過程當中,有兩個方法:app

/**
     * Called when the database connection is being configured, to enable features
     * such as write-ahead logging or foreign key support.
     * <p>
     * This method is called before {@link #onCreate}, {@link #onUpgrade},
     * {@link #onDowngrade}, or {@link #onOpen} are called. It should not modify
     * the database except to configure the database connection as required.
     * </p><p>
     * This method should only call methods that configure the parameters of the
     * database connection, such as {@link SQLiteDatabase#enableWriteAheadLogging}
     * {@link SQLiteDatabase#setForeignKeyConstraintsEnabled},
     * {@link SQLiteDatabase#setLocale}, {@link SQLiteDatabase#setMaximumSize},
     * or executing PRAGMA statements.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param db The database.
     */
    public void onConfigure(SQLiteDatabase db) {}
    /**
     * Called when the database has been opened.  The implementation
     * should check {@link SQLiteDatabase#isReadOnly} before updating the
     * database.
     * <p>
     * This method is called after the database connection has been configured
     * and after the database schema has been created, upgraded or downgraded as necessary.
     * If the database connection must be configured in some way before the schema
     * is created, upgraded, or downgraded, do it in {@link #onConfigure} instead.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param db The database.
     */
    public void onOpen(SQLiteDatabase db) {}
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  • onConfigure:在onCreate/onUpgrade/onDowngrade調用以前,能夠在它其中來配置數據庫鏈接的參數,這時候數據庫已經建立完成,可是表有可能還沒建立,或者不是最新的。
  • onOpen:在數據庫鏈接配置完成,而且數據庫表已經更新到最新的,當咱們在這裏對數據庫進行操做時,須要判斷它是不是隻讀的。

2.2.4 onCreate/onUpgrade/onDowngrade

/**
     * Called when the database is created for the first time. This is where the
     * creation of tables and the initial population of the tables should happen.
     *
     * @param db The database.
     */
    public abstract void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db);

    /**
     * Called when the database needs to be upgraded. The implementation
     * should use this method to drop tables, add tables, or do anything else it
     * needs to upgrade to the new schema version.
     *
     * <p>
     * The SQLite ALTER TABLE documentation can be found
     * <a href="http://sqlite.org/lang_altertable.html">here</a>. If you add new columns
     * you can use ALTER TABLE to insert them into a live table. If you rename or remove columns
     * you can use ALTER TABLE to rename the old table, then create the new table and then
     * populate the new table with the contents of the old table.
     * </p><p>
     * This method executes within a transaction.  If an exception is thrown, all changes
     * will automatically be rolled back.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param db The database.
     * @param oldVersion The old database version.
     * @param newVersion The new database version.
     */
    public abstract void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion);

    /**
     * Called when the database needs to be downgraded. This is strictly similar to
     * {@link #onUpgrade} method, but is called whenever current version is newer than requested one.
     * However, this method is not abstract, so it is not mandatory for a customer to
     * implement it. If not overridden, default implementation will reject downgrade and
     * throws SQLiteException
     *
     * <p>
     * This method executes within a transaction.  If an exception is thrown, all changes
     * will automatically be rolled back.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param db The database.
     * @param oldVersion The old database version.
     * @param newVersion The new database version.
     */
    public void onDowngrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        throw new SQLiteException("Can't downgrade database from version " +
                oldVersion + " to " + newVersion);
    }
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  • onCreate原有數據庫版本爲0時調用,在裏面咱們進行剪標操做;而onUpgrade/onDowngrade則在不相等時調用,在裏面咱們對錶的字段進行更改。
  • onDowngrade的默認實現是拋出異常。
  • onUpgrade沒有默認實現。
  • 這三個操做都是放在事務當中,若是發生了錯誤,那麼會回滾。

