SSM框架開發web項目系列（一）環境搭建篇

時間 2019-11-16

標籤 ssm 框架開發 web 項目系列環境搭建欄目 HTML 简体版

原文原文鏈接

前言

　　開發環境：Eclipse Mars + Maven + JDK 1.7 + Tomcat 7 + MySQL前端

　　主要框架：Spring + Spring MVC + Mybatisjava

　　目的：快速上手搭建SSM開發環境，熟悉客戶端請求到數據庫操做的流程。mysql

準備工做

　　本文以「人」Person對象爲例，因此首先在數據庫中建一張表。這裏用的Navicat for MySql,新建一個名爲ssm的數據庫，而後在庫中新建一張名爲TBL_PERSON的表,3個字段，分別爲主鍵id,姓名name,性別gender,都爲字符串類型。這裏主鍵id沒有采用自增，而是用UUID隨機字符串。數據表概要如圖所示。web

　　新建一個maven web項目，工程結構以下和pom.xml配置以下，並建立一個pojo類Personspring

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.mmm</groupId>
  <artifactId>ssm-web</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>ssm-web Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  
    <properties>  
            <!-- spring版本號 -->  
            <spring.version>4.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>  
            <!-- mybatis版本號 -->  
            <mybatis.version>3.2.6</mybatis.version>  
            <!-- log4j日誌文件管理包版本 -->  
            <slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version>  
            <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>  
        </properties>  
      
        <dependencies>  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>junit</groupId>  
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
                <version>4.11</version>  
                <scope>test</scope>  
            </dependency>  
            <!-- spring核心包 -->  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
                <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>  
                <version>${spring.version}</version>  
            </dependency>  
      
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
                <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>  
                <version>${spring.version}</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
                <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>  
                <version>${spring.version}</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
                <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>  
                <version>${spring.version}</version>  
            </dependency>  
      
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
                <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>  
                <version>${spring.version}</version>  
            </dependency>  
      
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>  
                <version>${spring.version}</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
                <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>  
                <version>${spring.version}</version>  
            </dependency>  
      
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
                <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>  
                <version>${spring.version}</version>  
            </dependency>  
      
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>  
                <version>${spring.version}</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <!-- mybatis核心包 -->  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>  
                <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>  
                <version>${mybatis.version}</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <!-- mybatis/spring包 -->  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>  
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>  
                <version>1.2.2</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>javax</groupId>  
                <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>  
                <version>7.0</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <!-- 導入Mysql數據庫連接jar包 -->  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>  
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>  
                <version>5.1.30</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>  
                <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>  
                <version>1.2.2</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <!-- JSTL標籤類 -->  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>jstl</groupId>  
                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>  
                <version>1.2</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>  
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>  
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>  
                <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>  
                <version>1.1.41</version>  
            </dependency>  
      
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
                <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>  
                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>  
            </dependency>  
      
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>  
                <version>${slf4j.version}</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>  
                <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>  
                <version>1.9.13</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>  
                <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>  
                <version>1.3.1</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>commons-io</groupId>  
                <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>  
                <version>2.4</version>  
            </dependency>  
            <dependency>  
                <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>  
                <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>  
                <version>1.9</version>  
            </dependency>  
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.0</version>
    </dependency>
        </dependencies>  
  <build>
    <finalName>ssm-web</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

package com.mmm.pojo;
/**
 * Person實體類
 * */
public class Person {
    
    private String id;
    
    private String name;
    
    private String gender;
    
    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }
    
    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }
    

}

配置篇

　　1.Spring 集成Mybatis配置文件以及應用（application-root.xml + maybatis-config.xml + jsbc.properties）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"  
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">  
                        
    <!-- 引入數據庫配置參數文件jdbc.properties -->                
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
    
    <!-- Spring會掃描指定包下的bean註解例如@Controller、@Service等 -->   
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.mmm" />
    
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>
        
    <!-- spring和MyBatis整合 -->  
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />  
        <!-- 自動掃描mapper.xml文件 -->  
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/mmm/mapper/*.xml"></property>  
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property>
    </bean>  
  
    <!-- Mapper接口所在包名，Spring會自動查找其下的類 -->  
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">  
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.mmm.mapper" />  
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property>  
    </bean>
     
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!-- 這裏能夠定義類的別名，在mapper.xml文件中應用會方便不少 -->
    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias alias="person" type="com.mmm.pojo.Person" />
    </typeAliases>
</configuration>

jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/ssm?characterEncoding=utf-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

　　2.Spring MVC配置（application-mvc.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"  
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc    
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">  
                        
     <!-- 自動掃描開啓 -->
      <context:component-scan base-package="com.mmm.web" />
     <mvc:annotation-driven/>
     
     <!-- Spring MVC視圖解析配置-->  
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">  
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />  
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />  
    </bean>  
                        
                        
</beans>

　　3.PersonMapper映射配置文件（personMapper.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" 
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.mmm.mapper.PersonMapper">
    
    <resultMap type="person" id="personResultMap" >
        <id property="id" column="id"></id>
        <result property="name" column="name"></result>
        <result property="gender" column="gender"></result>
    </resultMap>
    
    <!-- 新增一條記錄 -->
    <insert id="insert" parameterType="person" >
        <selectKey keyProperty="id" order="BEFORE" resultType="java.lang.String">
            select replace(uuid(),'-','') from dual
        </selectKey>
        insert into `TBL_PERSON` values (#{id},#{name},#{gender})
    </insert>
    
    <!-- 刪除一條記錄 -->
    <delete id="delete">
        delete from `TBL_PERSON` where id = #{id}
    </delete>
    
