mysql多實例介紹及配置

mysql多實例介紹及配置

一、mysql多實例介紹

1.1 什麼是mysql多實例

mysql多實例就是在一臺機器上開啓多個不一樣的服務端口（如：3306,3307），運行多個MySQL服務進程，經過不一樣的socket監聽不一樣的服務端口來提供各自的服務:；

1.2 mysql多實例的特色有如下幾點

1：有效利用服務器資源，當單個服務器資源有剩餘時，能夠充分利用剩餘的資源提供更多的服務。

2：節約服務器資源

3：資源互相搶佔問題，當某個服務實例服務併發很高時或者開啓慢查詢時，會消耗更多的內存、CPU、磁盤IO資源，致使服務器上的其餘實例提供服務的質量降低；

1.3 部署mysql多實例的兩種方式

第一種是使用多個配置文件啓動不一樣的進程來實現多實例，這種方式的優點邏輯簡單，配置簡單，缺點是管理起來不太方便；

第二種是經過官方自帶的mysqld_multi使用單獨的配置文件來實現多實例，這種方式定製每一個實例的配置不太方面，優勢是管理起來很方便，集中管理；

1.4 同一開發環境下安裝兩個數據庫，必須處理如下問題

配置文件安裝路徑不能相同

數據庫目錄不能相同

啓動腳本不能同名

端口不能相同

socket文件的生成路徑不能相同

 

二、mysqld_multi配置mysql多實例

在進行此操做前已經編譯安裝好了mysql，安裝位置在/application/mysql/下

2.1 初始化數據目錄

 

mkdir /usr/local/var -p

/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/var/mysql1 --user=mysql

/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/var/mysql2 --user=mysql

/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/var/mysql3 --user=mysql

/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/var/mysql4 --user=mysql

 

修改受權

 

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/var/mysql*

 

2.2 配置多實例啓動腳本

cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/

#修改basedir和bindir爲安裝路徑

basedir=/application/mysql

bindir=/application/mysql/bin

 

2.3 配置多實例數據庫配置文件

在/etc/目錄下建立建立文件/etc/mysqld_multi.cnf，內容以下

[mysqld_multi]

mysqld = /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

mysqladmin = /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

#user = mysql

#password = my_password

 

[mysqld1]

socket = /usr/local/var/mysql1/mysql1.sock

port = 3306

pid-file = /usr/local/var/mysql1/mysql1.pid

datadir = /usr/local/var/mysql1

#language = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/english

user = mysql

 

[mysqld2]

socket = /usr/local/var/mysql2/mysql2.sock

port = 3307

pid-file = /usr/local/var/mysql2/mysql2.pid

datadir = /usr/local/var/mysql2

#language = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/english

user = mysql

 

[mysqld3]

socket = /usr/local/var/mysql3/mysql3.sock

port = 3308

pid-file = /usr/local/var/mysql3/mysql3.pid

datadir = /usr/local/var/mysql3

#language = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/english

user = mysql

 

[mysqld4]

socket = /usr/local/var/mysql4/mysql4.sock

port = 3309

pid-file = /usr/local/var/mysql4/mysql4.pid

datadir = /usr/local/var/mysql4

#language = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/english

user = mysql

 

2.4 啓動多實例數據庫

mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/mysqld_multi.cnf start

#啓動或中止具體某一個實例可在start、stop後面加上具體數據1,2,3等

mysqld_multi進行多實例管理

啓動所有實例：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/mysqld_multi.cnf start

查看所有實例狀態：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report

啓動單個實例：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/mysqld_multi.cnf start 3306

中止單個實例：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/mysqld_multi.cnf stop 3306

查看單個實例狀態：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/mysqld_multi.cnf report 3306

檢查

[root@db02 ~]# netstat -lntup

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5016/mysqld

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5026/mysqld

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3308 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5036/mysqld

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3309 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5042/mysqld

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1317/sshd

tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1317/sshd

 

2.5 登陸相應數據庫

#進入端口爲3306的數據庫

mysql -uroot -p -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 ####密碼爲空

或者

mysql -S /usr/local/var/mysql1/mysql1.sock

 

三、多配置文件實現MySQL多實例

在進行此操做前已經編譯安裝好了mysql，安裝位置在/application/mysql/下

3.1 建立目錄和配置文件

mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}/data

vim /data/3306/my.cnf

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock

 

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

 

[mysqld]

user = mysql

port = 3306

socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock

basedir = /application/mysql

datadir = /data/3306/data

pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid

log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin

relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin

relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info

server-id = 1

 

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/data/3306/mysql_3306.err

pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid

 

3.2 建立啓動腳本

vim /data/3306/mysql

#!/bin/sh

 

#init

port=3306

CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"

mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"

#startup function

function_start_mysql()

{

if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then

printf "Starting MySQL...\n"

/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &

else

printf "MySQL is running...\n"

exit

fi

}

 

#stop function

function_stop_mysql()

{

if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then

printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"

exit

else

printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"

${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown

fi

}

 

#restart function

function_restart_mysql()

{

printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"

function_stop_mysql

sleep 2

function_start_mysql

}

 

case $1 in

start)

function_start_mysql

;;

stop)

function_stop_mysql

;;

restart)

function_restart_mysql

;;

*)

printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"

esac

 

3.4 增長3307實例

sed 's#3306#3307#g;s#server-id = 1#server-id = 3#g' /data/3306/my.cnf >/data/3307/my.cnf

sed 's#3306#3307#g' /data/3306/mysql >/data/3307/mysql

 

3.5 修改權限

chown -R mysql.mysql /data

chmod +x /data/{3306,3307}/mysql

 

3.6 初始化

/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data

/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data

 

3.7 啓動

/data/3306/mysql start

/data/3307/mysql start

啓動的時候報錯

[root@db01 ~]# 180707 16:30:54 mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/data/3306/mysql_3306.err', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.

手動建立文件並受權，再次啓動成功

touch /data/3306/mysql_3306.err

chown mysql:mysql /data/3306/mysql_3306.err

檢查

[root@db01 ~]# netstat -lntup|grep mysql

tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 2023/mysqld

tcp6 0 0 :::3307 :::* LISTEN 2505/mysqld

 

3.8 初始化密碼登陸

mysqladmin -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock password '123456'

mysqladmin -uroot -S /data/3307/mysql.sock password '123456'

 

 

參考來源：

http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-yojoeuat-o.html

http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-wurlcbps-dx.html

https://blog.csdn.net/clevercode/article/details/47659457