platform總線是一種虛擬的總線,相應的設備則爲platform_device,而驅動則爲platform_driver。Linux 2.6的設備驅動模型中,把I2C、RTC、LCD等都概括爲platform_device。app
總線將設備和驅動綁定,在系統每註冊一個設備的時候,會尋找與之匹配的驅動;相反的,在系統每註冊一個驅動的時候,會尋找與之匹配的設備,而匹配由總線完成。框架
Linux2.6系統中定義了一個bus_type的實例platform_bus_type函數
- struct bus_type platform_bus_type = {
- .name = "platform",
- .dev_attrs = platform_dev_attrs,
- .match = platform_match,
- .uevent = platform_uevent,
- .pm = PLATFORM_PM_OPS_PTR,
- };
- static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
- {
- struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
- struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);
-
-
- if (pdrv->id_table)
- return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL;
-
-
- return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0);
- }
platform_match函數首先判斷是否由id_table,若是有則使用id_table來進行匹配,不然,判斷platform_device和platform_driver成員裏的name,若是兩者的name字段相同則匹配,若是匹配則調用platform_driver的probe函數。
platform_device結構體的定義oop
- struct platform_device {
- const char * name;
- int id;
- struct device dev;
- u32 num_resources;
- struct resource * resource;
-
- struct platform_device_id *id_entry;
- };
其中有個重要的成員是resource,是設備的資源信息,如IO地址,中斷號等。ui
- struct resource {
- resource_size_t start;
- resource_size_t end;
- const char *name;
- unsigned long flags;
- struct resource *parent, *sibling, *child;
- };
有的設備可能有多個資源,一般使用platform_get_resource函數來獲取資源this
- struct resource *platform_get_resource(struct platform_device *dev,
- unsigned int type, unsigned int num)
- {
- int i;
-
- for (i = 0; i < dev->num_resources; i++) {
- struct resource *r = &dev->resource[i];
-
- if (type == resource_type(r) && num-- == 0)
- return r;
- }
- return NULL;
- }
平臺設備的註冊,使用platform_device_register函數spa
- int platform_device_register(struct platform_device *pdev)
- {
- device_initialize(&pdev->dev);
- return platform_device_add(pdev);
- }
platform_device_register函數先經過device_initialize函數初始化platform_device的device成員,而後調用platform_device_add向內核添加一個平臺設備。.net
- int platform_device_add(struct platform_device *pdev)
- {
- int i, ret = 0;
-
- if (!pdev)
- return -EINVAL;
-
-
- if (!pdev->dev.parent)
- pdev->dev.parent = &platform_bus;
-
- pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type;
-
- if (pdev->id != -1)
- dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s.%d", pdev->name, pdev->id);
- else
- dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, pdev->name);
-
- for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {
- struct resource *p, *r = &pdev->resource[i];
-
- if (r->name == NULL)
- r->name = dev_name(&pdev->dev);
-
- p = r->parent;
- if (!p) {
- if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_MEM)
- p = &iomem_resource;
- else if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_IO)
- p = &ioport_resource;
- }
-
- if (p && insert_resource(p, r)) {
- printk(KERN_ERR
- "%s: failed to claim resource %d\n",
- dev_name(&pdev->dev), i);
- ret = -EBUSY;
- goto failed;
- }
- }
-
- pr_debug("Registering platform device '%s'. Parent at %s\n",
- dev_name(&pdev->dev), dev_name(pdev->dev.parent));
-
-
- ret = device_add(&pdev->dev);
- if (ret == 0)
- return ret;
-
- failed:
- while (--i >= 0) {
- struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];
- unsigned long type = resource_type(r);
-
- if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)
- release_resource(r);
- }
-
- return ret;
- }
platform_device_add最終調用device_add來完成平臺設備的註冊。debug
相反地,若是要註銷平臺設備則使用platform_device_unregister函數code
- void platform_device_unregister(struct platform_device *pdev)
- {
- platform_device_del(pdev);
- platform_device_put(pdev);
- }
platform_device_unregister函數調用platform_device_del函數來註銷平臺設備
- void platform_device_del(struct platform_device *pdev)
- {
- int i;
-
- if (pdev) {
- device_del(&pdev->dev);
-
- for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {
- struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];
- unsigned long type = resource_type(r);
-
- if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)
- release_resource(r);
- }
- }
- }
platform_device_del函數調用device_del函數來刪除平臺設備,相應地,要釋放資源應調用release_resource函數,前提是資源的類型必須爲IORESOURCE_MEM或者IORESOURCE_IO
platform_driver的定義:
- struct platform_driver {
- int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);
- int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);
- void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);
- int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);
- int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);
- struct device_driver driver;
- const struct platform_device_id *id_table;
- };
device_driver的定義:
- struct device_driver {
- const char *name;
- struct bus_type *bus;
-
- struct module *owner;
- const char *mod_name;
-
- bool suppress_bind_attrs;
-
- const struct of_device_id *of_match_table;
- const struct acpi_device_id *acpi_match_table;
-
- int (*probe) (struct device *dev);
- int (*remove) (struct device *dev);
- void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev);
- int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
- int (*resume) (struct device *dev);
- const struct attribute_group **groups;
-
- const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
-
- struct driver_private *p;
- };
platform_driver結構體有device_driver成員,該成員的各自字段如上所示,device_driver也有probe、remove、shutdown等函數,在平臺驅動註冊的時候被初始化。
前面說過,當系統中存在有平臺設備和平臺驅動經過總線的match函數匹配後則會調用platform_driver的probe函數,參數爲platform_device,有時候也經過id_table來判斷是否匹配。
- struct platform_device_id {
- char name[PLATFORM_NAME_SIZE];
- kernel_ulong_t driver_data
- __attribute__((aligned(sizeof(kernel_ulong_t))));
- };
平臺驅動的註冊使用platform_driver_register函數
- int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv)
- {
- drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;
- if (drv->probe)
- drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;
- if (drv->remove)
- drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;
- if (drv->shutdown)
- drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;
- if (drv->suspend)
- drv->driver.suspend = platform_drv_suspend;
- if (drv->resume)
- drv->driver.resume = platform_drv_resume;
- return driver_register(&drv->driver);
- }
先初始化platform_driver裏的driver,該driver的類型爲device_driver,設置driver的bus爲platform_bus_type;設置driver的probe爲platform_drv_probe;設置driver的remove爲platform_drv_remove;設置driver的shutdown爲platform_drv_shutdown;設置driver的suspend爲platform_drv_suspend;設置driver的resume爲platform_drv_resume,最後調用driver_register函數來註冊平臺驅動。
相反地,要註銷平臺驅動的話,使用platform_driver_unregister函數
- void platform_driver_unregister(struct platform_driver *drv)
- {
- driver_unregister(&drv->driver);
- }
附韋老師總結的bus_drv_dev模型的框架圖