    <!-- 更新一條記錄 -->
    <update id="update" parameterType="person">
        update `TBL_PERSON` set name = #{name}, gender = #{gender}
    </update>
    
    <!-- 查找全部記錄 -->
    <select id="selectAll" resultMap="personResultMap">
        select * from `TBL_PERSON`
    </select>
    
    <!-- 根據主鍵id查找記錄 -->
    <select id="selectById" resultType="person">
        select * from `TBL_PERSON` where id = #{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

　　4.web.xml配置（web.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"  
    version="3.0"> 
    
    <!-- Spring的配置文件 -->  
    <context-param>  
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
        <param-value>classpath:application-root.xml</param-value>  
    </context-param>  
    <!-- 編碼過濾器 -->  
    <filter>  
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>  
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>  
        <async-supported>true</async-supported>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>  
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>  
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>  
    </filter>  
    <filter-mapping>  
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>  
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
    </filter-mapping>  
    <!-- Spring監聽器 -->  
    <listener>  
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  
    </listener>  
  
    <!-- Spring MVC servlet -->  
    <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
            <param-value>classpath:application-mvc.xml</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
        <async-supported>true</async-supported>  
    </servlet>  
    <servlet-mapping>  
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>  
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  
    </servlet-mapping>  
    
</web-app>

代碼篇

　　1.mapper包下（com.mmm.mapper）

package com.mmm.mapper;

import java.util.List;

import com.mmm.pojo.Person;

public interface PersonMapper {
    //新增一個Person對象
    void insert(Person p);
    
    //根據主鍵id刪除Person對象
    void deleteById(String id);
    
    //修改一個person對象
    void update(Person p);
    
    //根據主鍵id查找Person對象
    Person selectById(String id);
    
    //查找全部Person對象，返回集合類型
    List<Person> selectAll();

}

　　2.service包下（com.mmm.service）

package com.mmm.service;

import java.util.List;

import com.mmm.pojo.Person;

public interface PersonService {
    
    //新增一個Person對象
    void insert(Person p);
    
    //根據主鍵id刪除Person對象
    void deleteById(String id);
    
    //修改一個person對象
    void update(Person p);
    
    //根據主鍵id查找Person對象
    Person selectById(String id);
    
    //查找全部Person對象，返回集合類型
    List<Person> selectAll();
}

package com.mmm.service;

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.mmm.mapper.PersonMapper;
import com.mmm.pojo.Person;
@Service
public class PersonServiceImpl implements PersonService {
    
    @Resource
    PersonMapper personMapper;

    @Override
    public void insert(Person p) {
        personMapper.insert(p);
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteById(String id) {
        personMapper.deleteById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Person p) {
        personMapper.update(p);
    }

    @Override
    public Person selectById(String id) {
        return personMapper.selectById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Person> selectAll() {
        return personMapper.selectAll();
    }
    
}

　　3.web包下（com.mmm.web）

package com.mmm.web;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import com.mmm.pojo.Person;
import com.mmm.service.PersonService;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("person")
public class PersonController {
    
    @Autowired
    PersonService personService;
    
    /**
     * 這裏return的字符串"mvc"加上前面Spring MVC配置文件中視圖解析配置的前綴"/WEB-INF/views/"和後綴".jsp",
     * 構成了要請求轉發要跳轉到的頁面路徑，從根路徑webapp下開始，即爲/WEB-INF/views/mvc.jsp
     * */
    @RequestMapping(value="mvc")
    public String testMvc() {
        return "mvc";//
    }
    
    /**
     * 這裏@ResponseBody表明方法是直接返回一個json數據回前端，
     * 注意Spring mvc配置文件中不要漏掉<mvc:annotation-driven/>
     * */
    @RequestMapping(value="list")
    @ResponseBody
    public List<Person> findAll() {
        List<Person> list = personService.selectAll();
        return list;//這裏經過前端返回的json數據查看到完整數據
    } 
    
    /**
     * 其中@PathVariable用來得到請求url中的動態參數
     * */
    @RequestMapping(value="one/{id}")
    @ResponseBody
    public Person findOne(@PathVariable("id") String id) {
        return personService.selectById(id);
    }
    
    
}

　　至此，ssm開發基本環境已經初步搭建好sql

測試篇

　　1.測試mybatis封裝的持久層（這裏以獲取全部TBL_PERSON表的NAME字段值爲例）

package com.test;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.mmm.pojo.Person;
import com.mmm.service.PersonService;

public class TestDb {
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    @Test
    public void testDb() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application-root.xml");
        PersonService bean = (PersonService) context.getBean("personServiceImpl");
        List<Person> list = bean.selectAll();
        for(Person p:list) {
            System.out.println(p.getName());
        }
        
    }
}

結果以下數據庫

　　2.測試Spring MVC部分

　 Tomcat啓動項目，地址欄輸入http://localhost:8080/ssm-web/person/list,拿到以下圖所示數據即爲成功apache

檢討篇

　　最後，SSM開發環境基本搭建完畢，既然是基本，還存在許多沒有儘可能完善的地方。首先Mybatis部分，這裏是從零開始，也沒用到什麼逆向工程之類的，都本身手寫，便於理解，而後關聯映射只寫了簡單的單表操做，關聯的沒寫到，另外單表簡單操做，在這裏與spring集成過程當中事務也沒有進行事務管理的配置等。Spring MVC方面更是簡陋了點，不過實際工做開發中，比較核心的有視圖解析後轉發到相應頁面和json返回數據，大多問題是在考慮怎樣實現業務邏輯。不少細節沒有寫出來，而後有些原理性的東西本身也還須要不斷理解學習，以後應該寫一些關鍵細節描述類的總結文。
json