AngularJS表單驗證,手動驗證或自動驗證

時間  2019-11-12
標籤 angularjs 表單 驗證 手動 自動 欄目 AngularJS 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

 

AngularJS的表單驗證大體有兩種，一種是手動驗證，一種是自動驗證。


css

手動驗證


所謂手動驗證是經過AngularJS表單的屬性來驗證。而成爲AngularJS表單必須知足兩個條件：一、給form元素加上novalidate="novalidate"；二、給form元素加上name="theForm"，以下：html

 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" ng-app="myApp1">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title></title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/main.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
  <div class="container">
    <div class="navbar-header">
      <a href="/" class="navbar-brand">Form Submitting</a>
    </div>
  </div>
</nav>

<div class="container main-content" ng-controller="myCtrl1">
  <!--novalidate讓表單不要使用html驗證-->
  <!--theForm變成scope的一個字段-->
  <form ng-submit="onSubmit(theForm.$valid)" novalidate="novalidate" name="theForm">
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="name">Name</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" ng-model="formModel.name"/>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group" ng-class="{
      'has-error': !theForm.email.$valid && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted),
      'has-success': theForm.email.$valid && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)
      }">
      <label for="email">Email</label>
      <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" ng-model="formModel.email" required="required" name="email"/>
      <p class="help-block" ng-show="theForm.email.$error.required && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)">必填</p>
      <p class="help-block" ng-show="theForm.email.$error.email && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)">email格式不正確</p>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="username">Username</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" ng-model="formModel.username"/>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="age">Age</label>
      <input type="number" class="form-control" id="age" ng-model="formModel.age"/>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="sex">Sex</label>
      <select name="sex" id="sex" class="form-control" ng-model="formModel.sex">
        <option value="">Please choose</option>
        <option value="male">Mail</option>
        <option value="femail">Femail</option>
      </select>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="password">Password</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="password" ng-model="formModel.password"/>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
      <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Register</button>
    </div>

      <pre>
        {{theForm | json}}
      </pre>
  </form>
</div>
<script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="second.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

 


以上，

● 給form加上novalidate="novalidate"意味着表單將再也不使用HTML5驗證特性
● 給form加上name="theForm"意味着表單的名稱是theForm。如何使用theForm,好比咱們驗證表單是否被修改過theForm.$submitted
● 經過ng-submit提交表單
● formModel是$scope中的一個屬性
● 對錶單的Email進行了手動驗證，使用了AngularJS表單的衆多屬性，好比theForm.email.$valid，theForm.$pristine，theForm.$submitted， theForm.email.$error.required，theForm.email.$error.email
● 經過<pre>{{theForm | json}}</pre>把AngularJS表單的全部屬性都打印出來node

 

{
  "$error": {
    "required": [
      {
        "$validators": {},
        "$asyncValidators": {},
        "$parsers": [],
        "$formatters": [
          null
        ],
        "$viewChangeListeners": [],
        "$untouched": true,
        "$touched": false,
        "$pristine": true,
        "$dirty": false,
        "$valid": false,
        "$invalid": true,
        "$error": {
          "required": true
        },
        "$name": "email",
        "$options": null
      }
    ]
  },
  "$name": "theForm",
  "$dirty": false,
  "$pristine": true,
  "$valid": false,
  "$invalid": true,
  "$submitted": false,
  "email": {
    "$validators": {},
    "$asyncValidators": {},
    "$parsers": [],
    "$formatters": [
      null
    ],
    "$viewChangeListeners": [],
    "$untouched": true,
    "$touched": false,
    "$pristine": true,
    "$dirty": false,
    "$valid": false,
    "$invalid": true,
    "$error": {
      "required": true
    },
    "$name": "email",
    "$options": null
  },
  "sex": {
    "$validators": {},
    "$asyncValidators": {},
    "$parsers": [],
    "$formatters": [],
    "$viewChangeListeners": [],
    "$untouched": true,
    "$touched": false,
    "$pristine": true,
    "$dirty": false,
    "$valid": true,
    "$invalid": false,
    "$error": {},
    "$name": "sex",
    "$options": null
  }
}

 

以上，凡有name屬性的input都被顯示在上面。

在second.js文件中定義了module,controller以及提交表單的方法。git

 

var myApp1 = angular.module('myApp1',[]);

myApp1.controller('myCtrl1', function($scope, $http){
    $scope.formModel = {};

    $scope.onSubmit = function(){
        $http.post('someurl',$scope.formModel)
            .success(function(data){
                console.log(':)');
            })
            .error(function(data){
                console.log(':(');
            });

        console.log($scope.formModel);
    };
});

 

以上的表單驗證方式好處是可控性強，但相對繁瑣。

github

自動驗證



AngularJS的另一種表單驗證方式是自動驗證，即經過directive來實現，除了AngularJS自帶的directive,還須要用到angular-auto-validate這個第三方module。


有關angular-auto-validate：npm

 

● 網址：https://github.com/jonsamwell/angular-auto-validate
● 安裝：npm i angular-auto-validate
● 引用：<script src="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script>
● module依賴：var myApp = angular.module("app", ["jcs-autoValidate"]);