2.2.5 關閉

/**
     * Close any open database object.
     */
    public synchronized void close() {
        if (mIsInitializing) throw new IllegalStateException("Closed during initialization");

        if (mDatabase != null && mDatabase.isOpen()) {
            mDatabase.close();
            mDatabase = null;
        }
    }
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會關閉當前緩存的數據庫,並把清空mDatabase緩存,注意這個方法也被加上了對象鎖。

3、多線程狀況下對SQLiterDBHelper的使用

  • 在多線程的狀況下,每一個線程對同一個SQLiterDBHelper實例進行操做,並不會產生影響,由於剛剛咱們看到,在獲取和關閉數據庫的方法上,都加上了對象鎖,因此最終咱們只是打開了一條到數據庫上的鏈接,這時候就轉變爲去討論SQLiteDatabase的增刪改查操做是不是線程安全的了。
  • 然而,若是每一個線程獲取SQLiteDatabase時,不是用的同一個SQLiterDBHelper,那麼實際上是打開了多個鏈接,假如經過這多個鏈接同數據庫的操做是沒有同步的話,那麼就會出現問題。

下面,咱們總結一下在多線程狀況下,可能出現問題的幾種場景:

3.1 多線程狀況下每一個線程建立一個SQLiteOpenHelper,而且以前沒有建立過關聯的db

/**
     * 多線程同時建立,每一個線程持有一個SQLiteOpenHelper
     * @param view
     */
    public void multiOnCreate(View view) {
        int threadCount = 50;
        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            Thread thread = new Thread() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    MultiThreadDBHelper dbHelper = new MultiThreadDBHelper(MainActivity.this);
                    SQLiteDatabase database = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
                    ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues(1);
                    contentValues.put(MultiThreadDBContract.TABLE_KEY_VALUE.COLUMN_KEY, "thread_id");
                    contentValues.put(MultiThreadDBContract.TABLE_KEY_VALUE.COLUMN_VALUE, String.valueOf(Thread.currentThread().getId()));
                    database.insert(MultiThreadDBContract.TABLE_KEY_VALUE.TABLE_NAME, null, contentValues);
                }
            };
            thread.start();
        }
    }
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在上面這種狀況下,因爲多個線程的getWritableDatabase沒有進行同步操做,而且這時候手機裏面沒有對應的數據庫,那麼就有可能出現下面的狀況:

  • Thread#1調用getWritableDatabase,在其中獲取數據庫的版本號爲0,所以它調用onCreate建表,建表完成。
  • Thread#1建表完成,可是尚未來得及給數據庫設置版本號時,Thread#2也調用了getWritableDatabase,在其中它獲取數據庫版本號也是0,所以也執行了onCreate操做,那麼這時候就會出現對一個數據庫屢次創建同一張表的狀況發生。

3.2 多線程狀況下每一個線程建立一個SQLiteOpenHelper,同時對關聯的db進行寫入操做

/**
     * 多個線程同時寫入,每一個線程持有一個SQLiteOpenHelper
     * @param view
     */
    public void multiWriteUseMultiDBHelper(View view) {
        MultiThreadDBHelper init = new MultiThreadDBHelper(MainActivity.this);
        SQLiteDatabase database = init.getWritableDatabase();
        database.close();
        int threadCount = 10;
        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            Thread thread = new Thread() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    MultiThreadDBHelper dbHelper = new MultiThreadDBHelper(MainActivity.this);
                    SQLiteDatabase database = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
                    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                        ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues(1);
                        contentValues.put(MultiThreadDBContract.TABLE_KEY_VALUE.COLUMN_KEY, "thread_id");
                        contentValues.put(MultiThreadDBContract.TABLE_KEY_VALUE.COLUMN_VALUE, String.valueOf(Thread.currentThread().getId()) + "_" + i);
                        database.insert(MultiThreadDBContract.TABLE_KEY_VALUE.TABLE_NAME, null, contentValues);
                    }
                }
            };
            thread.start();
        }
    }
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假如咱們啓動了多個線程,而且在每一個線程中新建了SQLiteOpenHelper實例,那麼當它們調用各自的getWritableDatabase方法時,實際上是對手機中的db創建了多個數據庫鏈接,當經過多個數據庫鏈接同時對db進行寫入,那麼會拋出下面的異常:

