Docker基本操做

時間 2019-11-24

標籤 docker 基本欄目 Docker 简体版

原文原文鏈接

####查看到docker是否正常運行 ######docker infopython

wangande@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker info 
Containers: 82
Images: 37
Server Version: 1.9.1
Storage Driver: aufs
 Root Dir: /var/lib/docker/aufs
 Backing Filesystem: extfs
 Dirs: 201
 Dirperm1 Supported: false
Execution Driver: native-0.2
Logging Driver: json-file
Kernel Version: 3.13.0-32-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 986.8 MiB
Name: ubuntu
ID: SZML:DAOQ:6BT5:4QJP:KQSX:NBXL:KBQG:HUF5:CVKQ:LIVI:V55U:24BH

返回全部docker全部容器和鏡像的數量，docker使用的執行驅動和存儲驅動，以及docker的基本配置docker 是一個客戶端——服務器框架，它有一個docker程序，既能做爲客戶端，也能做爲服務器端。做爲客戶端時，docker程序向Docker守護進程發送請求（如請求返回守護進程自身的信息），而後再對請求結果進行處理git

####列出鏡像 ######docker imagesgithub

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~$ sudo docker images 
REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
andrew-site                   v1.0.0              4e51341b8ec2        4 months ago        628 MB
my                            v2                  f8fc45357f55        4 months ago        504.1 MB

鏡像從倉庫下載下來，鏡像保存在倉庫中，倉庫存在於Registry，默認的Registry是由docker公司運營的Registry服務，即docker hubweb

本地鏡像保存在docker宿主機的/var/lib/docker目錄下，每一個鏡像都保存在docker所採用的存儲驅動下，如aufs或devicemapper，在/var/lib/docker/containers目錄下能夠看到全部的容器docker

####拉取鏡像 ######docker pull ${鏡像名}shell

docker會從鏡像倉庫中搜索相關鏡像，若是找到，則下載相關鏡像json

####查找鏡像 ######docker search ${鏡像名}bootstrap

wangande@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker search ubuntu
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
ubuntu                            Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s...   4629      [OK]       
ubuntu-upstart                    Upstart is an event-based replacement for ...   66        [OK]       
rastasheep/ubuntu-sshd            Dockerized SSH service, built on top of of...   37                   [OK]
torusware/speedus-ubuntu          Always updated official Ubuntu docker imag...   27                   [OK]
ubuntu-debootstrap                debootstrap --variant=minbase --components...   25        [OK]       
nickistre/ubuntu-lamp             LAMP server on Ubuntu                           8                    [OK]
nuagebec/ubuntu                   Simple always updated Ubuntu docker images...   8                    [OK]
nickistre/ubuntu-lamp-wordpress   LAMP on Ubuntu with wp-cli installed            6                    [OK]
nimmis/ubuntu                     This is a docker images different LTS vers...   5                    [OK]
maxexcloo/ubuntu                  Base image built on Ubuntu with init, Supe...   2                    [OK]
darksheer/ubuntu                  Base Ubuntu Image -- Updated hourly             1                    [OK]
admiringworm/ubuntu               Base ubuntu images based on the official u...   1                    [OK]
jordi/ubuntu                      Ubuntu Base Image                               1                    [OK]
datenbetrieb/ubuntu               custom flavor of the official ubuntu base ...   0                    [OK]
lynxtp/ubuntu                     https://github.com/lynxtp/docker-ubuntu         0                    [OK]
dorapro/ubuntu                    ubuntu image                                    0                    [OK]
webhippie/ubuntu                  Docker images for ubuntu                        0                    [OK]
croscon/ubuntu                    Crosconized Ubuntu                              0                    [OK]
life360/ubuntu                    Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s...   0                    [OK]
esycat/ubuntu                     Ubuntu LTS                                      0                    [OK]
widerplan/ubuntu                  Our basic Ubuntu images.                        0                    [OK]
teamrock/ubuntu                   TeamRock's Ubuntu image configured with AW...   0                    [OK]
ustclug/ubuntu                    ubuntu image for docker with USTC mirror        0                    [OK]
konstruktoid/ubuntu               Ubuntu base image                               0                    [OK]
smartentry/ubuntu                 ubuntu with smartentry                          0                    [OK]
wangande@ubuntu:~$