爲了實現錯誤信息本地化，還須要angular-localize這個第三方module：

● 安裝：npm install angular-localize --save
● module依賴：var myApp = angular.module("app", ["localize"]);
● 引用：

<script src="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script>
<script src="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script>


此外，當點擊提交表單按鈕，須要禁用按鈕並顯示一種等待效果，須要用到angular-ladda這個第三方module:

● 安裝：bower install angular-ladda --save
● module依賴：var myApp = angular.module("app", ["angular-ladda"]);
● 引用：
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/>

<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script>
<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script>
<script src="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script>

頁面以下：json

 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" ng-app="myApp1">
<head>
  <meta charset="gb2312">
  <title></title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/main.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
  <div class="container">
    <div class="navbar-header">
      <a href="/" class="navbar-brand">Form Validating Auto</a>
    </div>
  </div>
</nav>

<div class="container main-content" ng-controller="myCtrl1">
  <!--novalidate讓表單不要使用html驗證-->
  <!--theForm變成scope的一個字段-->
  <form ng-submit="onSubmit()" novalidate="novalidate">
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="name" class="control-label">Name</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" ng-model="formModel.name"  required="required"/>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="email" class="control-label">Email</label>
      <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" ng-model="formModel.email" required="required"/>

    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="username" class="control-label">Username</label>
      <input type="text"
             class="form-control"
             id="username"
             ng-model="formModel.username"
             required="required"
             ng-pattern="/^[A-Za-z0-9_]{1,32}$/"
             ng-minlength="7"
             ng-pattern-err-type="badUsername"
        />
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="age" class="control-label">Age</label>
      <input type="number"
             class="form-control"
             id="age"
             ng-model="formModel.age"
             required="required"
             min="18"
             max="65"
             ng-min-err-type="tooYoung"
             ng-max-err-type="tooOld"
        />
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="sex" class="control-label">Sex</label>
      <select name="sex" id="sex" class="form-control" ng-model="formModel.sex"  required="required">
        <option value="">Please choose</option>
        <option value="male">Mail</option>
        <option value="femail">Femail</option>
      </select>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="password" class="control-label">Password</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="password" ng-model="formModel.password"  required="required" ng-minlength="6"/>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
      <!--<button class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>-->
      <button class="btn btn-primary"
              ladda = "submitting"
              data-style="expand-right"
              type="submit">
        <span ng-show="submitting">正在註冊...</span>
        <span ng-show="!submitting">註冊</span>
      </button>
    </div>

      <pre>
        {{formModel | json}}
      </pre>
  </form>
</div>
<script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script>

<script src="form_validation_auto.js"></script>
<script src="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script>
<script src="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script>
<script src="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script>

<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script>
<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script>
<script src="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script>

</body>
</html>

 

以上，先看提交按鈕：bootstrap

 

<div class="form-group">
  <!--<button class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>-->
  <button class="btn btn-primary"
          ladda = "submitting"
          data-style="expand-right"
          type="submit">
    <span ng-show="submitting">正在註冊...</span>
    <span ng-show="!submitting">註冊</span>
  </button>
</div>

 

● ladda屬性值爲bool值，true表示顯示動態等待效果，false不顯示動態等待效果，這裏的submitting是scope中的一個屬性
● data-style="expand-right"表示在按鈕的右側顯示動態等待效果

再拿表單中的Age字段來講：app

 

<div class="form-group">
  <label for="age" class="control-label">Age</label>
  <input type="number"
         class="form-control"
         id="age"
         ng-model="formModel.age"
         required="required"
         min="18"
         max="65"
         ng-min-err-type="tooYoung"
         ng-max-err-type="tooOld"
    />
</div>

 

其中,min, max爲AgularJS的directive,而ng-min-err-type是angular-auto-validate的directive。這裏遵循的慣例是ng-AngularJS表單驗證的directive名稱-err-type，而tooYoung和tooOld的做用是什麼，又是在哪裏用上了呢？


是在module層面用上了，定義在了form_validation_auto.js文件中。less

 

var myApp1 = angular.module('myApp1',['jcs-autoValidate','localize','angular-ladda']);

myApp1.run(function(defaultErrorMessageResolver){
    defaultErrorMessageResolver.getErrorMessages().then(function(errorMessages){
        errorMessages['tooYoung'] = '年齡必須小於{0}';
        errorMessages['tooOld'] = '年齡不能大於{0}';
        errorMessages['badUsername'] = '用戶名只能包含數字、字母或下劃線';
    });
});

myApp1.controller('myCtrl1', function($scope, $http){
    $scope.formModel = {};
    $scope.submitting = false;

    $scope.onSubmit = function(){

        $scope.submitting = true;
        console.log('已提交');
        console.log($scope.formModel);

        $http.post('url',$scope.formModel)
            .success(function(data){
                console.log(':)');
                $scope.submitting = false;
            })
            .error(function(data){
                console.log(':(');
                $scope.submitting = false;
            });
    };
});

 

以上，在run方法中使用angular-auto-validate的defaultErrorMessageResolver服務，對錯誤信息進行爲了自定義。頁面上的tooYoung和tooOld和這裏的errorMessages['tooYoung']和errorMessages['badUsername']對應。

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