3.13.2咱們就能夠看出,在多線程的狀況下,每一個線程新建一個 SQLiteOpenHelper會出現問題,所以,咱們儘可能把它設計爲單例的模式,那麼是否是多個線程持有同一個 SQLiteOpenHelper實例就不會出現問題呢,其實並否則,咱們看一下下面這些共用同一個 SQLiteOpenHelper的情形。

3.3 多線程狀況下全部線程共用一個SQLiteOpenHelper,其中一個線程調用了close方法

/**
     * 多線程下共用一個SQLiteOpenHelper
     * @param view
     */
    public void multiCloseUseOneDBHelper(View view) {
        final MultiThreadDBHelper init = new MultiThreadDBHelper(MainActivity.this);
        final SQLiteDatabase database = init.getWritableDatabase();
        database.close();
        Thread thread1 = new Thread() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                SQLiteDatabase database = init.getWritableDatabase();
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    Log.e("MainActivity", "e=" + e);
                }
                ContentValues contentValues = new Conten;
                contentValues.put(MultiThreadDBContract.TABLE_KEY_VALUE.COLUMN_KEY, "thread_id");
                contentValues.put(MultiThreadDBContract.TABLE_KEY_VALUE.COLUMN_VALUE, String.valueOf(Thread.currentThread().getId()));
                //因爲Thread2已經關閉了數據庫,所以這裏再調用插入操做就會出現問題。
                database.insert(MultiThreadDBContract.TABLE_KEY_VALUE.TABLE_NAME, null, contentValues);
            }
        };
        thread1.start();
        Thread thread2 = new Thread() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    Log.e("MainActivity", "e=" + e);
                }
                init.close();
            }
        };
        thread2.start();
    }
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3.4 多線程狀況下全部線程共用一個SQLiteOpenHelper,在寫的過程當中同時讀

因爲是共用了同一個SQLiteOpenHelper,所以咱們須要考慮的是對於同一個SQLiteDatabase鏈接,是否容許讀寫併發,默認狀況下是不容許的,可是,咱們能夠經過SQLiteOpenHelper#setWriteAheadLoggingEnabled,這個配置默認是關的,當開啓時表示:它容許一個寫線程與多個讀線程同時在一個SQLiteDatabase上起做用。實現原理是寫操做實際上是在一個單獨的文件,不是原數據庫文件。因此寫在執行時,不會影響讀操做,讀操做讀的是原數據文件,是寫操做開始以前的內容。在寫操做執行成功後,會把修改合併會原數據庫文件。此時讀操做才能讀到修改後的內容。可是這樣將花費更多的內存。

4、解決多線程的例子

工廠類負責根據dbName建立對應的SQLiteOpenHelper

public abstract class DBHelperFactory {
    public abstract SQLiteOpenHelper createDBHelper(String dbName);
}
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經過管理類來插入指定數據庫指定表

public class DBHelperManager {

    private HashMap<String, SQLiteOpenHelperWrapper> mDBHelperWrappers;
    private DBHelperFactory mDBHelperFactory;

    static class Nested {
        public static DBHelperManager sInstance = new DBHelperManager();
    }

    public static DBHelperManager getInstance() {
        return Nested.sInstance;
    }

    private DBHelperManager() {
        mDBHelperWrappers = new HashMap<>();
    }

    public void setDBHelperFactory(DBHelperFactory dbHelperFactory) {
        mDBHelperFactory = dbHelperFactory;
    }

