相關的門戶網站在進行登陸的時候,若是用戶連續登陸的次數超過3次或者5次的時候,就會在登陸頁中動態生成驗證碼。經過驗證碼達到分流和反爬的效果。php
雲打碼平臺處理驗證碼的實現流程:html
雲打碼平臺處理驗證碼的實現流程:python
- 1.對攜帶驗證碼的頁面數據進行抓取 - 2.能夠將頁面數據中驗證碼進行解析,驗證碼圖片下載到本地 - 3.能夠將驗證碼圖片提交給三方平臺進行識別,返回驗證碼圖片上的數據值 - 雲打碼平臺: - 1.在官網中進行註冊(普通用戶和開發者用戶) - 2.登陸開發者用戶: - 1.實例代碼的下載(開發文檔-》調用實例及最新的DLL-》PythonHTTP實例下載) - 2.建立一個軟件:個人軟件-》添加新的軟件 -3.使用示例代碼中的源碼文件中的代碼進行修改,讓其識別驗證碼圖片中的數據值
import http.client, mimetypes, urllib, json, time, requests class YDMHttp: apiurl = 'http://api.yundama.com/api.php' username = '' password = '' appid = '' appkey = '' def __init__(self, username, password, appid, appkey): self.username = username self.password = password self.appid = str(appid) self.appkey = appkey def request(self, fields, files=[]): response = self.post_url(self.apiurl, fields, files) response = json.loads(response) return response def balance(self): data = {'method': 'balance', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid, 'appkey': self.appkey} response = self.request(data) if (response): if (response['ret'] and response['ret'] < 0): return response['ret'] else: return response['balance'] else: return -9001 def login(self): data = {'method': 'login', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid, 'appkey': self.appkey} response = self.request(data) if (response): if (response['ret'] and response['ret'] < 0): return response['ret'] else: return response['uid'] else: return -9001 def upload(self, filename, codetype, timeout): data = {'method': 'upload', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid, 'appkey': self.appkey, 'codetype': str(codetype), 'timeout': str(timeout)} file = {'file': filename} response = self.request(data, file) if (response): if (response['ret'] and response['ret'] < 0): return response['ret'] else: return response['cid'] else: return -9001 def result(self, cid): data = {'method': 'result', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid, 'appkey': self.appkey, 'cid': str(cid)} response = self.request(data) return response and response['text'] or '' def decode(self, filename, codetype, timeout): cid = self.upload(filename, codetype, timeout) if (cid > 0): for i in range(0, timeout): result = self.result(cid) if (result != ''): return cid, result else: time.sleep(1) return -3003, '' else: return cid, '' def report(self, cid): data = {'method': 'report', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid, 'appkey': self.appkey, 'cid': str(cid), 'flag': '0'} response = self.request(data) if (response): return response['ret'] else: return -9001 def post_url(self, url, fields, files=[]): for key in files: files[key] = open(files[key], 'rb'); res = requests.post(url, files=files, data=fields) return res.text import requests from lxml import etree from urllib import request # 封裝識別驗證碼圖片的函數 def getCodeText(codeType,filePath): result = None # 普通用戶名 username = 'jeremy0820' # 密碼 password = '0820_ab' # 軟件ID,開發者分紅必要參數。登陸開發者後臺【個人軟件】得到! appid = 6003 # 軟件密鑰,開發者分紅必要參數。登陸開發者後臺【個人軟件】得到! appkey = '1f4b564483ae5c907a1d34f8e2f2776c' # 圖片文件 filename = filePath # 驗證碼類型,# 例:1004表示4位字母數字,不一樣類型收費不一樣。請準確填寫,不然影響識別率。在此查詢全部類型 http://www.yundama.com/price.html codetype = codeType # 超時時間,秒 timeout = 30 # 檢查 if (username == 'username'): print('請設置好相關參數再測試') else: # 初始化 yundama = YDMHttp(username, password, appid, appkey) # 登錄雲打碼 uid = yundama.login(); print('uid: %s' % uid) # 查詢餘額 balance = yundama.balance(); print('balance: %s' % balance) # 開始識別,圖片路徑,驗證碼類型ID,超時時間(秒),識別結果 cid, result = yundama.decode(filename, codetype, timeout); print('cid: %s, result: %s' % (cid, result)) return result
url = 'http://www.renren.com/' headers = { 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36' } page_text = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers,proxies={'http':'121.8.98.196:80'}).text # 解析出驗證碼圖片的地址 tree = etree.HTML(page_text) code_img_url = tree.xpath('//*[@id="verifyPic_login"]/@src')[0] # 保存圖片 request.urlretrieve(url=code_img_url,filename='./code.jpg') # 使用打碼平臺識別驗證碼 code_text = getCodeText(2004,'./code.jpg') print(code_text) #模擬登錄 #抓不到就是時間戳超時 login_url = 'http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login?1=1&uniqueTimestamp=2019402136904' data = { "email": "www.zhangbowudi@qq.com", "icode": code_text, "origURL": "http://www.renren.com/home", "domain": "renren.com", "key_id": "1", "captcha_type": "web_login", "password": "b5b7cc084ec2c8b2fa9ec88ebb55dddb07ce2809f14e98db78ddcfa7159b8ae2", "rkey": "449e2cdaaefe6364b26d5b62baab86f5", "f": "http%3A%2F%2Fwww.renren.com%2F970683046", } #建立一個會話對象 session = requests.Session() # 產生cookie response = requests.post(url=login_url,headers=headers,data=data,proxies={'http':'121.8.98.196:80'}) # print(response.status_code) # page_text = response.text # print(page_text) # 該次請求發送必須攜帶cookie detail_url = 'http://www.renren.com/970683046/profile' requests.get(url=detail_url,headers=headers).text
- cookie:服務器端記錄客戶端的相關狀態 - 處理cookie的方式: - 手動處理:不建議 - 自動處理:回話對象Session,該對象能夠像requests模塊同樣進行網絡請求的發送(get,post)。session進行的請求發送能夠自動攜帶和處理cookie。
#基於cookie的案例分析:https://xueqiu.com/ #1.從首頁中獲取詳情頁的url #發現:首頁中的新聞數據是動態加載出來(ajax) json數據中taget對應的value值就是詳情頁的url import requests headers = { 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36' } #自動獲取cookie,cookie就會自動存儲到session中 session = requests.Session() session.get('https://xueqiu.com/',headers=headers) #捕獲ajax數據包獲取的url url = 'https://xueqiu.com/v4/statuses/public_timeline_by_category.json?since_id=-1&max_id=-1&count=10&category=-1' #攜帶cookie進行的請求發送 dic_json = session.get(url=url,headers=headers).json() print(dic_json) #從響應數據中獲取詳情頁的url # for dic in dic_json['list']: # # print(dic) # d = dic['data'] # detail_url = 'https://xueqiu.com'+d['target'] # print(detail_url)