在docker hub上查找全部的ubuntu鏡像ubuntu

返回信息bash

倉庫名

鏡像描述

用戶評價(Stars)——反應出一個鏡像的受歡迎程度

是否官方(Official)

自動構建(Automated)——表示這個鏡像是由Docker Hub的自動構建的

####運行容器 ######docker run -i -t ${鏡像名}: ${tag} /bin/bash

一、告訴docker執行docker run命令

二、-i保證容器中的STDIN是開啓的（持久化輸入是shell的半邊天）

三、-t告訴容器要爲其分配一個僞TTY終端（shell的另外半邊天）

注：能夠使用docker help run 或者man docker run 查看相關標誌參數

四、基於andrew-site:v1.0.0鏡像建立容器

五、docker在新容器中運行/bin/bash命令，啓動一個Bash shell

過程：

（1）docker首先檢查本地是否存在andrew-site:v1.0.0鏡像，若是本地沒有該鏡像的話，那麼docker就會鏈接到Registry，查看是否存在該鏡像

（2）docker一旦找到該鏡像，就會下載該鏡像並將其保存到本地宿主機中

（3）隨後，docker在文件系統內部有這個鏡像建立一個新容器，該容器擁有本身的網絡，IP地址，以及一個用來和宿主機通訊的橋接網絡接口

（4）最後告訴docker在新容器中運行/bin/bash命令，啓動一個Bash shell

####容器命名 docker會爲咱們建立的每個容器自動生成一個隨機的名稱，如 adoring_hopper 若是想爲容器指定一個名稱，能夠使用--name標誌來實現

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker run --name name_test -i -t andrew-site:v1.0.0 /bin/bash
root@6eab7fdaab3e:/andrewSite#

上述命令會建立一個名爲name_test 的容器，合法的命名包含如下字符：小寫字母a-z，大寫字母A-Z，數字0-9，下劃線、圓點、橫線

正則[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]

容器的命名必須是惟一的。若是咱們建立2個名稱相同的容器，則命名將會失敗

####從新啓動已中止的容器 ######docker start ${容器名稱}/${容器iD}

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker start name_test
name_test

也能夠使用 ######docker restart ${容器名稱}/${容器iD}

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker restart name_test
name_test

####附着到容器上 ######docker attach ${容器名稱}/${容器iD}

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker attach name_test
root@6eab7fdaab3e:/andrewSite#

####建立守護進程式的容器 ######docker run -d ${鏡像名}: ${tag}

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker run --name daemon_test -d andrew-site:v1.0.0
991c0927c9b1cb1fb51e34a1ae0cd364dbbadd47d9a5687c7db7363c5170d777
wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
991c0927c9b1        andrew-site:v1.0.0   "/bin/sh -c 'python /"   7 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds        80/tcp              daemon_test

-d 將容器保持在後臺運行（前提容器里程序不能退出）

####查看容器運行日誌 ######docker logs ${容器名稱}/${容器iD}

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker logs daemon_test
[E 160906 07:40:16 services_start:33] current server address: 172.17.0.2:80
[I 160906 07:40:16 locale:140] Supported locales: ['en_US', 'ja_JP', 'zh_CN']

docker 會輸出最後幾條日誌項並返回，也能夠使用-f參數監控docker日誌，與tail -f 命令類似 ######docker logs -f ${容器名稱}/${容器iD}

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker logs -f daemon_test
[E 160906 07:40:16 services_start:33] current server address: 172.17.0.2:80
[I 160906 07:40:16 locale:140] Supported locales: ['en_US', 'ja_JP', 'zh_CN']