    private synchronized SQLiteOpenHelperWrapper getSQLiteDBHelperWrapper(String dbName) {
        SQLiteOpenHelperWrapper wrapper = mDBHelperWrappers.get(dbName);
        if (wrapper == null) {
            if (mDBHelperFactory != null) {
                SQLiteOpenHelper dbHelper = mDBHelperFactory.createDBHelper(dbName);
                if (dbHelper != null) {
                    SQLiteOpenHelperWrapper newWrapper = new SQLiteOpenHelperWrapper();
                    newWrapper.mSQLiteOpenHelper = dbHelper;
                    newWrapper.mSQLiteOpenHelper.setWriteAheadLoggingEnabled(true);
                    mDBHelperWrappers.put(dbName, newWrapper);
                    wrapper = newWrapper;
                }
            }
        }
        return wrapper;
    }

    private synchronized SQLiteDatabase getReadableDatabase(String dbName) {
        SQLiteOpenHelperWrapper wrapper = getSQLiteDBHelperWrapper(dbName);
        if (wrapper != null && wrapper.mSQLiteOpenHelper != null) {
            return wrapper.mSQLiteOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    private synchronized SQLiteDatabase getWritableDatabase(String dbName) {
        SQLiteOpenHelperWrapper wrapper = getSQLiteDBHelperWrapper(dbName);
        if (wrapper != null && wrapper.mSQLiteOpenHelper != null) {
            return wrapper.mSQLiteOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    private class SQLiteOpenHelperWrapper {
        public SQLiteOpenHelper mSQLiteOpenHelper;
    }

    public long insert(String dbName, String tableName, String nullColumn, ContentValues contentValues) {
        SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase(dbName);
        if (db != null) {
            return db.insert(tableName, nullColumn, contentValues);
        }
        return -1;
    }

    public Cursor query(String dbName, String table, String[] columns, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String groupBy, String having, String orderBy) {
        SQLiteDatabase db = getReadableDatabase(dbName);
        if (db != null) {
            return db.query(table, columns, selection, selectionArgs, groupBy, having, orderBy);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public int update(String dbName, String table, ContentValues values, String whereClause, String[] whereArgs) {
        SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase(dbName);
        if (db != null) {
            return db.update(table, values, whereClause, whereArgs);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    public int delete(String dbName, String table, String whereClause, String[] whereArgs) {
        SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase(dbName);
        if (db != null) {
            return db.delete(table, whereClause, whereArgs);
        }
        return 0;
    }

}
複製代碼

多線程插入的方式改成下面這樣:

public void multiWriteUseManager(View view) {
        int threadCount = 10;
        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            Thread thread = new Thread() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                        ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues(1);
                        contentValues.put(MultiThreadDBContract.TABLE_KEY_VALUE.COLUMN_KEY, "thread_id");
                        contentValues.put(MultiThreadDBContract.TABLE_KEY_VALUE.COLUMN_VALUE, String.valueOf(Thread.currentThread().getId()) + "_" + i);
                        DBHelperManager.getInstance().insert(MultiThreadDBContract.DATABASE_NAME, MultiThreadDBContract.TABLE_KEY_VALUE.TABLE_NAME, null, contentValues);
                    }
                }
            };
            thread.start();
        }
    }
複製代碼

5、小結

這篇文章主要介紹的是SQLiteOpenHelper,須要注意如下三點:

  • 不要在多線程狀況且沒有進行線程同步的狀況下,操做由不一樣的SQLiteOpenHelper對象所返回的SQLiteDatabase
  • 在多線程共用一個SQLiteOpenHelper時,須要注意關閉時,是否有其它線程正在使用該Helper所關聯的db
  • 在多線程共用一個SQLiteOpenHelper時,是否有同時讀寫的需求,若是有,那麼須要設置setWriteAheadLoggingEnabled標誌位。

對於SQLiteDatabase,還有更多的優化操做,當咱們有關數據庫的錯誤時,咱們均可以根據錯誤碼,在下面的網站當中找到說明:

https://www.sqlite.org/rescode.html

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