也能夠跟蹤容器日誌的某一片斷，只須要在tail 後面加入-f --lines

如：（1）docker logs --tail 10 -f ${容器名稱}/${容器iD} 獲取日誌的最後十行

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker logs --tail 10 -f daemon_test
[I 160906 07:40:16 locale:140] Supported locales: ['en_US', 'ja_JP', 'zh_CN']

（2）docker logs --tail 0 -f ${容器名稱}/${容器iD} 跟蹤容器的最新日誌

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker logs --tail 0 -f daemon_test
``` 

爲了調試更簡單，咱們還能夠使用-t標誌爲每條日誌項加上時間戳

######docker logs -ft  ${容器名稱}/${容器iD}

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker logs -ft daemon_test 2016-09-06T07:40:16.712357005Z [E 160906 07:40:16 services_start:33] current server address: 172.17.0.2:80 2016-09-06T07:40:16.731046798Z [I 160906 07:40:16 locale:140] Supported locales: ['en_US', 'ja_JP', 'zh_CN']

####查看容器內的進程
######docker top  ${容器名稱}/${容器iD}

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker top daemon_test UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 13815 1508 0 15:40 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c python /andrewSite/manage.py --port=80 root 13825 13815 0 15:40 ? 00:00:00 python /andrewSite/manage.py --port=80

####在容器內部運行進程

一、在容器內部運行後臺進程
######docker exec -d  ${容器名稱}/${容器iD} touch /tmp/new_file

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker exec -d daemon_test touch /tmp/new_file wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$

二、在容器內部運行交互命令
######docker exec -i -t  ${容器名稱}/${容器iD} /bin/bash

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker exec -i -t daemon_test /bin/bash root@991c0927c9b1:/andrewSite#

####中止守護式容器
######docker stop  ${容器名稱}/${容器iD}

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker stop daemon_test daemon_test

注：docker stop 命令會向容器進程發送SIGTERM信號，若是想快速中止能夠使用docker kill發送SIGKILL信號

####查看容器
######docker ps （顯示正在運行的docker）

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 991c0927c9b1 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 9 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp daemon_test

######docker ps -a (顯示全部docker，包括已退出)

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 991c0927c9b1 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 9 minutes ago Up 18 seconds 80/tcp daemon_test 6eab7fdaab3e andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/bash" 25 minutes ago Exited (0) 15 minutes ago name_test 1e700c32e95c i71:5000/isee-video-yixun:v4.1.5.30 "/bin/bash" 10 weeks ago Exited (0) 9 weeks ago desperate_mccarthy 9166129e6105 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 11 weeks ago Exited (137) 11 weeks ago daemon1 229d18a74ec5 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "-d -p 20000:80" 11 weeks ago Created daemon 5affe32960c7 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/bash" 12 weeks ago Exited (0) 12 weeks ago my_name_test 5dc39a01d48b i71:5000/isee-file "/bin/bash" 12 weeks ago Exited (0) 12 weeks ago adoring_hopper c30c288cccc2 i71:5000/isee-file "/bin/bash" 12 weeks ago Exited (0) 12 weeks ago evil_lichterman 73b7a25539f0 i71:5000/isee-resize "ImageCompress /bin/b" 12 weeks ago Exited (1) 12 weeks ago backstabbing_albattani 04549918fcb4 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/bash" 3 months ago Exited (0) 12 weeks ago serene_lalande c89e85466d2f andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 3 months ago Exited (1) 3 months ago clever_kalam fbe4e3780598 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/bash" 3 months ago Exited (130) 3 months ago test-site 0e1a8ff5c52c andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/bash" 4 months ago Exited (0) 4 months ago big_dijkstra da0b188806a8 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/bash" 4 months ago Exited (130) 4 months ago jovial_lamarr 98d97845c3d7 i71:5000/isee-sms-yixun:v4.1.4.55 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 4 months ago Exited (137) 4 months ago stoic_rosalind 7b6b75db6d8d andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 4 months ago Exited (137) 4 months ago elated_pasteur 6a3ee17b8f5b andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 4 months ago Created goofy_thompson 98d6fec1de29 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 4 months ago Created nostalgic_swanson c96bce8edcae andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 4 months ago Created gloomy_goldberg edbb85621f6e andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 4 months ago Created stupefied_heisenberg 314d7a7d7fac andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 4 months ago Exited (137) 4 months ago serene_pike 27cb093780b1 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'p

######docker ps -l （顯示最後一個）

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker ps -l CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 991c0927c9b1 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 9 minutes ago Up 39 seconds 80/tcp daemon_test

######docker ps -n  x(顯示最後x個容器)

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker ps -n 5 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 991c0927c9b1 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 10 minutes ago Up About a minute 80/tcp daemon_test 6eab7fdaab3e andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/bash" 26 minutes ago Exited (0) 16 minutes ago name_test 1e700c32e95c i71:5000/isee-video-yixun:v4.1.5.30 "/bin/bash" 10 weeks ago Exited (0) 9 weeks ago desperate_mccarthy 9166129e6105 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "/bin/sh -c 'python /" 11 weeks ago Exited (137) 11 weeks ago daemon1 229d18a74ec5 andrew-site:v1.0.0 "-d -p 20000:80" 11 weeks ago Created daemon wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$

####自動重啓docker

因爲某種錯誤致使容器中止運行，能夠經過--restart 標誌，讓docker自動重啓。

--restart 標誌會檢查容器的退出代碼，並根據此來決定是否重啓容器，默認docker不會重啓容器

sudo docker run --restart=always --name daemon_test andrew-site:v1.0.0

--restart 被設置爲always,不管退出代碼是什麼都會重啓

還能夠將標誌設置爲on-failure 這樣當容器退出代碼爲非0時，纔會自動重啓

on-failure還能夠接受可選的重啓次數如：--restart=on-failure:5

####深刻容器

除了經過docker ps ，還能夠經過docker inspect獲取更多的容器信息

######docker inspect  ${容器名稱}/${容器iD}

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker inspect daemon_test [ { "Id": "991c0927c9b1cb1fb51e34a1ae0cd364dbbadd47d9a5687c7db7363c5170d777", "Created": "2016-09-06T07:40:16.363206933Z", "Path": "/bin/sh", "Args": [ "-c", "python /andrewSite/manage.py --port=80" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 14068, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2016-09-06T07:49:33.647550223Z", "FinishedAt": "2016-09-06T07:48:47.666181288Z" }, "Image": "4e51341b8ec2db42cf656162884972c58f07ea29cdcbda10696db11984c65191", .......................... } ]

經過-f 或者--format選定查看結果

######docker inspect -f='{{.State.Running}}'  ${容器名稱}/${容器iD}

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker inspect -f='{{.State.Running}}' daemon_test true

返回容器的運行狀態

######docker inspect --format '{{.Name}} {{.State.Running}}'  ${容器名稱}/${容器iD}  ${容器名稱}/${容器iD}

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker inspect --format '{{.Name}} {{.State.Running}}' daemon_test name_test /daemon_test true /name_test false

同時指定多個容器，並顯示每一個容器的輸出結果

####刪除容器

若是容器不使用咱們能夠使用docker rm命令刪除它們

######docker rm  ${容器名稱}/${容器iD}

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker rm 9166129e6105 9166129e6105

注：運行中的容器沒法刪除，必須使用docker stop 或者docker kill命令中止容器

wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker rm 991c0927c9b1 Error response from daemon: Conflict, You cannot remove a running container. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f Error: failed to remove containers: [991c0927c9b1] wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker stop 991c0927c9b1 991c0927c9b1 wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ wangande@wangande-MS-7808:~/python-workspace/web-site$ sudo docker rm 991c0927c9b1 991c0927c9b1

目前尚未一次刪除全部容器的命令，不過能夠經過以下代碼刪除

sudo docker rm docker ps -a -q

-a 列出全部容器

-q 表示只返回容器的ID而不返回容器的其它信息

這樣咱們就能夠獲得容器的列表，並傳給docker rm命令，達到刪除全部容器目的

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